Increased risk of malignancy and osteoporosis in primary Sjögren's syndrome with thyroid diseases: potential implication from T cells.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of thyroid diseases (TD) on the comorbidities incidence and immune system of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).

Methods: A total of 329 patients diagnosed with pSS who were admitted between January 2018 and September 2023 were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups: those with and without TD.

LLMs and generative agent-based models for complex systems research.

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers to transform research across natural and social sciences, offering new paradigms for understanding complex systems. In particular, Generative Agent-Based Models (GABMs), which integrate LLMs to simulate human behavior, have attracted increasing public attention due to their potential to model complex interactions in a wide range of artificial environments. This paper briefly reviews the disruptive role LLMs are playing in fields such as network science, evolutionary game theory, social dynamics, and epidemic modeling.

Replicator-mutator dynamics with evolutionary public goods game-environmental feedbacks.

Feedback loops between strategies and the environment are commonly observed in socio-ecological, evolution-ecological, and psychology-economic systems. However, the impact of mutations in these feedback processes is often overlooked. This study proposes a novel model that integrates the public goods game with environmental feedback, considering the presence of mutations.

Evolution of cooperation on reinforcement-learning driven-adaptive networks.

Complex networks are widespread in real-world environments across diverse domains. Real-world networks tend to form spontaneously through interactions between individual agents. Inspired by this, we design an evolutionary game model in which agents participate in a prisoner's dilemma game (PDG) with their neighboring agents.

Understanding the role of neutral species by means of high-order interaction in the rock-paper-scissors dynamics.

The existence of neutral species carries profound ecological implications that warrant further investigation. In this paper, we study the impact of neutral species on biodiversity in a spatial tritrophic system of cyclic competition, in which the neutral species are identified as the fourth species that may affect the competition process of the other three species under the rock-paper-scissors (RPS) rule. Extensive simulations showed that neutral species can promote coexistence in a high mobility regime within the system.

Reinforcement learning relieves the vaccination dilemma.

The main goal of this paper is to study how a decision-making rule for vaccination can affect epidemic spreading by exploiting the Bush-Mosteller (BM) model, one of the methodologies in reinforcement learning in artificial intelligence (AI), which can realize the systematic process of learning in humans, on complex networks. We consider the BM model with two stages-vaccination and epidemiological processes-and address two independent rules about fixed loss consideration and average payoff of neighbors to update agent's vaccination behavior for various stimuli, such as loss of payoffs and environments during the vaccination process. Higher sensitivity not only favors higher vaccination coverage rates but also delays the transition point in relative vaccination costs when transitioning from full vaccination (inoculation level 1) to incomplete vaccination (inoculation level less than 1).

Assessing the medical resources in COVID-19 based on evolutionary game.

COVID-19 has brought a great challenge to the medical system. A key scientific question is how to make a balance between home quarantine and staying in the hospital. To this end, we propose a game-based susceptible-exposed-asymptomatic -symptomatic- hospitalized-recovery-dead model to reveal such a situation.

Effects of species vigilance on coexistence in evolutionary dynamics of spatial rock-paper-scissors game.

Recognizing surrounding situations, such as enemy attacks, which can be realized by predator-prey relationships, is one of the common behaviors of the population in ecosystems. In this paper, we explore the relationship between such species' behavior and biodiversity in the spatial rock-paper-scissors game by employing the ecological concept "vigilance." In order to describe the vigilance process, we adopt a multiplex structure where two distinct layers describe virtual and physical interactions.

Enhancing coexistence of mobile species in the cyclic competition system by wildlife refuge.

We investigate evolving dynamics of cyclically competing species on spatially extended systems with considering a specific region, which is called the "wildlife refuge," one of the institutional ways to preserve species biodiversity. Through Monte-Carlo simulations, we found that the refuge can play not groundbreaking but an important role in species survival. Species coexistence is maintained at a moderate mobility regime, which traditionally leads to the collapse of coexistence, and eventually, the extinction is postponed depending on the competition rate rather than the portion of the refuge.

The effect of territorial awareness in a three-species cyclic predator-prey model.

Recognizing territories is essential to decide behavior of population either human or animals, and interaction between groups or individuals according to the territorial awareness is universal. Understanding various mechanisms which affect on such species behaviors can be possible by evolutionary games, and in particular, the rock-paper-scissors (RPS) game has been played a key role as a paradigmatic model to explore biodiversity from microbiota to societies. Among paramount mechanisms in systems of RPS, the role of intraspecific interaction has been recently noted in terms of promoting biodiversity.

Effect of vaccine efficacy on disease transmission with age-structured.

Recent outbreaks of novel infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19, H2N3) have highlighted the threat of pathogen transmission, and vaccination offers a necessary tool to relieve illness.

A three-arm, multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial of hydroxychloroquine and low-dose prednisone to treat recurrent pregnancy loss in women with undifferentiated connective tissue diseases: protocol for the Immunosuppressant regimens for LIving FEtuses (ILIFE) trial.

Background: Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) is known to induce adverse pregnancy outcomes and even recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) by placental vascular damage and inflammation activation. Anticoagulation can prevent pregnancy morbidities. However, it is unknown whether the addition of immune suppressants to anticoagulation can prevent spontaneous pregnancy loss in UCTD patients.

Melatonin prevents endothelial dysfunction in SLE by activating the nuclear receptor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-α.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease confers significant morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A substantial proportion of patients with SLE display accelerated endothelial dysfunction, which precedes cardiovascular disease. Melatonin and its nuclear receptor retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) have been reported to have some protective effects on the development of atherosclerosis.