Early Origins of Asthma and Allergies: Clues From Studies in China.

Asthma and allergies have emerged as some of the most common chronic diseases, particularly in developed countries. Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that children growing up in farming/rural environments are less likely to develop these conditions. Over the past three decades, China has experienced unprecedented economic development and urbanisation, accompanied by a rapid rise in the prevalence of allergic disorders.

Engagement, user satisfaction, and the amplification of divisive content on social media.

Social media ranking algorithms typically optimize for users' revealed preferences, i.e. user engagement such as clicks, shares, and likes.

Research progress of β-xylosidase in green synthesis.

β-Xylosidase, an important hydrolase, catalyzes the degradation of xylan and xylosides, demonstrating significant potential for applications in biomass conversion and green synthesis. In recent years, with the rise of green chemistry, research on β-xylosidase in sustainable chemical synthesis has garnered increasing attention. Lignocellulosic biomass, a readily available and sustainable natural resource, requires the involvement of β-xylosidase for the production of biofuels.

Improved Microbubble Tracking for Super-Resolution Ultrasound Localization Microscopy using a Bi-Directional Long Short-term Memory Neural Network.

Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) enabled high-accuracy measurements of microvessel flow beyond the resolution limit of conventional ultrasound imaging by utilizing contrast microbubbles (MBs) as point targets. Robust tracking of MBs is an essential task for fast and high-quality ULM image reconstruction. Existing MB tracking methods suffer from challenging imaging scenarios such as high-density MB distributions, fast blood flow, and complex flow dynamics.

Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of the gene family in response to salt and drought stress in alfalfa ().

The microfilament cytoskeleton, formed by the process of actin polymerization, serves not only to support the morphology of the cell, but also to regulate a number of cellular activities. Actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) represent a significant class of actin-binding proteins that regulate the dynamic alterations in the microfilament framework, thereby playing a pivotal role in plant growth and development. Additionally, they are instrumental in modulating stress responses in plants.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Postoperative Stress Hyperglycemia in Patients without Diabetes Following Cardiac Surgery.

Background: To systematically evaluate risk factors for stress-induced hyperglycemia in patients without diabetes after cardiac surgery.

Methods: Databases including CNKI, WanFang data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched using computer retrieval. The data were subjected to an in-depth meta-analysis using RevMan 5.

Effect of Different Harvest Time and Microwave Aging on Aroma Characteristics of Japanese Apricot Wine.

The aroma and nutrition of Japanese apricot fruit change continuously as the fruit ripens. The differences in fruit aroma and nutrition can affect the resulting wine, which is produced by steeping the Japanese apricot fruit. In this study, we used HS-SPME-GC-MS to examine the aromatic compositions of Japanese apricot fruit and wine produced from its macerated fruit at different levels of ripeness.

Combined Nanodrops Imaging and Ultrasound Localization Microscopy for Detecting Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Objective: Advanced imaging methods are crucial for understanding stroke mechanisms and discovering effective treatments to reduce bleeding and enhance recovery. In pre-clinical in vivo stroke imaging, MRI, CT and optical imaging are commonly used to evaluate stroke outcomes in rodent models. However, MRI and CT have limited spatial resolution for rodent brains, and optical imaging is hindered by limited imaging depth of penetration.

Mowing facilitated Pb accumulation in bermudagrass by mediating root radial transport.

Moderate mowing of the shoot is an effective strategy for improving Pb-contaminated soil remediation using bermudagrass. However, the mechanisms by which mowing facilitates Pb uptake and accumulation remain insufficiently understood. Root radial transport is critical in efficient heavy metal uptake and translocation in plants and is influenced by root physiological-biochemical characteristics.

Boron Clusters Escort Doxorubicin Squashing Into Exosomes and Overcome Drug Resistance.

Exosome-based drug delivery holds significant promise for cancer chemotherapy. However, current methods for loading drugs into exosomes are inefficient and cost-prohibitive for practical application. In this study, boron clusters are mixed with doxorubicin (DOX) and exosomes, enabling the efficient encapsulation of DOX into exosomes through a superchaotropic effect.

Ultra-small Metallic Nickel Nanoparticles on Dealuminated Zeolite for Active and Durable Catalytic Dehydrogenation.

Each step in the catalyst synthesis process plays an important role in tuning the catalyst structures. For zeolite-supported nickel catalysts, we found the conventional calcination-reduction method typically leads to the formation of large nickel particles, but a pre-aging in hydrogen or nitrogen at a low temperature prior to final reduction can result in ultra-small nickel nanoparticles in a metallic state. This pre-aging treatment facilitates the interaction between Ni cations and silanol nests on zeolite before the decomposition of the metal salt, leading to the formation of nanoparticles with an average diameter of ~1.

IMPC-based screening revealed that can regulate osteoporosis by inhibiting osteogenic differentiation.

Introduction: The utilization of denosumab in treating osteoporosis highlights promising prospects for osteoporosis intervention guided by gene targets. While omics-based research into osteoporosis pathogenesis yields a plethora of potential gene targets for clinical transformation, identifying effective gene targets has posed challenges.

