Targeting Nuclear Receptor Coactivator SRC-1 Prevents Colorectal Cancer Immune Escape by Reducing Transcription and Protein Stability of PD-L1.

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is overexpressed in multiple cancers and critical for their immune escape. It has previously shown that the nuclear coactivator SRC-1 promoted colorectal cancer (CRC) progression by enhancing CRC cell viability, yet its role in CRC immune escape is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that SRC-1 is positively correlated with PD-L1 in human CRC specimens.

Histone demethylase JMJD2D protects against enteric bacterial infection via up-regulating colonic IL-17F to induce β-defensin expression.

Histone demethylase JMJD2D (also known as KDM4D) can specifically demethylate H3K9me2/3 to activate its target gene expression. Our previous study has demonstrated that JMJD2D can protect intestine from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by activating Hedgehog signaling; however, its involvement in host defense against enteric attaching and effacing bacterial infection remains unclear. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of JMJD2D in host defense against enteric bacteria and its underlying mechanisms.

Tumor-suppressive miR-4732-3p is sorted into fucosylated exosome by hnRNPK to avoid the inhibition of lung cancer progression.

Background: Aberrant fucosylation observed in cancer cells contributes to an augmented release of fucosylated exosomes into the bloodstream, where miRNAs including miR-4732-3p hold promise as potential tumor biomarkers in our pilot study. However, the mechanisms underlying the sorting of miR-4732-3p into fucosylated exosomes during lung cancer progression remain poorly understood.

Methods: A fucose-captured strategy based on lentil lectin-magnetic beads was utilized to isolate fucosylated exosomes and evaluate the efficiency for capturing tumor-derived exosomes using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA).

Traditional Chinese medicine Pien-Tze-Huang ameliorates LPS-induced sepsis through bile acid-mediated activation of TGR5-STAT3-A20 signalling.

Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a class I nationally protected traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used to treat liver diseases such as hepatitis; however, the effect of PZH on the progression of sepsis is unknown. Here, we reported that PZH attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in mice and reduced LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages by inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling. Mechanistically, PZH stimulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation to induce the expression of A20, which could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling.

The multifaceted therapeutic value of targeting steroid receptor coactivator-1 in tumorigenesis.

Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1, also known as NCOA1) frequently functions as a transcriptional coactivator by directly binding to transcription factors and recruiting to the target gene promoters to promote gene transcription by increasing chromatin accessibility and promoting the formation of transcriptional complexes. In recent decades, various biological and pathological functions of SRC-1 have been reported, especially in the context of tumorigenesis. SRC-1 is a facilitator of the progression of multiple cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, neurological cancer, and female genital system cancer.

High diffraction efficiency varied-line-space concave gratings for the Lyman ultraviolet explorer.

In this paper we present the design and fabrication of the reflection varied-line-space concave grating (VLSCG) for the project of CAFE (the Census of warm-hot intergalactic medium, Accretion, and Feedback Explorer), which aims to detect and map the warm-hot circumgalactic medium via OVI emission at 103.2 nm and 103.8 nm, using two off-Rowland-circle spectrograph channels.

Can One Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples Guide Another Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples during Ion Bombardment: From the Perspective of Power Spectral Density Entropy?

Ion bombardment (IB) is a promising nanofabrication tool for self-organized nanostructures. When ions bombard a nominally flat solid surface, self-organized nanoripples can be induced on the irradiated target surface, which are called intrinsic nanoripples of the target material. The degree of ordering of nanoripples is an outstanding issue to be overcome, similar to other self-organization methods.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Pien-Tze-Huang Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Growth and Immune Evasion by Reducing β-catenin Transcriptional Activity and PD-L1 Expression.

Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, which has a variety of biological activities such as clearing heat-toxin, resolving blood stasis, detoxifying, relieving pain, and anti-inflammation. PZH has a partial role in suppressing the progression of CRC, while the underlying mechanism is a pending mystery; especially whether PZH mediates the immune escape of CRC remains unclear. Our study reported that PZH suppressed the proliferative activity of CRC by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling to down-regulate the expression of PCNA and Cyclin D1.

Demethylase JMJD2D induces PD-L1 expression to promote colorectal cancer immune escape by enhancing IFNGR1-STAT3-IRF1 signaling.

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important immunosuppressive molecule highly expressed on the surface of cancer cells. IFNγ triggered cancer cell immunosuppression against CD8 T cell surveillance via up-regulation of PD-L1. Histone demethylase JMJD2D promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) progression; however, the role of JMJD2D in cancer immune escape is unknown.

High-efficiency broadband polarization-independent binary fused silica gratings for large astronomical telescopes.

The binary fused silica gratings (BFSGs) with high diffraction efficiency are presented for large astronomical ground-based telescopes. Calculations demonstrate that the BFSGs could obtain high diffraction efficiency in a wider wavelength range and angle of incident (AOI) range compared with volume phase holographic gratings. Several gratings with a size of 60×60 have been fabricated by holographic lithography and reactive ion-beam etching technology.

Enhancing the quality of self-organized nanoripples by Ar-ion bombardment of a bilayer system.

Ion bombardment (IB) is a promising nanofabrication technique for producing nanoripples. A critical issue that restricts the application of IB is the limited quality of IB-induced nanoripples. Photoresist (PR) and antireflection coating (ARC) are of technological relevance for lithographic exposure processes.

Optical anisotropy of self-organized gold quasi-blazed nanostructures based on a broad ion beam.

To circumvent elaborate conventional lithographic methods for realizing metallic nanostructures, it is necessary to develop self-organized nanofabrication methods for suitable template structures and their optical characterization. We demonstrate the potential of ion bombardment with impurity co-deposition to fabricate terraced or quasi-blazed nanostructure templates. Self-organized terraced nanostructures on fused silica were fabricated using ion bombardment with iron impurity co-deposition and subsequent Au shadow deposition.

