Age and Gender Disparities in the Association of Long-Term Dietary Choline and Choline Compound Intakes with Incident Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

: The neuroprotective role of dietary choline during adulthood has not yet been conclusively proven. This study aims to investigate the influence of long-term choline and its constituent intakes on cognitive decline in the Chinese population. : A total of 4502 subjects (≥55 years) with at least two waves of completed data and without cognitive decline at baseline were selected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997-2018.

Dietary Choline Intake Is Beneficial for Cognitive Function and Delays Cognitive Decline: A 22-Year Large-Scale Prospective Cohort Study from China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Pre-clinical studies have discovered the neuroprotective function and the benefit for cognitive function of choline. However, it remains unclear whether these benefits observed in animal studies also work in humans. The aims of this study are to examine the effects of dietary choline intake on cognitive function and cognitive decline during ageing in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.

[Relationship between the percentage of energy intake from macronutrients and obesity among adult residents in 15 provinces of China in 1991-2018].

Objective: To explore the relationship between the percentage of energy intake from macronutrients and obesity in Chinese adult residents, and analyze the cut-off values of macronutrients for predicting obesity.

Methods: Data was collected in China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)in 1991-2018. Adults who participated in at least two waves of the surveys and were not obese at baseline were selected as the study subjects.

Diet Mediate the Impact of Host Habitat on Gut Microbiome and Influence Clinical Indexes by Modulating Gut Microbes and Serum Metabolites.

The impact of external factors on the human gut microbiota and how gut microbes contribute to human health is an intriguing question. Here, the gut microbiome of 3,224 individuals (496 with serum metabolome) with 109 variables is studied. Multiple analyses reveal that geographic factors explain the greatest variance of the gut microbiome and the similarity of individuals' gut microbiome is negatively correlated with their geographic distance.

[Evaluation of the front-of-package warning labels of prepackaged food in China based on focus group discussion].

Objective: To understand the public's perceptions and preferences on the designed front-of-package warning labels of prepackaged food, and to evaluate and identify the effective warning label.

Methods: A total of 116 participants were recruited from six provinces(autonomous regions/municipalities) in China. Focus group discussions were conducted with four types of warning labels on prepackaged food.

[Designing effective front-of-package warning labels for prepackaged food in China:based on Delphi method].

Objective: To design front-of-package warning labels for prepackaged food adapted to the Chinese context.

Methods: Delphi method was used to evaluate the first graft of indicatorsof the front-of-package warning labels. The front-of-package warning labels suitable for China's national conditions was selected according to the direct scoring method.

[Relationship between physical activity and muscle mass loss among people aged 60 and above in 15 provinces of China in 2015].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between physical activity and muscle mass loss among Chinese elderly aged 60 years and above in 15 provinces.

Methods: Data was collected from 2015 China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study. Information on demographic characteristics and physical activity was investigated by questionnaire.

The Mediation and Moderation Effect Association among Physical Activity, Body-Fat Percentage, Blood Pressure, and Serum Lipids among Chinese Adults: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Surveys in 2015.

Physical activity (PA) is of benefit and particularly important for cardiovascular disease risk factors as being sedentary becomes a lifestyle habit. Research into Chinese complex association among physical activity, body-fat percentage (BF%), blood pressure, and serum lipids is limited. The present study is based on an observational study among adults (>18 years old) residing in fifteen provinces in China.

[Development and validation of the nutrient-rich food index for China].

Objective: To select the nutrient-rich food(NRF) index applicable to the food characteristics of Chinese residents through population-based dietary quality validation.

Methods: Sixteen NRF indices were constructed based on the Chinese Food Composition Table and the Chinese Food Labelling Nutrient Reference Values, using 100 g as the base amount of food for calculation. The NRF indices were validated by the China Prime Diet Quality Score(CPDQS), a dietary quality assessment index, using food intake data collected from 14 068 adult residents in 15 provinces in 2018 under the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Multiple Trajectories of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference and Their Associations with Hypertension and Blood Pressure in Chinese Adults from 1991 to 2018: A Prospective Study.

Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) have been suggested to be involved in the etiology of hypertension. The present study aimed to determine multiple trajectories of BMI and WC, then examined their associations with the risks of hypertension and high blood pressure in Chinese adults. The study used China Health and Nutrition Survey data from 1991 to 2018.

Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trends of Dietary Niacin Intake in Chinese Residents ≥ 5 Years of Age between 1991 and 2018.

Limited knowledge exists on trends in niacin consumption and the prevalence of inadequate intakes in China. Understanding trends and the spatial distribution of the prevalence of inadequate niacin intake is crucial to identifying high-risk areas and sub-populations. The dietary intakes of niacin between 1991 and 2018 were analyzed using the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data.

Consumers' Perceptions of the Design of Front-of-Package Warning Labels-A Qualitative Study in China.

