Two new varieties of (Ericaceae) from Xizang, China.

Two new varieties from Xizang, China, i.e. Agapetesinterdictavar.

 (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a newly-recorded bamboo genus for China and Vietnam, with new taxa and a re-interpretation of flowering structures.

and are closely-related genera for which 'inflorescence' structures were incompletely understood and difficult to reconcile. After re-examining the inflorescence morphology, the so-called 'spikelets' of both genera as described should instead be recognised as pseudospikelets with mostly inactive axillary buds. The new bamboo taxa, comprising two varieties of a new species, are placed in , representing a new genus record for China and Vietnam.

 (Ericaceae), a new species of sect. from western Yunnan, China.

(Ericaceae), a new species from Yingjiang County of Yunnan Province, China is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to Vacciniumsect.Epigynium and is most similar to , but differs from the latter in the subsessile leaves, the inflorescence usually developing at leafless nodes, the shorter pedicels and the filaments being ca.

 (Ericaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China.

(Ericaceae), a new species from Fugong County of Yunnan Province, China is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to Vacciniumsect.Calcicolus and is most similar to , but differs in its branches hanging down, much smaller leaf blades, shorter inflorescences and pedicels, non-glandular tomentellate or densely pubescent inflorescence rachis and pedicels, densely white-pubescent hypanthium and pilose filaments.

Phylogenomic analyses reveal reticulate evolution between and (Poaceae: Bambusoideae).

and are closely related to bamboo genera. However, when considered with newly discovered and morphologically similar material from China and Vietnam, the phylogenetic relationship among these three groups was ambiguous in the analyses based on DNA regions. Here, as a means of investigating the relationships among the three bamboo groups and exploring potential sources of genomic conflicts, we present a phylogenomic examination based on the whole plastome, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and single-copy nuclear (SCN) gene datasets.

 (Ericaceae), a new species from East Guangdong, China.

(Ericaceae), a new species from East Guangdong Province, China is described and illustrated. This new species is morphologically similar to by having flowers with persistent and leaf-like bracts, long pedicels, and white spherical-urceolate corollas, but is distinguished by having glandular trichomes on the abaxial surface of the leaf blade, shorter pedicels, sparsely pilose corolla ridges, and anther thecae longer than the tubules. A key to the new species and morphologically similar species is also provided.

, a new bamboo genus to accommodate the morphologically unique species, (Poaceae).

was confirmed as polyphyletic by recent phylogenetic analyses, with Chinese species of distantly related to those from Japan. Among the Chinese species of , is a morphologically unique as well as taxonomically problematic species endemic to South China, of which the generic designation is still uncertain. Molecular analyses based on both plastid and nuclear genomic data demonstrated that this species is closest to the recently published genus .

 (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new combination supported by morphological and phylogenetic evidence.

The results of phylogenetic analysis, based on the whole chloroplast genome and morphological study support the transfer of a long ignored bamboo species, , to the recently established genus, , in this study. Morphologically, this species differs from all the other known species by having very short (2-3 mm) foliage leaf inner ligules, which is unusual in this genus. A revised description of its morphology and colour photos are also provided.

 (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new combination from Guangxi.

is transferred to the genus following a reassessment based on a new collection with pachymorph and long-necked rhizomes from its type locality in Guangxi, China. Morphologically, it is most similar to , but differs in culm, branch complement and foliage leaf characters. A revised description of its morphology and color photos are also provided.

The floral morphology of four Chinese species (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) previously described only from vegetative material.

Due to their specialised flowering biology where frequent or even annual flowering is uncommon, reproductive materials of bamboos are not always available, so hampering taxonomic interpretation and research into other aspects. , , and were established only based on vegetative materials and flowering or fruiting material has been hitherto unknown. The floral morphology of these four species is described for the first time and, correspondingly, epitypes are designated to support a more complete interpretation of the species.

 (Erythroxylaceae), a new species from Guangdong, China.

(Erythroxylaceae), a new species from Guangdong Province, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is morphologically most similar to , but is distinguished by the leathery leaf blade with fewer pairs of secondary veins and flowers borne on leafless nodes of the basal part of the current branch with much longer pedicels and sub-rectangular petal appendages. This is the second native species of recorded from China.

Novelties on the genus (Ericaceae) from Hainan, China: a new species and a new record for the country.

Here we describe a new species, , and report a new record for the flora of China, , both from Hainan Province. also represents the first record of V.sect.

 (Melastomataceae), a new species from China.

A new species, , from China, is described and illustrated here based on morphological and molecular evidence. It is morphologically similar to in having erect stems, slightly oblique and membranous leaf blades, broadly ovate to suborbicular bracts, and oblong petals, but differs by the terete stems, densely puberulous petioles, and elliptic leaf blades. Our phylogenetic analyses based on plastid genome and nrITS data indicate that this new species is clustered with four species of Yunnan but placed far apart from .

, a new species of Ericaceae from limestone areas in Guangxi, China.

, a new species from limestone areas in Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically most similar to and in having small and dense obovate leaf blades with a retuse apex, hairy young branches and calyx and campanulate corollas, but can be distinguished from them by the distance of basal gland from petiole, the length of peduncle, pedicle and filaments, the indumentum of calyx tube and corolla and the existence of apical glands on calyx lobes. A table to distinguish the new species from other morphologically similar species, as well as colour plates of comparison of key characters, is also provided.

 (Orchidaceae), a new species from Tibet, China.

A new species of (Orchidaceae) from Tibet, China, , is described and illustrated here. Molecular phylogenetic results based on one nuclear (ITS) and two plastid markers ( and ) support the recognition of as a new species in GoodyerasubsectionReticulum. Morphologically, the novelty is most similar to , and especially to , but differs by the thick grid lines of the reticulations with a diffused margin on the adaxial surface of the leaf blades, the inflorescence with more flowers, the obliquely obovate-rhombic petals, the yellow or yellowish labellum without a lamella on the blade, and the shorter trichomes on the floral bracts, sepals and ovary.

(Ericaceae), a new species from Xizang, China.

(Ericaceae), a new species from Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Region, China is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to Vacciniumsect.Calcicolus and is morphologically most similar to , but differs in having yellowish-brown tomentose young branches, petioles and inflorescence rachis, leaf blades with 2-3(-4) pairs of secondary veins, usually all basal and with fine veins impressed adaxially and urceolate to spherical corollas.

, a new species of A.ser.Longifiles (Ericaceae) from Yunnan, China.

Y. H. Tong & J.

Taxonomic Identity of Franchet (Betulaceae).

and are recognised as separate species in . In this study, the results of an examination of literature, morphological comparison and phenetic clustering of nuclear ITS sequences suggest that is conspecific with . Thus, we propose reducing to a synonym of .

(Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species from Dakrong Nature Reserve, Vietnam.

is a new species of woody bamboo from Dakrong Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, central Vietnam. It is closely related to but differs by its pseudospikelets having terminal rachilla segments with ciliate margin and 6 bracts; culm sheath with the base of the outer margin having a slight projection below its point of attachment at the node, as well as sheath blades usually less than half as long as the culm sheath proper; and leaf blades pale-puberulent and sparsely pilosulous on the abaxial surface. The new species is described and illustrated here.

, a new genus and species of temperate bamboo (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) from central-southern Vietnam.

A new genus of Arundinarieae, , is established to accommodate a unique new bamboo species, , from central-southern Vietnam. The morphological features, habitats and distribution of and related genera, i.e.