Advancing EGFR mutation subtypes prediction in NSCLC by combining 3D pretrained ConvNeXt, radiomics, and clinical features.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a novel approach for predicting the expression status of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and its subtypes in patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) using a Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN) ConvNeXt, radiomics features and clinical features.

Materials And Methods: A total of 732 NSCLC patients with available CT imaging and EGFR expression data were included in this retrospective study. The region of interest (ROI) was manually segmented, and clinicopathological features were collected.

A practical approach to quantitative analytical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Many of the features of SERS, such as its high sensitivity, molecular specificity and speed of analysis make it attractive as an analytical technique. However, SERS currently remains a specialist technique which has not yet entered the mainstream of analytical chemistry. Therefore, this review draws out the underlying principles for analytical SERS and provides practical tips and tricks for SERS quantitation.

Performance of novel multiparametric second-generation dual-layer spectral detector CT in gouty arthritis.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the performance of different dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) technologies in detecting monosodium urate (MSU) crystals and evaluate the potential clinical value of novel second-generation dual-layer spectral detector CT (dlDECT) in gouty arthritis.

Methods: Using data collected from a tertiary hospital, we examined the diagnostic accuracy of different DECT technologies for the diagnosis of MSU. We used two standards: (1) demonstration of MSU crystals in synovial fluid (gold) and (2) 2015 ACR/EULAR gout classification criteria (silver).

New strategy of LI-RADS v2018 to improve the sensitivity for small hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 3.0 cm on extracellular-contrast enhanced MRI.

Introduction: We aimed to modify LI-RADS version 2018 to improve sensitivity and determine the value of the combination of high alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels for small HCC (sHCC, ≤ 30 mm) diagnosis.

Methods: A total of 984 patients at high risk for HCC, with 1204 observations (including 997 small observations ≤ 30 mm), who underwent extracellular contrast-enhanced MRI were enrolled from five independent centers. Blinded readers evaluated the LI-RADS features and categorized each observation according to the LI-RADS v2018, modified LI-RADS and EASL.

Differentiation of pathological subtypes and Ki-67 and TTF-1 expression by dual-energy CT (DECT) volumetric quantitative analysis in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: To explore the value of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in differentiating pathological subtypes and the expression of immunohistochemical markers Ki-67 and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Between July 2022 and May 2024, patients suspected of lung cancer who underwent two-phase contrast-enhanced DECT were prospectively recruited. Whole-tumor volumetric and conventional spectral analysis were utilized to measure DECT parameters in the arterial and venous phase.

Analysis of the risk factors of the radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study.

To analyze the related factors of radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) to identify the risk factors and their clinical significance. This retrospective cohort study included 707 NPC patients. They had undergone conventional and enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Impact on Image Quality and Diagnostic Performance of Dual-Layer Detector Spectral CT for Pulmonary Subsolid Nodules: Comparison With Hybrid and Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction.

Objective: To evaluate the image quality and diagnostic performance of pulmonary subsolid nodules on conventional iterative algorithms, virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs), and electron density mapping (EDM) using a dual-layer detector spectral CT (DLSCT).

Methods: This retrospective study recruited 270 patients who underwent DLSCT scan for lung nodule screening or follow-up. All CT examinations with subsolid nodules (pure ground-glass nodules [GGNs] or part-solid nodules) were reconstructed with hybrid and model-based iterative reconstruction, VMI at 40, 70, 100, and 130 keV levels, and EDM.

Prediction of histologic grade of hepatocellular carcinoma using dual-layer spectral-detector computed tomography (CT): comparison of two region of interest plotting methods.

Background: Multi-parameter imaging technology, which is based on substance separation, helps to predict the pathological grade of tumors. When using dual-layer spectral-detector computed tomography (DLCT) to quantify tumor properties, different methods of placing regions of interest (ROIs) directly impact the measurement of parameters, thus affecting the clinical diagnosis of lesions. Consequently, in this study, we aimed to compare the performance of 2 different ROI plotting methods on DLCT in differentiating the histologic grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Radiotherapy-sensitized cancer immunotherapy via cGAS-STING immune pathway by activatable nanocascade reaction.

Radiotherapy-induced immune activation holds great promise for optimizing cancer treatment efficacy. Here, we describe a clinically used radiosensitizer hafnium oxide (HfO) that was core coated with a MnO shell followed by a glucose oxidase (GOx) doping nanoplatform (HfO@MnO@GOx, HMG) to trigger ferroptosis adjuvant effects by glutathione depletion and reactive oxygen species production. This ferroptosis cascade potentiation further sensitized radiotherapy by enhancing DNA damage in 4T1 breast cancer tumor cells.

Glymphatic abnormality in systemic lupus erythematosus detected by diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the activity of the glymphatic system in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by a diffusion-based method termed "Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis aLong the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS)", and examined its correlations with morphological changes in the brain.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, forty-five female patients with SLE and thirty healthy controls (HCs) were included. Voxel-based and surface-based morphometric analyses were performed to examine T1 weighted images, and diffusion tensor images were acquired to determine diffusivity along the x-, y-, and z-axes in the plane of the lateral ventricle body.

A mesoporous superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle as a generic drug delivery system for tumor ferroptosis therapy.

As a famous drug delivery system (DDS), mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MON) are degraded slowly in vivo and the degraded components are not useful for cell nutrition or cancer theranostics, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are not mesoporous with low drug loading content (DLC). To overcome the problems of MON and SPION, we developed mesoporous SPIONs (MSPIONs) with an average diameter of 70 nm and pore size of 3.9 nm.

