Spatial‒temporal heterogeneities of liver cancer and the discovery of the invasive zone.

Solid tumours are intricate and highly heterogeneous ecosystems, which grow in and invade normal organs. Their progression is mediated by cancer cells' interaction with different cell types, such as immune cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells, and with the extracellular matrix. Owing to its high incidence, aggressive growth and resistance to local and systemic treatments, liver cancer has particularly high mortality rates worldwide.

The Role of Glutamine Synthetase on the Sensitivity to Radiotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between radiotherapy sensitivity, glutamine synthetase (GS), and oxidative stress (OS) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. HCC cells were X-ray irradiated, and the effect of glutamine synthetase inhibition on the proliferative capacity of HCC cells was examined using the CCK-8 colony formation assay. Real-time quantitative PCR assays were used to detect the effect of L-methionine sulfoximine (MSO) on cellular glutamine synthetase expression levels and the efficiency of glutamine synthetase knockdown in HepG2 cells.

LMSST-GCN: Longitudinal MRI sub-structural texture guided graph convolution network for improved progression prediction of knee osteoarthritis.

Background And Objectives: Accurate prediction of progression in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is significant for early personalized intervention. Previous methods commonly focused on quantifying features from a specific sub-structure imaged at baseline and resulted in limited performance. We proposed a longitudinal MRI sub-structural texture-guided graph convolution network (LMSST-GCN) for improved KOA progression prediction.

Multifunctional nanoparticles confers both multiple inflammatory mediators scavenging and macrophage polarization for sepsis therapy.

Sepsis is a serious and life-threatening condition, which can lead to organ failure and death clinically. Abnormally increased cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and inflammatory cytokines are involved in the development and progression of sepsis. Thus, cfDNA clearance and down-regulation of inflammatory factors are essential for the effective treatment of sepsis.

Xylem Hydraulics of Two Temperate Tree Species with Contrasting Growth Rates.

Hydraulic functionality is crucial for tree productivity and stress tolerance. According to the theory of the fast-slow economics spectrum, the adaptive strategies of different tree species diverge along a spectrum defined by coordination and trade-offs of a suite of functional traits. The fast- and slow-growing species are expected to differ in hydraulic efficiency and safety; however, there is still a lack of investigation on the mechanistic association between tree growth rate and tree hydraulic functionality.

Dynamic changes in serum albumin and ferritin indicate higher risk of early-onset peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to investigate the dynamic changes in serum albumin and ferritin as potential predictors for early-onset peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis (PDRP) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods: This retrospective study included 215 patients with end-stage renal disease who initiated PD at Huadong Hospital. Patients were followed up to 24 months, during which episodes of PDRP were recorded.

Green Carbon Dots/CaCO/Abamectin Colloidal Pesticide Formulation for Safer and More Effective Pest Management.

An ideal green leaf-deposited pesticide formulation should offer advantages such as good water dispersibility, strong foliar affinity, sustained or controlled release of active ingredients, photostability and rain-fastness, minimal nontarget toxicity, use of nontoxic organic solvents, and degradable adjuvants. In line with this objective, we present green preparation of a colloidal pesticide formulation using optimized lysine-derived carbon dots (LysCDs)-modified CaCO (LysCDs/CaCO) particles as the carrier and abamectin (Abm) as the active ingredient. The loading capacity of abamectin in this colloidal pesticide (LysCDs/CaCO/Abm) is 1.

Optimization of P-electrode structures to enhance current spreading uniformity in micro-LEDs.

In this study, we designed and fabricated parallel-connected green micro-LEDs with three different P-electrode configurations: rounded (Sample A), cross-shaped (Sample B), and circular (Sample C). We then systematically evaluated the impact of these electrode shapes on the devices' optoelectronic performance. The results show that the shape of the P-electrode significantly influences the optoelectronic performance of micro-LEDs.

Enhanced performance of GaN-based thin-film flip-chip LEDs with reflective current blocking layers.

To further enhance the performance of GaN-based thin-film flip-chip light-emitting diodes (TFFC-LEDs), we designed and fabricated two sets of high-power blue chips with conventional and reflective current-blocking layers (CBL) The conventional CBL is composed of SiO, whereas the reflective CBL consists of SiO and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). We systematically characterized their optoelectronic performance. The results indicate that at an injection current of 350 mA, the light output power (LOP) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the TFFC-LEDs with a reflective CBL increased by 4.

Vehicular Mini-LED backlight display inspection based on residual global context mechanism.

Mini-LED backlight has emerged as a promising technology for high performance LCDs, yet the massive detection of dead pixels and precise LEDs placement are constrained by the miniature scale of the Mini-LEDs. The high-resolution network (Hrnet) with mixed dilated convolution and dense upsampling convolution (MDC-DUC) module and a residual global context attention (RGCA) module has been proposed to detect the quality of vehicular Mini-LED backlights. The proposed model outperforms the baseline networks of Unet, Pspnet, Deeplabv3+, and Hrnet, with a mean intersection over union (Miou) of 86.

Unraveling the spatial organization and development of human thymocytes through integration of spatial transcriptomics and single-cell multi-omics profiling.

The structural components of the thymus are essential for guiding T cell development, but a thorough spatial view is still absent. Here we develop the TSO-his tool, designed to integrate multimodal data from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to decipher the intricate structure of human thymus. Specifically, we characterize dynamic changes in cell types and critical markers, identifying ELOVL4 as a mediator of CD4 T cell positive selection in the cortex.