Methods: We first queried the omics data of osteoporosis clinical samples on PubMed, used International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) to screen differentially expressed genes, and conducted preliminary functional verification of candidate genes in human Saos2 cells through osteogenic differentiation and mineralization experiments.

An updated overview of the search for biomarkers of osteoporosis based on human proteomics.

Unlabelled: Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic disease that increases bone fragility and, leads to severe osteoporotic fractures. In recent years, the use of high-throughput omics to explore physiological and pathological biomarkers related to bone metabolism has gained popularity. In this review, we first briefly review the technical approaches of proteomics.

Capillary-scale Microvessel Imaging with High-frequency Ultrasound Localization Microscopy in Mouse Brain.

Ultrasound localization microscopy is a super-resolution vascular imaging technique which has garnered substantial interest as a tool for small animal neuroimaging, neuroscience research, and the characterization of vascular pathologies. In the pursuit of increasingly high-fidelity reconstructions of microvasculature, there remains several outstanding questions concerning this sub-diffraction imaging technology, including the accurate reconstruction of microvessels approaching the capillary scale and the pragmatic challenges associated with long data acquisition times. In the context of small animal neurovascular imaging, we posit that increasing the ultrasound imaging frequency is a straightforward approach to enable higher concentrations of microbubble contrast agents, thus increasing the likelihood of microvascular/capillary mapping and decreasing the imaging duration.

Sediment grain size regulates the biogeochemical processes of nitrate in the riparian zone by influencing nutrient concentrations and microbial abundance.

Riparian zones play a crucial role in reducing nitrate pollution in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Complex deposition action and dynamic hydrological processes will change the grain size distribution of riparian sediments, affect the residence time of substances, and have a cascade effect on the biogeochemical process of nitrate nitrogen (NO-N). However, simultaneous studies on NO-N transformation and the potential drivers in riparian zones are still lacking, especially neglecting the effect of sediment grain size (SGS).

Optimization of fungal secondary metabolites production via response surface methodology coupled with multi-parameter optimized artificial neural network model.

Filamentous fungi's secondary metabolites (SMs) possess significant application owing to their distinct structure and diverse bioactivities, yet their restricted yield levels often hinder further research and application. The study developed a response surface methodology-artificial neural network (RSM-ANN) strategy with multi-parameter optimizations of the ANN model to optimize medium for the production of two high-value fungal SMs, echinocandin E and paraherquamide A. Multi-parameter optimization of the ANN model was achieved through stratifying experimental data, fully adjusting neural network internals, and evaluating metaheuristic algorithms for optimal initial weights and biases.

Spatial-temporal variations of sediment transport rate and driving factors in Shule River Basin, northwest China.

The sediment content and transport rate of rivers are crucial indicators reflecting soil erosion, water quality, and water resource management in a region. Studying changes in river sediment transport rates within a basin is essential for evaluating water quality, restoring water ecosystems, and implementing soil and water conservation measures. This study focused on the Shule River Basin and utilized various methods such as moving average, cumulative anomaly, Mann-Kendall mutation test, Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend test, Sen's slope estimation, Correlation analysis, wavelet analysis, R/S analysis, ARCGIS10.

Intravascular elimination of circulating tumor cells and cascaded embolization with multifunctional 3D tubular scaffolds.

The primary tumor ("root") and circulating tumor cells (CTCs; "seeds") are vital factors in tumor progression. However, current treatment strategies mainly focus on inhibiting the tumor while ignoring CTCs, resulting in tumor metastasis. Here, we design a multifunctional 3D scaffold with interconnected macropores, excellent photothermal ability and perfect bioaffinity as a blood vessel implantable device.

Exciton Dissociation and Recombination Afford Narrowband Organic Afterglow Through Efficient FRET.

Organic afterglow with long-persistent luminescence (LPL) after photoexcitation is highly attractive, but the realization of narrowband afterglow with small full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) is a huge challenge since it is intrinsically contradictory to the triplet- and solid-state emission nature of organic afterglow. Here, narrow-band, long-lived, and full-color organic LPL is realized by isolating multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescent (MR-TADF) fluorophores in a glassy steroid-type host through a facile melt-cooling treatment. Such prepared host becomes capable of exciton dissociation and recombination (EDR) upon photoirradiation for both long-lived fluorescence and phosphorescence; and, the efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the host to various MR-TADF emitters leads to high-performance LPL, exhibiting small FWHM of 33 nm, long persistent time over 10 s, and facile color-tuning in a wide range from deep-blue to orange (414-600 nm).

Comparative evaluation of adverse drug reactions for tenofovir alafenamide and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate using the FAERS Database: a disproportionality analysis.

Background: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are widely used nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), necessitating a thorough understanding of their safety profiles to ensure optimal patient care and treatment adherence.

Methods: We employed statistical methods including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-Item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS) to compare and evaluate the safety profiles of these NRTIs.

Results: TAF was significantly associated with weight increase (ROR: 6.

The influence of body fat content and distribution on bone mass in healthy Chinese adults.

Background: Previous studies have reported a close relationship between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD). However, the effects of fat on bone mass remain controversial, particularly for fat tissue distribution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between regional fat percentage and BMD using a population-based database.