Amyloid-β Deposition Prediction with Large Language Model Driven and Task Oriented Learning of Brain Functional Networks.

Amyloid-β positron emission tomography can reflect the Amyloid-β protein deposition in the brain and thus serves as one of the golden standards for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. However, its practical cost and high radioactivity hinder its application in large-scale early AD screening. Recent neuroscience studies suggest a strong association between changes in functional connectivity network (FCN) derived from functional MRI (fMRI), and deposition patterns of Amyloid-β protein in the brain.

Phenotype-specific metabolic patterns in Posterior cortical atrophy and early-onset typical Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is generally considered an atypical variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is an important component of early-onset AD. Symptomatologic heterogeneity has led to a high rate of misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of early-onset AD. We sought to establish the phenotypic-specific metabolic patterns of PCA and early-onset typical AD (tAD) and to assess whether phenotype-specific neuroimaging biomarkers are more valuable for disease recognition.

Tau pathology is associated with postsynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in early Alzheimer's disease in a sex-specific manner.

Introduction: To investigate the associations of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) with tau deposition and cognitive ability in patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Twenty-six cognitively impaired (CI) and 14 cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals underwent mGluR5 positron emission tomography (PET) ([F]PSS232), amyloid PET ([F]florbetapir), and tau PET ([F]MK6240), and neuropsychological assessment. The relationships among mGluR5 availability, tau deposition, and neuropsychological assessment were analyzed using Spearman's correlation and mediation analyses.

Associations of hippocampal volumes, brain hypometabolism, and plasma NfL with amyloid, tau, and cognitive decline.

Introduction: Various indicators of neurodegeneration (N) are used in the assessment of neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The heterogeneity of such indicators is less clear.

Methods: A total of 416 individuals with different cognitive statuses were recruited for this study.

Head-to-Head comparison of [F]FDG, [F]FMZ, and [F]SynVesT-1 positron emission tomography imaging in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Purpose: The loss of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A) can lead to dysfunction of GABAergic neurons, but a direct comparison of SV2A and GABA receptor densities in humans has not been assessed. This study evaluated SV2A and GABA receptor abnormalities in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and compared the patterns to glucose hypometabolism.

Methods: Eleven patients with DRE were retrospectively recruited and underwent PET imaging with [F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG), [F]Flumazenil (FMZ), and [F]SynVesT-1.

Clinical characteristics and biomarker profile in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: the Shanghai Memory Study.

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease constitutes ∼5-10% of Alzheimer's disease. Its clinical characteristics and biomarker profiles are not well documented. To compare the characteristics covering clinical, neuropsychological and biomarker profiles between patients with early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease, we enrolled 203 patients (late-onset Alzheimer's disease = 99; early-onset Alzheimer's disease = 104) from a Chinese hospital-based cohort, the Shanghai Memory Study.

Prognostic and diagnostic value of [F]FDG, C-acetate, and [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives: To assess the prognostic value of Fluorine 18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose [F]FDG, gallium 68-labeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitor-04 [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04, C-acetate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluate the potential usefulness and advantages of different combinations for accurate diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six patients with suspected hepatic masses were prospectively enrolled from May 2021 to September 2022 and underwent [F]FDG, [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04, and C-acetate PET/CT scans before surgery. PET/CT results and histopathologic examinations were independently interpreted by two radiologists and pathologists, respectively.

Association of objective subtle cognitive difficulties with amyloid-β and tau deposition compared to subjective cognitive decline.

Purpose: This study evaluated the differences in amyloid-β (Aβ), tau deposition, and longitudinal tau deposition between subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and objective subtle cognitive difficulties (Obj-SCD).

Methods: Participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort (n = 234) and the Huashan cohort (n = 267) included individuals with Obj-SCD, SCD, subjective memory concern (SMC), and healthy controls (HC). General linear models (GLM) were used to compare baseline and longitudinal differences in Aβ and tau among the groups, and to examine the associations between these biomarkers.

Cross-modality PET image synthesis for Parkinson's Disease diagnosis: a leap from [F]FDG to [C]CFT.

Purpose: Dopamine transporter [C]CFT PET is highly effective for diagnosing Parkinson's Disease (PD), whereas it is not widely available in most hospitals. To develop a deep learning framework to synthesize [C]CFT PET images from real [F]FDG PET images and leverage their cross-modal correlation to distinguish PD from normal control (NC).

Methods: We developed a deep learning framework to synthesize [C]CFT PET images from real [F]FDG PET images, and leveraged their cross-modal correlation to distinguish PD from NC.

Comparison of C-Acetate and F-FDG PET/CT for Immune Infiltration and Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, making it a challenge to noninvasively monitor immune infiltration. Metabolic reprogramming in cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is closely linked to immune status. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of carbon-11 acetate (C-acetate) and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/CT findings in predicting overall survival (OS) and immune infiltration in HCC patients.

Urinary formic acid is associated with cerebral amyloid deposition and glucose metabolism in memory clinic patients.

Background: Urinary formic acid (FA) has been reported to be a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the association between FA and pathological changes in memory clinic patients is currently unclear.

