Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus Co-Opts Multivesicular-Derived Exosomes for Transmission.

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a member of the family , genus , and subgenus that causes neurological disorders, vomiting and wasting disease (VWD), or influenza-like illness (ILI) in pigs. Exosomes regulate nearby or distant cells as a means of intercellular communication; however, whether they are involved in the transmission of viral reference materials during PHEV infection is unknown. Here, we collected exosomes derived from PHEV-infected neural cells (PHEV-exos) and validated their morphological, structural, and content characteristics.

Relationship quality and exhibitors' sustainable willingness to participate in exhibitions: A sociocultural perspective.

Exhibition is a new economic business form in China. From a stakeholder perspective, all important roles in the context of hospitality and tourism are talents. From a socio-cultural perspective, interpersonal relationship quality plays a vital role in business and industrial operations.

Experimental and DFT characterization of metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states of (rutheniumammine)(monodentate aromatic ligand) chromophores.

The heretofore unknown emission properties of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states of several complexes with (ruthenium)(monodentate aromatic ligand, MDA) chromophores are given. Emission spectra and lifetimes in 77 K glasses are reported for several monometallic complexes of the type [Ru(NH3)(5-n)(L)(n)(MDA)](2+) and two bimetallic pyrazine (pz)-bridged [{Ru(NH3)(4-n)(L)(n)}2pz](4+) complexes (L = pz, pyridine, or a multipyridine ligand; MDA = pz or a substituted pyridine, Y-py). The emission maxima occur in the visible and near-IR spectral regions and have much more poorly resolved vibronic sidebands than do related complexes with Ru-bpy chromophores, and the excited-state lifetimes are characteristic of Ru-bpy MLCT excited states in this energy range.