Clinical analysis and identification of pediatric patients with colonic ulceration.

Background: A wide variety of diseases mimic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to reduce the misdiagnosis among children with colonic ulcers.

Methods: Eighty-six pediatric patients with colonic ulcers detected by colonoscopy were enrolled in the retrospective study.

Identification of key differentially expressed immune related genes in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: an integrated bioinformation analysis.

Objective: We aimed to investigate key differentially expressed immune related genes in persistent atrial fibrillation.

Methods: Gene expression profiles were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) using "GEO query" package. "limma" package and "sva" package were used to conduct normalization and eliminate batch effects, respectively.

Association between added sugars and frailty in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018.

Objective: There are various detrimental effects of excessive added sugar consumption on health, but the association of added sugars with frailty remains elusive. We aimed to examine the association between added sugar intake and frailty among American adults in the present cross-sectional study.

Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children with refractory diarrhoea and hypoalbuminaemia as the initial presentation: two case reports and a literature review.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) involving the gastrointestinal tract is a rare condition for which clinical experience is limited. We describe the cases of two patients who initially presented with chronic diarrhoea, hypoproteinaemia, and intermittent fever. These findings suggest that in cases of refractory diarrhoea accompanied by recurrent hypoalbuminaemia, especially with abdominal rash, LCH should be considered.

The activation of CaN/NFAT signaling pathway in macrophages aggravated Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract-induced Kawasaki disease vasculitis.

Objectives: By using GWAS(genome-wide association studies) and linkage disequilibrium analysis to investigate the susceptibility genes of KD(Kawasaki disease), previous studies have identified that the CaN(calcineurin)-NFAT(the nuclear factor of activated T cell) signal pathway were significantly associated with susceptibility to KD. However, little is known about the molecular basis of the CaN/NFAT pathway involved in KD. Therefore, in our study we investigate the role of Ca2+/CaN/NFAT signaling pathway in macrophages in vitro and in vivo on coronary artery lesions induced by LCWE (Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract).

The Therapeutic Effects of EFNB2-Fc in a Cell Model of Kawasaki Disease.

The EphrinB2/EphB4 signaling pathway involves the regulation of vascular morphogenesis and angiogenesis. However, little is known about EphrinB2/EphB4 in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) and coronary artery aneurysm formation. Hence, this study aimed to explore the role of EphrinB2/EphB4 and the potential therapeutic effect of EphrinB2-Fc in the coronary arterial endothelial injury of KD.

Similarities and differences between MIS-C and KD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a new syndrome with some clinical manifestations similar to Kawasaki disease (KD), which is difficult to distinguish.

Objective: The study aimed to characterize the demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, laboratory features, cardiac complications, and treatment of MIS-C compared with KD.

Study Design: Studies were selected by searching the PubMed, EMBASE and so on before February 28, 2022.

Regulatory mechanism of fibrosis-related genes in patients with heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the inability to match cardiac output with metabolic needs. Research on regulatory mechanism of fibrosis-related genes in patients with HF is very limited. In order to understand the mechanism of fibrosis in the development and progression of HF, fibrosis -related hub genes in HF are screened and verified.

Efficacy and safety of parenteral nutrition with iron sucrose for anemia prevention in preterm infants: A randomized, double-blind controlled study.

Background And Objectives: Our objective is to study the efficacy and safety of parenteral nutrition (PN) with iron sucrose to prevent anemia in preterm infants.

Methods And Study Design: We performed a randomized, double-blind controlled trial in which preterm infants were divided into five groups randomly: a control group (PN without iron sucrose, namely group Iron-0), and intervention groups (PN with iron sucrose 100 μg/kg/d, 200 μg/kg/d, 300 μg/kg/d and 400 μg/kg/d, namely group Iron-1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). The indicators were red blood cell (RBC) parameters, iron storage and oxidant stress.

Intestinal Continuity Alleviates Pediatric Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease.

Background: Type I short bowel syndrome (SBS) occurs after a critical reduction in the functional gut mass and resection of intestinal continuity after ileostomy or jejunostomy for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), intestinal atresia or other causes. SBS is often accompanied with intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) who requires long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). Our study aimed to observe the effect of intestinal continuity on the hepatic function of pediatric intestinal failure (IF) patients with type I SBS.

Development and Validation of a Novel Stemness-Index-Related Long Noncoding RNA Signature for Breast Cancer Based on Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis.

Breast cancer (BC) is a major leading cause of woman deaths worldwide. Increasing evidence has revealed that stemness features are related to the prognosis and progression of tumors. Nevertheless, the roles of stemness-index-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in BC remain unclear.

Catheter-related bloodstream infections in children with intestinal failure: a 6-year review from an intestinal rehabilitation center in China.

Background: Children with intestinal failure (IF) have frequent catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). This study aimed to analyze the clinical presentation and laboratory parameters of CRBSIs in children with IF.

Methods: This 6-year retrospective study was conducted among IF children with CRBSIs at an intestinal rehabilitation center in China.

