Three physical modifications enhanced the binding interactions of Cyperus esculentus protein with proanthocyanidins and physicochemical properties of complexes: The contribution of non-covalent interactions.

This study investigated non-covalent interactions between unmodified/modified (ball-milling, BMP; high pressure homogenization, HPHP; cold plasma, CPP) Cyperus esculentus protein (CEP) and proanthocyanidins (PA and PB2) to evaluate structure, functionalities and potential in emulsions. The PA and PB2 addition significantly increased the turbidity and ζ-potential of CEP samples, as confirmed by aggregations observed via atomic force microscopy, validating the formation of protein-proanthocyanidin complexes. Fluorescence quenching and isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that procyanidins caused CEP sample static quenching, with CEP-proanthocyanidins binding affinity order as CPP > HPHP>BMP > CEP.

Molecularly imprinted nanoparticles hitchhiking on neutrophils for precise treatment of ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke (IS), the most prevalent type of stroke worldwide, is associated with a variety of complex processes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. Recent findings indicate that inhibiting iron overload as a key regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis profoundly influences the pathogenesis and treatment of IS. In addition, enhanced blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and precise targeting of the ischaemic site contribute to improved therapeutic outcomes in IS.

NEAT-Net: An Unsupervised Cross-View Prior Inpainting Network for CBCT Metal Artifact Reduction.

Intraoperative Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) facilitates intraoperative navigation for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (MISS). However, high-attenuation metal implants used in MISS often cause metal artifacts in the reconstructed CBCT images. Current algorithms do not consider the cross-view information in the projection-domain for metal artifact reduction (MAR).

Dual-Source CBCT for Larger Longitudinal Coverage: System Design and Image Reconstruction.

The application of CBCT systems in intraoperative environments has become increasingly common, but concurrent CBCT systems are unsuitable for situations that require a large longitudinal imaging FoV, such as orthopedics. To increase longitudinal coverage, we developed a dual-source CBCT (DS-CBCT) system in which two ray sources are symmetrically placed along the central plane. After further analyzing its geometric characteristics, we propose an analytical reconstruction algorithm termed DT-FDK specialized for DS-CBCT, which combines cone-beam rebinning and two rays with smaller cone angles among the four conjugate rays to further suppress cone beam artifacts.

Precision delivery of pretreated macrophage-membrane-coated Pt nanoclusters for improving Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive dysfunction induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a kind of pathogenic bacteria causing periodontitis, can increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cause cognitive decline. Therefore, precise intracerebral antimicrobial therapy to reduce the load of P.

Efficient Generation of Negative Hydrogen with Bimetallic-Ternary-Structured Catalysts for Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation.

Transition metal-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation (TH) with in situ negative hydrogen (H) has received extensive attention as an alternative to conventional high-pressure hydrogenation processes. However, the insufficient activity of hydrogen production and unclear the conversion process of hydrogenation remain a great challenge. In this work, brand new bimetallic ternary-structured catalysts (RuM-TiO, M=Co, Cu, Fe, Ni) were synthesized to efficiently generate H donors from ammonia borane (AB, NHBH) for nitrobenzene hydrogenation under moderate conditions.

Mitochondrial transfer of drug-loaded artificial mitochondria for enhanced anti-Glioma therapy through synergistic apoptosis/ferroptosis/immunogenic cell death.

Mitochondrial targeting in gliomas represents a novel therapeutic strategy with significant potential to enhance drug sensitivity by effectively killing glioma cells at the mitochondrial level. In this study, we developed artificial mitochondria derived from mitochondrial membrane-based nanovesicles, enabling precise mitochondrial targeting of doxorubicin (Dox) to selectively eradicate cancer cells by amplifying multiple cell death pathways. It was found that Dox-encapsulating mitochondria-based nanovesicles (DOX-MitoNVs) exhibited an extraordinary ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), specifically targeting gliomas.

Cover crop monocultures and mixtures enhance bacterial abundance and functionality in the maize root zone.