Objective: This study aims to investigate associations between FA and pathological changes across different cognitive statuses in memory clinic patients.

Diagnostic Accuracy and Value of CXCR4-targeted PET/MRI Using Ga-Pentixafor for Tumor Localization in Cushing Disease.

Background Gallium 68 (Ga) pentixafor has emerged as a potential C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)-targeted radiotracer for neuroendocrine tumor, yet its application in Cushing disease remains uncertain. Purpose To assess the diagnostic accuracy and value of Ga-pentixafor PET/MRI in localizing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumors in Cushing disease. Materials and Methods A prospective single-center study was conducted from March 2023 to February 2024 in participants with Cushing disease scheduled for surgical pituitary tumor resection.

The cerebellar glucose metabolism in moyamoya vasculopathy and its correlation with neurocognitive performance after cerebral revascularization surgery: a [F]FDG PET study.

Background: The vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is quite common in moyamoya vasculopathy (MMV). However, the abnormality of cerebellar glucose metabolism in MMV and its relationship with patients' neurocognitive performance were few reported.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between neurocognitive performance and cerebellar glucose metabolism.

Presynaptic terminal integrity is associated with glucose metabolism in Parkinson's disease.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of synaptic loss with glucose metabolism and dopaminergic transporters in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

Methods: A total of 16 patients with PD and 11 age-matched healthy controls underwent positron emission tomography (PET) with the tracers [F]SynVesT-1, a ligand for the presynaptic terminal marker synaptic vesicle protein 2 A (SV2A), and FDG. PD patients also underwent PET with the dopamine transporter (DAT) ligand [18F]FP-CIT.

Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein and Phosphorated Tau 181 Association with Presynaptic Density-Dependent Tau Pathology at F-SynVesT-1 Brain PET Imaging.

Background Synaptic loss is an important factor in Alzheimer disease (AD); however, blood assays that conveniently and rapidly reflect changes in synaptic density are lacking. Purpose To correlate multiple potential synaptic blood markers with synaptic density measured using F-SynVesT-1, a fluorine 18 (F)-labeled radiotracer, brain PET and to explore the independent associations between these markers and synaptic density. Materials and Methods This prospective study included 50 cognitively unimpaired (mean age, 65.

Association of precuneus Aβ burden with default mode network function.

Introduction: It remains unclear whether the local amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden in key regions within the default mode network (DMN) affects network and cognitive functions.

Methods: Participants included 1002 individuals from the Chinese Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Study cohort who underwent 18F-florbetapir positron emission tomography resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning and neuropsychological tests. The correlations between precuneus (PRC) Aβ burden, DMN function, and cognitive function were investigated.

Dopaminergic PET to SPECT domain adaptation: a cycle GAN translation approach.

Purpose: Dopamine transporter imaging is routinely used in Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) diagnosis. While [C]CFT PET is prevalent in Asia with a large APS database, Europe relies on [I]FP-CIT SPECT with limited APS data. Our aim was to develop a deep learning-based method to convert [C]CFT PET images to [I]FP-CIT SPECT images, facilitating multicenter studies and overcoming data scarcity to promote Artificial Intelligence (AI) advancements.

Immuno-PET/CT Imaging of Trop2 with [F]AlF-RESCA-T4 Differentiates Lung Cancer from Inflammation.

Immuno-PET/CT imaging, a branch of molecular imaging, can noninvasively and specifically visualize biomarker expression across the body. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is a pan-cancer biomarker and plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis through multiple signaling pathways. The study aims to develop and translate novel Trop2 single-domain antibody (sdAb) tracers for clinical use.

CD70-Targeted Immuno-PET/CT Imaging of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Translational Study.

The diagnosis and surveillance of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains a clinical challenge. The high and specific expression of the cluster of differentiation 70 (CD70) in ccRCC makes it a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target. We detected and analyzed CD70 expression in various renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and normal kidneys using immunohistochemical staining.

Preclinical evaluation and pilot clinical study of [Ga]Ga-NOTA-H006 for non-invasive PET imaging of 5T4 oncofetal antigen.

Purpose: Trophoblast glycoprotein, the so-called 5T4, is an oncofetal antigen expressed in many different cancers. However, no 5T4-specific radioligand is employed in the clinic for non-invasive diagnosis. Thus, the aim of the current study was to develop a PET radiotracer for imaging 5T4 expression in preclinical and clinical stages.

Pilot implementation of the revised criteria for staging of Alzheimer's disease by the Alzheimer's Association Workgroup in a tertiary memory clinic.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the 2024 Alzheimer's Association Workgroup's integrated clinical-biological staging scheme in outpatient settings within a tertiary memory clinic.

Methods: The 2018 syndromal cognitive staging system, coupled with a binary biomarker classification, was implemented for 236 outpatients with cognitive concerns. The 2024 numeric clinical staging framework, incorporating biomarker staging, was specifically applied to 154 individuals within the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum.

Music Therapy and Music Intervention for NSCLC Patients Undergoing PET with Fear of Cancer Recurrence.

Cancer and psychiatric symptoms are associated. Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is the most common psychological problem for cancer survivors. Pharmacological interventions can help, but also have major drawbacks.