MEK inhibition prevents CAR-T cell exhaustion and differentiation via downregulation of c-Fos and JunB.

Clinical evidence supports the notion that T cell exhaustion and terminal differentiation pose challenges to the persistence and effectiveness of chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells. MEK1/2 inhibitors (MEKIs), widely used in cancer treatment due to their ability to inhibit aberrant MAPK signaling, have shown potential synergistic effects when combined with immunotherapy. However, the impact and mechanisms of MEKIs on CAR-T cells remain uncertain and controversial.

Weight loss rather than weight gain has a detrimental effect on successful aging in older adults: A 4-year longitudinal study in China.

This study explored the effect of weight change on successful aging in older adults. A total of 1865 adults (≥65 years) were divided into the weight gain group (weight gain ≥5 %), the weight loss group (weight loss ≥5 %), and the weight stable group (weight change <5 %) according to weight changes over 4 years. Results showed that compared to the stable weight, the weight loss is associated with a lower rate of successful aging (OR=0.

Associations of physical activity intensity, frequency, duration, and volume with the incidence of sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults: a 4-year longitudinal study in China.

Background: Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in the process of several chronic diseases. It may be also associated with the incidence of sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine the association of PA from different components including frequency, duration, intensity, and volume with the incidence of sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults.

Current trends of clinical trials involving CRISPR/Cas systems.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful genome editing tool that has made enormous impacts on next-generation molecular diagnostics and therapeutics, especially for genetic disorders that traditional therapies cannot cure. Currently, CRISPR-based gene editing is widely applied in basic, preclinical, and clinical studies. In this review, we attempt to identify trends in clinical studies involving CRISPR techniques to gain insights into the improvement and contribution of CRISPR/Cas technologies compared to traditional modified modalities.

Single-cell analysis technologies for cancer research: from tumor-specific single cell discovery to cancer therapy.

Single-cell sequencing (SCS) technology is changing our understanding of cellular components, functions, and interactions across organisms, because of its inherent advantage of avoiding noise resulting from genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity across numerous samples. By directly and individually measuring multiple molecular characteristics of thousands to millions of single cells, SCS technology can characterize multiple cell types and uncover the mechanisms of gene regulatory networks, the dynamics of transcription, and the functional state of proteomic profiling. In this context, we conducted systematic research on SCS techniques, including the fundamental concepts, procedural steps, and applications of scDNA, scRNA, scATAC, scCITE, and scSNARE methods, focusing on the unique clinical advantages of SCS, particularly in cancer therapy.

Connecting the mechanisms of tumor sex differences with cancer therapy.

Sex differences in cancer incidence and survival are constant and pronounced globally, across all races and all age groups of cancer types. In 2016, after the National Institutes of Health proposed a policy of utilizing sex as a biological variable, researchers started paying more attention to the molecular mechanisms behind gender variations in cancer. Historically, most previous studies investigating sex differences have been centered on gonadal sex hormones.

B7H6 Serves as a Negative Prognostic Marker and an Immune Modulator in Human Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer (PC), the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the U.S., is frequently found too late to be cured by traditional chemotherapy.