Cover cropping is an effective method to protect agricultural soils from erosion, promote nutrient and moisture retention, encourage beneficial microbial activity, and maintain soil structure. Re-utilization of winter cover crop root channels by maize roots during summer allows the cash crop to extract resources from distal regions in the soil horizon. In this study, we investigated how cover cropping during winter followed by maize ( L.

Microenvironmental pH modulating oxygen self-boosting microalgal prodrug carboxymethyl chitosan/hyaluronic acid/puerarin hydrogel for accelerating wound healing in diabetic rats.

Chronic diabetic wounds are characterized by a range of detrimental features, including hypoxia, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, impaired angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. We have developed an innovative multifunctional hydrogel system based on carboxymethyl chitosan, which incorporates embedded microalgae PCC7942 along with hyaluronic acid and puerarin, termed PCC7942@carboxymethyl chitosan/hyaluronic acid/puerarin hydrogel. It demonstrated outstanding capabilities in exudate absorption, mechanical flexibility, hemostatic action, and antibacterial efficacy.

Therapeutic Effects of Puerarin Loaded Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic degenerative joint disease among the aged population. The primary objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of puerarin loaded bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (Pue@BMSC-Exo), and reveal their inflammatory regulating mechanisms through affecting the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In this study, exosomes derived from BMSCs were isolated and identified.

Artemisinins ameliorate polycystic ovarian syndrome by mediating LONP1-CYP11A1 interaction.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent reproductive disorder in women of reproductive age, features androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries. Despite its high prevalence, specific pharmacologic intervention for PCOS is challenging. In this study, we identified artemisinins as anti-PCOS agents.

Advances in Synthesis and Applications of Single-Atom Catalysts for Metal Oxide-Based Gas Sensors.

As a stable, low-cost, environment-friendly, and gas-sensitive material, semiconductor metal oxides have been widely used for gas sensing. In the past few years, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have gained increasing attention in the field of gas sensing with the advantages of maximized atomic utilization and unique electronic and chemical properties and have successfully been applied to enhance the detection sensitivity and selectivity of metal oxide gas sensors. However, the application of SACs in gas sensors is still in its infancy.

NR2F6 is essential for brown adipocyte differentiation and systemic metabolic homeostasis.

Objective: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) development and function are essential for maintaining energy balance. However, the key factors that specifically regulate brown adipogenesis require further identification. Here, we demonstrated that the nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6 (NR2F6) played a pivotal role in brown adipogenesis and energy homeostasis.

Tumor targeted cancer membrane-camouflaged ultra-small Fe nanoparticles for enhanced collaborative apoptosis and ferroptosis in glioma.

Glioma is recognized as the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Owing to the occurrence of drug resistance and the failure of drug to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), there is no effective strategy for the treatment of glioma. The main objective of this study was to develop a biomimetic glioma C6 cell membrane (C6M) derived nanovesicles (DOX-FN/C6M-NVs) loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and ultra-small Fe nanoparticles (FN) for accomplishing the effective brain tumor-targeted delivery of DOX and improving anti-cancer efficacy via inducing collaborative apoptosis and ferroptosis.

Modulation of microglial polarization by sequential targeting surface-engineered exosomes improves therapy for ischemic stroke.

Microglia are important cells that act on regulating neuroinflammation and neurofunction after the induction of ischemic stroke (IS). Consequently, the efficient accumulation of drugs within ischemic regions, particularly in microglia, serves as a valuable approach for achieving effective therapy by attenuating microglia-mediated cerebral ischemic injury. In this study, we designed mannose (man)-conjugated luteolin (lut)-loaded platelet-derived exosomes (lut/man-pEXO) as surface engineered multifunctional cascade-delivery drug carriers to target ischemic blood vessels and subsequent microglia to enhance drug accumulation and induce neuroprotection of neurovascular unit (NVU) against IS.

Preparation of Ultra-Small Copper Nanoparticles-Loaded Self-Healing Hydrogels with Antibacterial, Inflammation-Suppressing and Angiogenesis-Enhancing Properties for Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing.

Background: Bacterial invasion, protracted inflammation, and angiogenesis inhibition are hallmarks of chronic diabetic wounds, bringing about patient morbidity and rising healthcare costs. For such wounds, there are currently few efficient therapies available.

