The effect of squats on muscle activity in standing, kneeling, and half-kneeling positions: A cross-sectional study.

Kneeling and half-kneeling training are common positions used in physical therapy. however, research on lower extremity muscle activity is lacking compared to the ergonomic aspects and trunk muscle activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects on lower extremity muscle activity during squats in kneeling and half-kneeling positions.

Effect of lower limb resistance exercise with abdominal draw-in on stroke survivors: A pilot study.

Background: Evidence-based guidelines are needed to inform rehabilitation practice including the effect of non-paralytic lower limb resistance exercise with abdominal drawing-in technique (ADIM) on recovery of trunk control, balance and daily living after stroke survivors.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of trunk control strengthening performed in non-paralytic lower limb resistance exercise with ADIM on trunk control, balance, daily living in stroke survivors.

Methods: The 24 participants with stroke were randomly divided into three groups: lower limb resistance exercise group (LRAG; n = 8), lower limb exercise group (LAG; n = 8), and control group (CG; n = 8).

The effects of visual information deprivation and feedback balance training on balance in patients with stroke.

Background: Patients with stroke depend on visual information due to balance deficits. Therefore, it is believed that appropriate visual deprivation training could have an impact on improving balance abilities.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of balance training performed in visual deprivation and feedback conditions on balance in stroke survivors.

Task-Oriented Training with Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver in Sitting Position for Trunk Control, Balance, and Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

In many patients with stroke, trunk stabilization and balance are decreased. Trunk stabilization and balance are important to perform posture control and functional movement. This study investigates the effects of task-orientated training with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver in a sitting position on trunk control, balance, and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke.

Effectiveness of backward walking with functional electrical stimulation on the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior for patients with chronic stroke.

Background: Backward walking is considered as a newly rising method used to enhance gait abilities, but evidence remains unclear.

Objective: To identify whether backward walking with functional electrical stimulation (FES) triggered by a foot switch on the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior could be effective in improving gait parameters of stroke survivors.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included fourteen subjects with chronic stroke.

The effects of treadmill training with visual feedback and rhythmic auditory cue on gait and balance in chronic stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Many stroke patients show reduced walking abilities, characterized by asymmetric walking patterns. For such patients, restoration of walking symmetry is important.

Objective: This study investigates the effect of treadmill training with visual feedback and rhythmic auditory cue (VF+RAC) for walking symmetry on spatiotemporal gait parameters and balance abilities.

The effects of robot-assisted gait training using virtual reality and auditory stimulation on balance and gait abilities in persons with stroke.

Background: Robot-assisted gait training provide a big therapeutic advantage in functional mobility for postural control.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was investigate the effects of robot-assisted gait training using virtual reality and auditory stimulation on balance and gait abilities in stroke patients.

Methods: All subjects were randomly divided into three groups where twelve subjects were in the Virtual reality robot-assisted gait training group (VRGT), twelve subjects in the auditory stimulation robot-assisted gait training group (ARGT), and sixteen subjects in the control group.

Influence of visual feedback and rhythmic auditory cue on walking of chronic stroke patient induced by treadmill walking in real-time basis.

Background: Many patients who have suffered from a stroke show decreased walking ability, characterized by asymmetric gait. For such patients, the recovery of symmetry in walking is important.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of visual feedback with rhythmic auditory cue on treadmill gait in persons with chronic stroke.

Structural, Spectroscopic, and Theoretical Investigation of a T-Shaped [Fe(μ-O)] Cluster.

The synthesis, X-ray crystal and electronic structures of [Fe(μ-O)(mpmae)(OAc) Cl], 1, where mpmae-H = 2-(N-methyl-N-((pyridine-2-yl)methyl)amino)ethanol, are described. This cluster comprises three high-spin ferric ions and exhibits a T-shaped site topology. Variable-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance measurements performed on single crystals of 1 demonstrate a total spin S = 5/2 ground state, characterized by a small, negative, and nearly axial zero-field splitting tensor D = -0.

The effects of performing a one-legged bridge with hip abduction and use of a sling on trunk and lower extremity muscle activation in healthy adults.

[Purpose] This study investigated the changes in the muscle activities of the trunk and lower limbs of healthy adults during a one-legged bridge exercise using a sling, and with the addition of hip abduction. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-seven healthy individuals participated in this study (14 males and 13 females). The participants were instructed to perform the bridge exercises under five different conditions.

The effects of electromyography-triggered electrical stimulation on shoulder subluxation, muscle activation, pain, and function in persons with stroke: A pilot study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of task-oriented electromyography-triggered stimulation for shoulder subluxation, muscle activation, pain and upper extremity function in hemiparetic stroke patients.

Methods: Twenty participants with subacute hemiparetic stroke were recruited for this study and were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). Subjects in the experimental group participated in task-oriented electromyography triggered stimulation for 30 minutes, five times a week for four weeks, whereas the control group received cyclic functional electrical stimulation for 30 minutes, five times a week for four weeks.

Effects of the height of shoe heels on muscle activation of cervical and lumbar spine in healthy women.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different height of high heels on muscle activation of the paraspinalis cervicis and erector spinae in healthy young women. [Subjects and Methods] Thirteen healthy women were recruited in this study. To examine the effects of different heights of heels on muscle activation, the paraspinalis cervicis (cervical spine) and erector spinae (lumbar spine) were measured at the time of heel strike and toe off during gait on three different conditions (barefoot, 4 cm high heels, and 10 cm high heels).