Limited impact of the sidewall effect in dependence of temperature for InGaN-based blue micro-LEDs grown on a silicon substrate.

The electroluminescence (EL) properties of InGaN-based micro-LEDs grown on a silicon substrate are investigated in this Letter to reveal the dominant mechanism in dependence on different temperatures and dimensions. The invalidation of sidewall nonradiative recombination and the impact of localization-induced carrier tunneling on the external quantum efficiency (EQE) are analyzed systematically to realize high performance silicon-based micro-LEDs. Microscopic EL mapping exhibits that the localized carriers in the silicon-grown micro-LED mainly recombine in the central region of mesa.

Investigation of optical polarization characteristics of ultraviolet-C AlGaN multiple quantum wells by angle-resolved cathodoluminescence.

AlGaN-based ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) face challenges related to their extremely low external quantum efficiency, which is predominantly attributed to the remarkably inadequate transverse magnetic (TM) light extraction efficiency (LEE). In this study, we employ angle-resolved cathodoluminescence (ARCL) spectroscopy to assess the optical polarization of (0001)-oriented AlGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structures in UV-C LEDs, in conjunction with a focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) system to etch samples with various inclination angles (θ) of sidewall. This technique effectively distinguishes the spatial distribution of TM- and transverse electric (TE)-polarized photons contributing to the luminescence of the MQW structure.

LED Junction Temperature Measurement: From Steady State to Transient State.

In this review, we meticulously analyze and consolidate various techniques used for measuring the junction temperature of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by examining recent advancements in the field as reported in the literature. We initiate our exploration by delineating the evolution of LED technology and underscore the criticality of junction temperature detection. Subsequently, we delve into two key facets of LED junction temperature assessment: steady-state and transient measurements.

Spatially resolved current density distribution in GaN-based flip-chip green mini-LEDs by microscopic hyperspectral imaging and modified two-level modeling.

A modified two-level model is proposed to study the spatially resolved current density distribution of GaN-based green miniaturized light-emitting diodes (mini-LEDs), combining with microscopic hyperspectral imaging. We found that the spatially resolved current density distribution reveals both the radiative and non-radiative recombination mappings, which can also be provided separately by this model. In addition, higher current density is not necessarily correlated with higher photon emission, especially for the regions around the electrode edges, where the high current density suggests current crowding and defect-related non-radiative recombination.

Tumor-associated macrophages promoting PD-L1 expression in infiltrating B cells through the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

The inflammation-related tumor microenvironment (TME) is one of the major driving forces of hepatocarcinogenesis. We aimed to investigate cell-to-cell communication among Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) through re-analyzing HCC single-cell RNA-seq data, and to confirm such cellular interaction through and study. We found a subset of Regulatory B cells with PD-L1 expression (PD-L1 Bregs), mainly located in adjacent HCC tissues.

Underground Mine Safety and Health: A Hybrid MEREC-CoCoSo System for the Selection of Best Sensor.

This research addresses the paramount issue of enhancing safety and health conditions in underground mines through the selection of optimal sensor technologies. A novel hybrid MEREC-CoCoSo system is proposed, integrating the strengths of the MEREC (Method for Eliciting Relative Weights) and Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) methods. The study involves a three-stage framework: criteria and sensor discernment, criteria weight determination using MEREC, and sensor prioritization through the MEREC-CoCoSo framework.

Mechanical Framework for Geopolymer Gels Construction: An Optimized LSTM Technique to Predict Compressive Strength of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Gels Concrete.

As an environmentally responsible alternative to conventional concrete, geopolymer concrete recycles previously used resources to prepare the cementitious component of the product. The challenging issue with employing geopolymer concrete in the building business is the absence of a standard mix design. According to the chemical composition of its components, this work proposes a thorough system or framework for estimating the compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (FAGC).

Decision tree models for the estimation of geo-polymer concrete compressive strength.

The green concretes industry benefits from utilizing gel to replace parts of the cement in concretes. However, measuring the compressive strength of geo-polymer concretes (CSGPoC) needs a significant amount of work and expenditure. Therefore, the best idea is predicting CSGPoC with a high level of accuracy.

Recent Advance in Electrochromic Materials and Devices for Display Applications.

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) possess the performance advantages in terms of color adjustability, low power consumption, and visual friendliness, emerging as one of the ideal candidates for energy-efficient smart windows, next-generation displays, and wearable electronics. The optical and electrical characteristics of ECDs can be adjusted by modifying the materials or structure of devices. This review summarizes the recent developments of innovative technologies and key materials of ECDs for display applications, highlighting the key issues and development trends in this area.

The influence of management practices on plant diversity: a comparative study of three urban wetlands in an expanding city in eastern China.

Rapid urbanization has drawn some aquatic environments into the urban texture from the outskirts of cities, and the composition and distribution of plant species in urban wetlands along the urban gradient have changed. Understanding the drivers of these changes will help in the conservation and utilization of urban wetlands. This study investigated the differences in plant diversity and associated influencing factors in three wetlands, Xixi wetland, Tongjian Lake wetland, and Qingshan Lake wetland, which are located in a core area, fringe area, and suburban area of Hangzhou City, respectively.

Ileitis promotes MASLD progression via bile acid modulation and enhanced TGR5 signaling in ileal CD8 T cells.

Background & Aims: Clinical evidence substantiates a link between inflammatory bowel disease, particularly Crohn's disease (CD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aims to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for this association.

Methods: MASLD was induced by administering high-fat and western diets, while inflammatory bowel disease was induced using DSS (dextran sulfate sodium) and the Il10 knockout (KO) mouse model.