Methods: We reported the development of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)-based self-healing hydrogel loaded with ultra-small copper nanoparticles (Cunps) for local treatment of diabetic wound healing.

Dual Improvement in Sensitivity and Humidity Tolerance of a NO Sensor Based on 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Self-Assembled Monolayer-Functionalized SnSe for Explosive Photolysis Gas Detection.

Explosives can be analyzed for their content by detecting the photolytic gaseous byproducts. However, to prevent electrostatic sparking, explosives are frequently preserved in conditions with low temperatures and high humidity, impeding the performance of gas detection. Thus, it has become a research priority to develop gas sensors that operate at ambient temperature and high humidity levels in the realm of explosive breakdown gas-phase detection.

Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves' disease in children.

The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the correlation between the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene and genetic susceptibility to Graves' disease (GD) in children. Some studies found that the CTLA-4 gene polymorphism was associated with GD in children. The data up to February 2022 were retrieved from the databases.

Biomimetic oxygen-boosted hybrid membrane nanovesicles as the treatment strategy for ischemic stroke with the concept of the neurovascular unit.

The pathogenesis of ischemic cerebrovascular disease has revealed that ischemic stroke often leads to deprivation of oxygen, blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and enhanced inflammatory activation, eventually causing severe brain tissue damage. Herein, we prepared hybrid membrane nanovesicles (YC-1@[RBC-PL] NVs) composed of red blood cell (RBC) membrane and platelet (PL) membrane encapsulating hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor YC-1 for contributing to the protection of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in ischemic stroke. YC-1@[RBC-PL] NVs targeted the ischemic brain by the thrombus targeting properties of PL membrane and relieved the hypoxia inside ischemic brain in the presence of YC-1 and catalase in YC-1@[RBC-PL] NVs.

[Functionalized exosome-loaded ginsenoside Rg1 for the treatment of ischemic stroke].

The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanism of c(RGDyK) peptide modified mesenchymal stem cell exosomes loaded with ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) on ischemic stroke. Thread-tying method was used to establish SD rats transient middle cerebral occlusion model (tMCAO). The model rats were randomly divided into tMCAO group, Exo group, free G-Rg1 group, Exo-Rg1 group and cRGD-Exo-Rg1 group, and sham group was used as control.

Clusterbody Enables Flow Sorting-Assisted Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry Analysis for Identifying Reversal Agent of Chemoresistance.

Identifying effective reversal agents overcoming multidrug resistance with causal mechanisms from an efflux pump protein is of vital importance for enhanced tumor chemotherapy in clinic. To achieve this end, we construct a metal cluster-based probe, named clusterbody, to develop flow sorting-assisted single-cell mass spectrometry analysis. This clusterbody synthesized by biomimetic mineralization possesses an antibody-like property to selectively recognize an efflux pump protein.

M1 Microglia Induced Neuronal Injury on Ischemic Stroke via Mitochondrial Crosstalk between Microglia and Neurons.

Among the middle-aged and senile populations, ischemic stroke (IS) is a frequently occurring acute condition of the cerebrovascular system. Traditionally, it is recognized that when stroke occurs, microglia are activated into M1 phenotype and release cytotoxic cytokines, reactive oxygen species, proteases, and other factors, thus exacerbating the injury by further destroying or killing nearby neurons. In the latest research, the crucial role of the intercellular mitochondrial crosstalk on the stroke management has been demonstrated.

Synergistic Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species in Photothermocatalytic Removal of VOCs from Cooking Oil Fumes over Pt/CeO/TiO.

The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cooking oil fumes are very complex and do harm to humans and the environment. Herein, we develop the high-efficiency and energy-saving synergistic photothermocatalytic oxidation approach to eliminate the mixture of heptane and hexanal, the representative VOCs with high concentrations in cooking oil fumes. The Pt/CeO/TiO catalyst with nanosized Pt particles was prepared by the simple hydrothermal and impregnation methods, and the physicochemical properties of the catalyst were measured using numerous techniques.