Open- and closed-type congenital cholesteatomas of the middle ear: computed tomography differentiation and correlation with surgical staging.

Purpose: To investigate the differences in computed tomography (CT) features between closed-type congenital cholesteatoma (CCC) and open-type congenital cholesteatoma (OCC) of the middle ear and to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative CT examination for staging workup of congenital cholesteatoma (CC) in correlation with the surgical findings.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the preoperative CT scans of the temporal bone obtained from 80 patients with surgically confirmed CC of the middle ear. All patients had a solitary lesion, except for one patient with two lesions, resulting in 81 CCs, which formed the basis of this study.

Findings of Intravenous Gadolinium Inner Ear Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Acute Low-Tone Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Objectives: Acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss (ALHL) is thought to have a different etiology from that of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. We hypothesized that endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in the inner ear organ contributes to ALHL, even in patients without vertigo. This study investigated the presence of EH in ALHL and compared the clinical characteristics of patients with or without EH.

Imaging of Facial Nerve With 3D-DESS-WE-MRI Before Parotidectomy: Impact on Surgical Outcomes.

Objective: The intra-parotid facial nerve (FN) can be visualized using three-dimensional double-echo steady-state water-excitation sequence magnetic resonance imaging (3D-DESS-WE-MRI). However, the clinical impact of FN imaging using 3D-DESS-WE-MRI before parotidectomy has not yet been explored. We compared the clinical outcomes of parotidectomy in patients with and without preoperative 3D-DESS-WE-MRI.

Infiltrative fibrous lesion of the facial nerve mimicking a facial nerve tumor.

Purpose: To report three cases of facial nerve lesions that were clinically expected to be facial nerve tumors but showed fibrotic infiltration without any apparent signs of a specific tumor on histopathological findings. We also aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of these cases.

Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent surgery for facial nerve lesions were reviewed.

Ocular motility disorders following coronavirus disease-19 vaccination.

Purpose: To describe clinical manifestations and short-term prognosis of ocular motility disorders following coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.

Methods: Ocular motility disorders were diagnosed by clinical assessment, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, and laboratory testing. Clinical manifestations, short-term prognosis, and rate of complete recovery were analyzed.

Parafoveal and peripapillary vessel density in pediatric and juvenile craniopharyngioma patients.

We assessed the retinal microvascular alterations detected by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in pediatric and juvenile craniopharyngioma (CP) patients with chiasmal compression. We included 15 eyes of 15 pediatric or juvenile CP patients and 18 eyes of 18 healthy subjects. The evaluation of vessel density from the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SRCP), the deep retinal capillary plexus, and the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) segments was obtained by OCT-A.

A Fully Automated Analytic System for Measuring Endolymphatic Hydrops Ratios in Patients With Ménière Disease via Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Deep Learning Model Development Study.

Background: Recently, the analysis of endolymphatic hydropses (EHs) via inner ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for patients with Ménière disease has been attempted in various studies. In addition, artificial intelligence has rapidly been incorporated into the medical field. In our previous studies, an automated algorithm for EH analysis was developed by using a convolutional neural network.

Validation of inner ear MRI in patients with Ménière's disease by comparing endolymphatic hydrops from histopathologic specimens.

Intravenous gadolinium-enhanced inner-ear magnetic resonance imaging (IV-Gd inner-ear MRI) has been used to visualize endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in clinical diagnosis of Ménière's disease (MD). However, lack of histological validation has led to several concerns regarding how best to interpret the resulting images. Here, we compared hydropic changes in temporal bone specimens with the results of IV-Gd inner-ear MRI in patients with MD.

Three-dimensional double-echo steady-state with water excitation magnetic resonance imaging to localize the intraparotid facial nerve in patients with deep-seated parotid tumors.

Purpose: To assess the utility of three-dimensional double-echo steady-state with water excitation (3D-DESS-WE) imaging for localizing deep-seated parotid tumors in relation to the facial nerve.

Methods: A prospective study comparing the surgical outcomes of parotidectomy with or without 3D-DESS-WE sequence is currently enrolling the patients. Magnetic resonance imaging data from the first 25 patients with 3D-DESS-WE sequence were reviewed.

Adenocarcinoma of the minor salivary gland with concurrent MAML2 and EWSR1 alterations.

Salivary gland tumors are histologically diverse, and each entity has distinctive histopathological and molecular features. We report two cases of salivary gland tumors with unique histological and molecular findings, which have not been documented previously. The tumors were located in the base of the tongue in both patients.

[Normal Anatomy of Cranial Nerves III-XII on Magnetic Resonance Imaging].

Because of the inherent complex anatomy and functional arrangement of the cranial nerves (CNs), neuroimaging of cranial neuropathy is challenging. With recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, the cause of cranial neuropathy can now be detected in many cases. As an active multidisciplinary team member of cranial neuropathy, it is essential for the neuroradiologist to be familiar with the detailed anatomy of the CNs on MRI.

