Cost-Effective Fitting Model for Indoor Positioning Systems Based on Bluetooth Low Energy.

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a positioning technology that is commonly used in indoor positioning systems (IPS) such as shopping malls or underground parking lots, because of its low power consumption and the low cost of Bluetooth devices. It also maintains high positioning accuracy. Since the cost of BLE itself is low, it has now been used in larger environments such as parking lots or shopping malls for a long time.

A reduced-complexity data-fusion algorithm using belief propagation for location tracking in heterogeneous observations.

This paper presents a low-complexity and high-accuracy algorithm to reduce the computational load of the traditional data-fusion algorithm with heterogeneous observations for location tracking. For the location-estimation technique with the data fusion of radio-based ranging measurement and speed-based sensing measurement, the proposed tracking scheme, based on the Bayesian filtering concept, is handled by a state space model. The location tracking problem is divided into many mutual-interaction local constraints with the inherent message- passing features of factor graphs.