Acrylamide induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation via oxidative stress- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated MAPK pathway in HepG2 cells.

Acrylamide (AA) is one of the important products of the Maillard reaction. AA hepatotoxicity is related to inflammation, which can be indicated by the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. In this study, AA activated NLRP3 inflammasome and released a large number of inflammatory factors in HepG2 cells.

Salidroside ameliorates liver metabonomics in relation to modified gut-liver FXR signaling in furan-induced mice.

The study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of salidroside (SAL) on the crosstalk among liver metabonomics, gut barrier function and bile acids in furan-induced mice. Forty male mice were randomly divided into the following five groups: CON, FUR 8 (8 mg/kg/day furan), SAL 10 (8 mg/kg/day furan+10 mg/kg/day SAL), SAL 20 (8 mg/kg/day furan+20 mg/kg/day SAL), and SAL 40 (8 mg/kg/day+40 mg/kg/day SAL). Mice were administered with furan for 30 days and SAL was administered for 15 days from day 16.

Soft X-ray varied-line-spacing gratings fabricated by near-field holography using an electron beam lithography-written phase mask.

A fabrication method comprising near-field holography (NFH) with an electron beam lithography (EBL)-written phase mask was developed to fabricate soft X-ray varied-line-spacing gratings (VLSGs). An EBL-written phase mask with an area of 52 mm × 30 mm and a central line density greater than 3000 lines mm was used. The introduction of the EBL-written phase mask substantially simplified the NFH optics for pattern transfer.

Allicin alleviates acrylamide-induced oxidative stress in BRL-3A cells.

Aim: Acrylamide (AA) is a common heat-generated toxicant in some food. Inhibiting its formation with natural antioxidants is of great significance. The current study aims to investigate the alleviative effect and the underlying mechanism of allicin against AA-induced oxidative stress in BRL-3A cells.

Ameliorative effect of salidroside from Rhodiola Rosea L. on the gut microbiota subject to furan-induced liver injury in a mouse model.

In our study, the ameliorative effect of salidroside (SAL) from Rhodiola Rosea L. on the intestinal microflora subject to furan-induced liver injury in a mouse model was investigated by 16 S rDNA, oxidative indexes, LPS and cytokine levels. The results demonstrated that SAL alleviated hepatic oxidative injury by inhibiting the activities of AST, ALT and the content of MDA, and promoting the activities of SOD, GSH and GST, compared to the furan-treated group.

Reducing Rowland ghosts in diffraction gratings by dynamic exposure near-field holography.

Near-field holography (NFH) combined with electron beam lithography (EBL)-written phase masks is a promising method for the rapid realization of diffraction gratings with high resolution and high accuracy in line density distribution. We demonstrate a dynamic exposure method in which the grating substrate is shifted during pattern transfer. This reduces the effects of stitching errors, resulting in the decreased intensity of the optical stray light (i.

Structure dependence of lasing action in organic polymer films on DFB gratings for dinitrotoluene vapor detection.

Structure effects of distributed feedback (DFB) gratings on lasing action have been investigated for detecting explosive vapors. For the first time, we have established the optimized profiles of the DFB grating, and given the theoretical path to design its structure for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of organic polymer films based on Bragg conditions. A poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) film can realize detection of dinitrotoluene (DNT) vapors in 2 min with a reduced excitation threshold of 26 mJ cm(-2) by using a simple and common 405 nm laser.

Alignment method for fabricating a parallel flat-field grating used in soft x-ray region.

Parallel flat-field gratings consist of two flat-field gratings lying on one substrate, one for 5-20 nm and the other for 2-5 nm spectral regions, and thus can be widely used in various fields to record broader spectra in the soft x-ray region. The alignment of two subgratings directly determines the resolving power of parallel flat-field gratings. The theoretical resolving power is evaluated by means of the ray-tracing method and the maximal allowable alignment error is 0.

Design of multi-area grating for soft x-ray flat-field spectrograph.

A soft x-ray flat-field grating with a nominal groove density of 2400 grooves/mm is typically used in wavelengths of 1-6 nm or 1-7 nm for plasma diagnostics. However, measurement of wavelengths even down to 0.6 nm simultaneously is expected in practice.

Alignment method combining interference lithography with anisotropic wet etch technique for fabrication of high aspect ratio silicon gratings.

A method was developed for aligning interference fringes generated in interference lithography to the vertical {111} planes of <110> oriented silicon wafers. The alignment error is 0.036°.

Chemical mechanical polishing to improve the efficiency uniformity of beam sampling grating.

In order to improve the efficiency uniformity of large-aperture beam sampling gratings (BSGs), a conventional chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process of fused silica by CeO₂ slurry is proposed to modify their groove profiles. With the proposed CMP process, the efficiency uniformity of several BSGs with an aperture of 430  mm×430  mm has been successfully controlled within an rms of 5%. The proposed CMP process is an effective method to improve the efficiency uniformity of large-aperture BSGs.

Inhibitor of DNA-binding-1/inhibitor of differentiation-1 (ID-1) is implicated in various aspects of gastric cancer cell biology.

In order to determine the biological roles of the inhibitor of DNA-binding-1/inhibitor of differentiation-1 (ID-1) protein in MGC803 and AGS cell lines, we ectopically expressed or downregulated ID-1 in the both gastric cell lines and measured various parameters of tumor cell development, including cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cell migration. The ectopic expression of ID-1 significantly enhanced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell migration, and protected MGC803 and AGS cell lines from cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The opposite effects were observed after downregulation of ID-1, which in combination with cisplatin treatment enhanced apoptosis in a synergistic fashion.