Reversing Postcardiopulmonary Bypass Associated Cognitive Dysfunction Using -Opioid Receptor Agonists to Regulate Microglial Polarization via the NLRP3/Caspase-1 Pathway.

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is mainly used during cardiac surgeries that treat ischemic, valvular, or congenital heart disease and aortic dissections. The disorders of central nervous system (CNS) that occur after cardiopulmonary bypass are attracting considerable interest. Postoperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) have been reported as the leading cause of patients' disability and death following CPB.