The Network of Pro-Inflammatory Factors CD147, DcR3, and IL33 in the Development of Kawasaki Disease.

Introduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis, but the etiology remains unknown. We studied serum levels of CD147, DcR3, and IL33 in different stages of KD to explore the value of CD147, DcR3, and IL33 in the pathophysiology of KD.

Methods: We measured serum levels of CD147, DcR3, and IL33 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at different stages with 71 KD patients and 66 healthy control children.

Monogenic mutations in four cases of neonatal-onset watery diarrhea and a mutation review in East Asia.

Background: Infants with neonatal-onset diarrhea present with intractable diarrhea in the first few weeks of life. A monogenic mutation is one of the disease etiologies and the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has made it possible to screen patients for their mutations.

Main Body: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of four children from unrelated families, who presented with neonatal-onset, chronic, watery, non-bloody diarrhea.

Alterations in thymocyte populations under conditions of endotoxin tolerance.

Background: Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is a protective phenomenon in which pre-treatment with a tolerance dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to dramatically elevated survival. Accumulating evidence has shown that peripheral T cells contribute to the induction of ET. However, what happens to T cell development in the thymus under ET conditions remains unclear.

Altered Monocyte Subsets in Kawasaki Disease Revealed by Single-cell RNA-Sequencing.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is characterized by a disorder of immune response, and its etiology remains unknown. Monocyte is an important member of the body's innate immune system; however its role in KD is still elusive due to its ambiguous heterogeneity and complex functions. We aim to comprehensively delineate monocyte heterogeneity in healthy and KD infants and to reveal the underlying mechanism for KD.

KCa3.1 Inhibition of Macrophages Suppresses Inflammatory Response Leading to Endothelial Damage in a Cell Model of Kawasaki Disease.

Purpose: Macrophages-mediated inflammation is linked with endothelial damage of Kawasaki disease (KD). KCa3.1, a calcium-activated potassium channel, modulates inflammation of macrophages.

Strain parameters for predicting the prognosis of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy using cardiovascular magnetic resonance tissue feature tracking.

Background: A considerable number of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NDCM) patients had been found to have normalized left ventricular (LV) size and systolic function with tailored medical treatments. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate if strain parameters assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking (FT) analysis could predict the NDCM recovery.

Methods: 79 newly diagnosed NDCM patients who underwent baseline and follow-up CMR scans were enrolled.

NF45/NF90-mediated rDNA transcription provides a novel target for immunosuppressant development.

Herein, we demonstrate that NFAT, a key regulator of the immune response, translocates from cytoplasm to nucleolus and interacts with NF45/NF90 complex to collaboratively promote rDNA transcription via triggering the directly binding of NF45/NF90 to the ARRE2-like sequences in rDNA promoter upon T-cell activation in vitro. The elevated pre-rRNA level of T cells is also observed in both mouse heart or skin transplantation models and in kidney transplanted patients. Importantly, T-cell activation can be significantly suppressed by inhibiting NF45/NF90-dependent rDNA transcription.

Long-term outcomes of various pediatric short bowel syndrome in China.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to analyze long-term outcome of various pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS) at an intestinal rehabilitation center in China.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven children with SBS were enrolled in this study from October 1988 to July 2019. Their long-term follow-up outcome was analyzed according to the age of disease onset, parenteral nutrition (PN) duration, and anatomic types of short bowel, respectively.

C/EBPα/miR-7 Controls CD4 T-Cell Activation and Function and Orchestrates Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice.

Background And Aims: Increasing evidence in recent years has suggested that microRNA-7 (miR-7) is an important gene implicated in the development of various diseases including HCC. However, the role of miR-7 in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is unknown.

Approach And Results: Herein, we showed that miR-7 deficiency led to exacerbated pathology in Concanavalin-A-induced murine acute autoimmune liver injury (ALI) model, accompanied by hyperactivation state of CD4 T cells.

Crucial transcripts predict response to initial immunoglobulin treatment in acute Kawasaki disease.

Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) can effectively treat Kawasaki disease (KD), 10-20% of KD patients show no beneficial clinical response. Developing reliable criteria to discriminate non-responders is important for early planning of appropriate regimens. To predict the non-responders before IVIG treatment, gene expression dataset of 110 responders and 61 non-responders was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus.

Alterations of gut microbiota and serum bile acids are associated with parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease.

Background: Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) is a major complication of long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). The pathogenesis of PNALD remains unclear. We investigated the changes in taxonomic and functional composition of gut microbiota and serum bile acid levels in a rat model of PNALD.

The elevated serum levels of calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 in children with Kawasaki disease.

Background: The calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (CaN-NFAT) signaling pathway had been found to be associated with Kawasaki disease (KD) susceptibility and coronary artery aneurysm formation as a contributor. To evaluate serum calcineurin (CaN) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1(NFAT1) levels in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD).

Methods: Serum levels of CaN and NFAT1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 66 healthy children and 74 KD patients at acute, afebrile and subacute stage.