Effects of scapular stabilization exercise on neck posture and muscle activation in individuals with neck pain and forward head posture.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of scapular stabilization exercise on neck posture, muscle activity, pain, and quality of life in individuals with neck pain and forward head posture. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen participants were recruited according to the selection criteria and were randomly allocated to the scapular stabilization group (n=8) and the control group (n=7). The scapular stabilization group underwent training for 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 4 weeks; the control group performed relaxation exercises for 4 weeks.

Treadmill Training with Virtual Reality Improves Gait, Balance, and Muscle Strength in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Independent walking is an important goal of clinical and community-based rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Virtual reality-based rehabilitation therapy is effective in motivating children with CP. This study investigated the effects of treadmill training with virtual reality on gait, balance, muscular strength, and gross motor function in children with CP.

Maximal lateral reaching distance on the affected side using the multi-directional reach test in persons with stroke.

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the relationship between maximal lateral reaching distance on the affected side and weight shifting using the Multi-directional Reach Test in persons with stoke. [Subjects] Fifty-one chronic stroke participants were recruited from two rehabilitation hospitals. This study administered the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up-and-Go, Trunk Impairment Scale, Modified Barthel Index and measured different maximal reaching distances.

Test-retest reliability of the Quebec user evaluation of satisfaction with assistive technology 2.0-Korean version for individuals with spinal cord injury.

[Purpose] The study purpose was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology 2.0-Korean version (QUEST-K) for individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury. [Subjects and Methods] Seventy participants with spinal cord injury were enrolled in this study.

Treadmill gait training combined with functional electrical stimulation on hip abductor and ankle dorsiflexor muscles for chronic hemiparesis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill training (TT) with functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the gluteus medius (GM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles on gait and balance performance in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Thirty-six participants with chronic hemiparesis were recruited to this study and randomly distributed into three groups: TT with FES applied to the GM and TA muscles (TTFES-GM+TA group, 12 patients); TT with FES applied to the TA muscle (TTFES-TA group, 12 patients); and TT only (control group, 12 patients). All participants underwent 20 sessions of TT with a harness (30min five times per week for 4 weeks).

The effect of foot position on erector spinae and gluteus maximus muscle activation during sit-to-stand performed by chronic stroke patients.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to use surface electromyography (EMG) to investigate the effects of different foot positioning on bilateral erector spinae (ES) and gluteus maximus (GM) activation during sit-to-stand performed by individuals with stroke. [Subjects] Fifteen randomly selected participants with stroke were enrolled in this study. [Methods] All the participants were asked to perform sit-to-stand (STS) using three different strategies: (1) symmetric foot position, (2) unaffected foot placed behind the affected foot position (asymmetric-1), (3) affected foot placed behind the unaffected foot position (asymmetric-2).

Intensive gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke: a pilot randomized controlled study.

Background: Motor relearning protocols should involve task-oriented movement, focused attention, and repetition of desired movements.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of intensive gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation on postural control and gait performance in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke.

Methods: Twenty patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke participated in this study.

Effects of gait training with a cane and an augmented pressure sensor for enhancement of weight bearing over the affected lower limb in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gait training when using a cane with an augmented pressure sensor for enhancement of weight-bearing over the affected lower limb on the peak pressure force of the cane, muscle activation, and gait in patients with stroke.

Design: Randomized controlled pilot study.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation center.

Therapeutic effect of functional electrical stimulation-triggered gait training corresponding gait cycle for stroke.

The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the gluteus medius and tibialis anterior muscles during the gait cycle in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. Eighteen patients who had suffered a stroke were enrolled in this study. The participants were divided into either the gluteus medius and tibialis anterior (GM + TA) training group (n = 9) or the control group (n = 9).

The Influence of an Unstable Surface on Trunk and Lower Extremity Muscle Activities during Variable Bridging Exercises.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of an unstable surface on trunk and lower extremity muscle activities during various types of bridging exercises. [Subjects] Thirty healthy female adults voluntarily participated in this study. [Methods] All subjects were asked to perform 3 different bridging exercises (bridging exercise, single leg lift bridging exercise, single leg cross bridging exercise) with and without an unstable surface.

Immediate effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation with tempo changes on gait in stroke patients.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tempo changes in rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on gait in stroke patients. [Subjects] Forty-one chronic stroke patients who had had a stroke with more than 6 months previously were recruited for this study. [Methods] All participants were asked to walk under 5 different conditions in random order: (1) no RAS (baseline); (2) baseline-matched RAS (0%); and (3) -10%, (4) +10%, and (5) +20% of the baseline.

Weight-shift training improves trunk control, proprioception, and balance in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke.

Trunk instability is one of main problems in survivors following stroke. We investigated the effects of weight-shift training (WST) on an unstable surface in sitting position on trunk control, proprioception, and balance in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Eighteen participants with chronic hemiparetic stroke were recruited and were allocated to either WST or control group.

Functional electrical stimulation applied to gluteus medius and tibialis anterior corresponding gait cycle for stroke.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the tibialis anterior and gluteus medius muscles on the improvement of the spatiotemporal parameters of gait in individuals with a hemiparetic stroke. Thirty-six patients who had suffered a hemiparesis post stroke were enrolled in this study. The participants walked at a self-selected velocity on three different FES applications: (1) FES-triggered gait on the gluteus medius in the stance phase and the tibialis anterior in the swing phase (GM+TA), (2) FES-triggered gait on the tibialis anterior in the swing phase (TA only), and (3) gait without FES-triggered (Non-FES).