Automated measurement of hydrops ratio from MRI in patients with Ménière's disease using CNN-based segmentation.

Ménière's Disease (MD) is difficult to diagnose and evaluate objectively over the course of treatment. Recently, several studies have reported MD diagnoses by MRI-based endolymphatic hydrops (EH) analysis. However, this method is time-consuming and complicated.

Cause of acquired onset of diplopia due to isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies in patients aged 20 to 50 years in Korea: A high resolution magnetic resonance imaging study.

Aims: This study aimed to describe the etiologies of acquired onset of diplopia due to isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies in young adults in Korea.

Methods: This retrospective study included 127 patients aged 20 to 50 years with acquired onset isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies who received care at the Strabismus and Neuro-ophthalmology Department of Samsung Medical Center from 2013 to 2017. The etiologies of the palsies determined by clinical assessment, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state, and laboratory testing were analyzed.

Acquired onset of third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies in children and adolescents.

Purpose: To describe the causes of third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies in children and adolescents.

Methods: In this retrospective case series, a total of 66 patients aged 0-19 years with third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies seen in strabismus and neuro-ophthalmic practice from 2010 to 2017 were included. Causes of palsies were determined based on clinical assessment, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laboratory work-up.

Usefulness of Intravenous Gadolinium Inner Ear MR Imaging in Diagnosis of Ménière's Disease.

This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the intravenous gadolinium enhanced inner ear magnetic resonance imaging (IV-Gd inner ear MRI) in diagnosing Ménière's disease(MD) and find a correlation between the degree of endolymphatic hydrops(EH) and the audiovestibular tests. Total 29 patients diagnosed with unilateral definite MD were enrolled. All patients underwent IV-Gd inner ear MRI and auditory and vestibular function tests such as pure tone audiometry (PTA), electrocochleography (ECoG), cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and caloric test.

Radiomics features to distinguish glioblastoma from primary central nervous system lymphoma on multi-parametric MRI.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of using high dimensional computer-extracted features, known as radiomics features, in differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) from glioblastoma on multi-parametric MR imaging including diffusion-weighted imaging.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of data was approved by the local ethics committee and informed consent was waived. A total of 143 patients (two independent cohorts for discovery [n = 86; glioblastoma = 49, PCNSL = 37] and validation [n = 57; glioblastoma = 29, PCNSL = 28]) with newly diagnosed glioblastoma and PCNSL were subjected to radiomics analysis using the multi-parametric MRI (contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging).

Diffusion radiomics as a diagnostic model for atypical manifestation of primary central nervous system lymphoma: development and multicenter external validation.

Background: Radiomics is a rapidly growing field in neuro-oncology, but studies have been limited to conventional MRI, and external validation is critically lacking. We evaluated technical feasibility, diagnostic performance, and generalizability of a diffusion radiomics model for identifying atypical primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) mimicking glioblastoma.

Methods: A total of 1618 radiomics features were extracted from diffusion and conventional MRI from 112 patients (training set, 70 glioblastomas and 42 PCNSLs).

Morphological correlation between caloric tests and vestibular hydrops in Ménière's disease using intravenous Gd enhanced inner ear MRI.

The purpose of this study was to prove the hypothesis that caloric response in Ménière's disease (MD) is reduced by hydropic expansion of the vestibular labyrinth, not by vestibular hypofunction, by evaluating the correlation morphologically using an intravenous Gadolinium (IV-Gd) inner ear MRI. In study I, the prevalence of abnormal video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) results among the patients with definite unilateral MD (n = 24) and vestibular neuritis (VN) (n = 22) were investigated. All patients showed abnormal canal paresis (CP) (> 26%) on caloric tests.

Plunging Ranulas Revisited: A CT Study with Emphasis on a Defect of the Mylohyoid Muscle as the Primary Route of Lesion Propagation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the pathogenesis of plunging ranulas in regard of the pathway of lesion propagation using CT scans.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed CT scans of 41 patients with plunging ranula. We divided plunging ranulas into two types: type 1 was defined as those directly passing through a defect of the mylohyoid muscle with the presence (type 1A) or absence (type 1B) of the tail sign and type 2 as those through the traditional posterior route along the free edge of the mylohyoid muscle.

Development of microsatellite markers to genetically differentiate populations of Octopus minor from Korea and China.

Of the more than 300 octopus species, Octopus minor is one of the most popular and economically important species in Eastern Asia, including Korea, along with O. vulgaris, O. ocellatus, and O.

Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009-30 November 2009.

This article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Anopheles lesteri, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Branchiostoma japonicum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Colias behrii, Coryphopterus personatus, Cynogolssus semilaevis, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Metrioptera roeselii, Myrmeciza exsul, Ochotona thibetana, Neosartorya fischeri, Nothofagus pumilio, Onychodactylus fischeri, Phoenicopterus roseus, Salvia officinalis L., Scylla paramamosain, Silene latifo, Sula sula, and Vulpes vulpes.