The warning label is identified as a simple front-of-package labeling format that assists consumers in making healthier food choices at the point of purchase. The color and/or shape of the design elements of the packaging labels can influence the understanding and purchase intention outcomes. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of consumers regarding differently designed warning labels (WLs) to identify a possibly suitable warning label design in the Chinese context.

Association of Dietary Protein Intake with Muscle Mass in Elderly Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Most data regarding the association between dietary protein intake and muscle mass come from developed Western countries. This cross-sectional study investigates the association between the amount and distribution of dietary protein intake and muscle mass in elderly Chinese adults. This analysis includes 4826 participants aged 60 years and above from the dataset of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2018.

Associations of dietary diversity with the gut microbiome, fecal metabolites, and host metabolism: results from 2 prospective Chinese cohorts.

Background: Dietary diversity is essential for human health. The gut ecosystem provides a potential link between dietary diversity, host metabolism, and health, yet this mechanism is poorly understood.

Objectives: Here, we aimed to investigate the relation between dietary diversity and the gut environment as well as host metabolism from a multiomics perspective.

[Fat intake from pre-packaged foods among Chinese residents of 16 provinces in 2018].

Objective: To investigate the impact of prepackaged food consumption on fat intake in 16 provinces of China in 2018.

Methods: Data used in present study was derived from the eleventh round of China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS), 17312 residents aged 6 and over were selected and their consumed information of pre-packaged food was collected. The consumption of pre-packaged food and fat intake from pre-packaged food in urban and rural areas, different age groups, different regions and different genders were calculated and compared.

[Trends of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 7-17 in 16 provinces of China from 2000 to 2018].

Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics and trends of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents aged 7-17 years in 16 provinces of China.

Methods: Data were collected from China health and nutrition survey in 2000, 2006, 2011, 2015 and 2018, 8398 children and adolescents aged 7-17 with complete data were selected as the research objects. Overweight and obesity were classified by body mass index(BMI) reference norm for screening overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents.

Association of gut microbiota with glycaemic traits and incident type 2 diabetes, and modulation by habitual diet: a population-based longitudinal cohort study in Chinese adults.

Aims/hypothesis: The gut microbiome is mainly shaped by diet, and varies across geographical regions. Little is known about the longitudinal association of gut microbiota with glycaemic control. We aimed to identify gut microbiota prospectively associated with glycaemic traits and type 2 diabetes in a geographically diverse population, and examined the cross-sectional association of dietary or lifestyle factors with the identified gut microbiota.

[Snacking behaviors of Chinese female adults aged 18 to 49 years old in 2004-2015].

Objective: To describe shift in snacking behavior among Chinese female adults aged 18 to 49 years old in 2004-2015, and to analyze the contribution of snacks to energy and nutrients among them.

Methods: The present study used data from "China Health and Nutrition Health" where a multistage stratified cluster design was employed to select a stratified probability sample. A total of 12 523 female participants aged 18-49 years old who participated in surveys conducted in 2004-2015 with completed data of demographic characteristics and dietary measurementswere selectedas subjects.

[Secular trends in food intakes among the elderly aged 60 and older in nine provinces in China from 1991 to 2015].

Objective: To analysis the status and trend of food intake of elderly aged 60 and older years old in nine provinces of China.

Methods: The data of China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2015 were used, which elderly ≥60 years old were selected as the subjects. The dietary survey used compared.

Stressed females, rather than males, tend to eat away from home.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the association between perceived stress and multifarious eating away from home among Chinese adults in different genders.

Methods: We examined cross-sectional data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 2018 among Chinese adults aged 18-59 years. A self-reported questionnaire involving the perceived stress scale with 10 items (PSS-10), and the food frequency questionnaire about eating away from home were used.

Multi-Trajectories of Macronutrient Intake and Their Associations with Obesity among Chinese Adults from 1991 to 2018: A Prospective Study.

Studies on macronutrient intake and obesity have been inconclusive. This study examined the associations between multi-trajectories of macronutrients and the risk of obesity in China. We used data from 7914 adults who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey at least three times from 1991 to 2018.

Trajectories of energy intake distribution and subsequent risk of hyperglycemia among Chinese adults: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997-2018).

Aims: Few studies have examined the secular trend of the energy intake distribution, and its effect on future risk of hyperglycemia. This study aims to describe trajectories of energy intake distribution over 12 years and relate them to subsequent risk of hyperglycemia over 9 years of follow-up.

Methods: Our study used ten waves of data from the CHNS survey, a population-based longitudinal survey in China, ongoing since 1989.

Dietary Protein Intake Dynamics in Elderly Chinese from 1991 to 2018.

Unique rapid urbanization-related changes in China may affect the dietary protein intake of the aging population. We aimed to evaluate trends in dietary protein intake and major food sources of protein and estimate conformity to the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) in the elderly Chinese population. A sample of 10,854 elderly adults aged 60 years or older, drawn from 10 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) between 1991 and 2018, was included.