Differentiating the Invasiveness of Lung Adenocarcinoma Manifesting as Ground Glass Nodules: Combination of Dual-energy CT Parameters and Quantitative-semantic Features.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT (DECT) parameters and quantitative-semantic features for differentiating the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma manifesting as ground glass nodules (GGNs).

Materials And Methods: Between June 2022 and September 2023, 69 patients with 74 surgically resected GGNs who underwent DECT examinations were included. CT numbers on virtual monochromatic images were calculated at 40-130 keV generated from DECT.

MRI-Guided Tumor Therapy Based on Synergy of Ferroptosis, Immunosuppression Reversal and Disulfidptosis.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells have a high demand for oxygen and glucose to fuel their growth and spread, shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can lead to a weakened immune system by hypoxia and increased risk of metastasis. To disrupt this vicious circle and improve cancer therapeutic efficacy, a strategy is proposed with the synergy of ferroptosis, immunosuppression reversal and disulfidptosis. An intelligent nanomedicine GOx-IA@HMON@IO is successfully developed to realize this strategy.

Cancer Radiosensitization Nanoagent to Activate cGAS-STING Pathway for Molecular Imaging Guided Synergistic Radio/Chemo/Immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has emerged as an innovative strategy with the potential to improve outcomes in cancer patients. Recent evidence indicates that radiation-induced DNA damage can activate the cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway to enhance the antitumor immune response. Even so, only a small fraction of patients currently benefits from radioimmunotherapy due to the radioresistance and the inadequate activation of the cGAS-STING pathway.

Potassium-Promoted Limestone for Preferential Direct Hydrogenation of Carbonates in Integrated CO Capture and Utilization.

Integrated CO capture and utilization (ICCU) via the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction offers a particularly promising route for converting diluted CO into CO using renewable H. Current ICCU-RWGS processes typically involve a gas-gas catalytic reaction whose efficiency is inherently limited by the Le Chatelier principle and side reactions. Here, we show a highly efficient ICCU process based on gas-solid carbonate hydrogenation using K promoted CaO (K-CaO) as a dual functional sorbent and catalyst.

Comprehensive assessment of immune context and immunotherapy response via noninvasive imaging in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUNDThe tumor immune microenvironment can provide prognostic and therapeutic information. We aimed to develop noninvasive imaging biomarkers from computed tomography (CT) for comprehensive evaluation of immune context and investigate their associations with prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastric cancer (GC).METHODSThis study involved 2,600 patients with GC from 9 independent cohorts.

Non-invasive CT imaging biomarker to predict immunotherapy response in gastric cancer: a multicenter study.

Background: Despite remarkable benefits have been provided by immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastric cancer (GC), predictions of treatment response and prognosis remain unsatisfactory, making identifying biomarkers desirable. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a CT imaging biomarker to predict the immunotherapy response in patients with GC and investigate the associated immune infiltration patterns.

Methods: This retrospective study included 294 GC patients who received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy from three independent medical centers between January 2017 and April 2022.

Kilogram-Scale Synthesis of Extremely Small Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles as a T-Weighted Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents are frequently used in clinics to enhance the contrast between diseased and normal tissues. The previously reported poly(acrylic acid) stabilized exceedingly small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (ES-GdON-PAA) overcame the problems of commercial Gd chelates, but limitations still exist, i.e.

The Application of Biochar for CO Capture: Influence of Biochar Preparation and CO Capture Reactors.

This work investigates three types of biochar (bamboo charcoal, wood pellet, and coconut shell) for postcombustion carbon capture. Each biochar is structurally modified through physical (HO, CO) and chemical (ZnCl, KOH, HPO) activation to improve carbon capture performance. Three methods (CO adsorption isotherms, CO fixed-bed adsorption, and thermogravimetric analysis) are used to determine the CO adsorption capacity.

An AND Logic Gate for Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-Guided Ferroptosis Therapy of Tumors.

To improve the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) efficiency and ferroptosis therapy efficacy of exceedingly small magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IO, <5 nm) for tumors via enhancing the sensitivity of tumor microenvironment (TME) responsiveness, inspired by molecular logic gates, a self-assembled IO with an AND logic gate function is designed and constructed. Typically, cystamine (CA) is conjugated onto the end of poly(2-methylthio-ethanol methacrylate) (PMEMA) to generate PMEMA-CA. The PMEMA-CA is grafted onto the surface of brequinar (BQR)-loaded IO to form IO-BQR@PMEMA.

Biology-guided deep learning predicts prognosis and cancer immunotherapy response.

Substantial progress has been made in using deep learning for cancer detection and diagnosis in medical images. Yet, there is limited success on prediction of treatment response and outcomes, which has important implications for personalized treatment strategies. A significant hurdle for clinical translation of current data-driven deep learning models is lack of interpretability, often attributable to a disconnect from the underlying pathobiology.

Exceedingly Small Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for T -Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Imaging-Guided Therapy of Tumors.

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) based T -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) are liver-specific with good biocompatibility, but have been withdrawn from the market and replaced with Eovist (Gd-EOB-DTPA) due to their inherent limitations (e.g., susceptibility to artifacts, high magnetic moment, dark signals, long processing time of T imaging, and long waiting time for patients after administration).