Interleukin-4 promotes the clearance of amyloid-β by monocyte through enhancing the recognition and intracellular processing of amyloid-β.

Background: Impaired clearance of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in the peripheral system is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysfunctional monocytes with deficient clearance of Aβ and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory factors in the periphery are considered to contribute to AD development. Multiple studies suggest that IL-4 can inhibit the inflammatory response and enhance the expression and activity of cathepsin protease associated with intracellular clearance of Aβ by monocytes.

The role of neutrophil and LDL-C levels in predicting intracranial hemorrhage following endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objectives: To investigate the association between intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and preoperative levels of neutrophils and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), and to assess the predictive value of preoperative levels of neutrophils and LDL-C.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical records of patients diagnosed with AIS who underwent EVT at Nanchong Central Hospital between 2019 and 2023. Multivariate regression analysis was employed to examine the association of preoperative levels of neutrophils and LDL-C with the occurrence of ICH.

Upregulation of glutamate transporter 1 by mTOR/Akt pathway in astrocyte culture during oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation.

Astrocyte-specific glutamate transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1) plays an important role in influencing glutamate excitatory toxicity and preventing the death of excitatory toxic neurons. Although the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/protein kinase B(Akt)/nuclear factor kappa B signaling cascade is involved in the upregulation of astrocytic GLT-1 in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), it is unclear whether the mTOR/Akt pathway is involved in astrocytic GLT-1 upregulation in OGD and reoxygenation (OGD/R). In this study, we found that the treatment of cultured astrocytes with rapamycin and triciribine led to the decreased astrocytes' protrusions, smaller nuclei, and an increased apoptotic rate.

Construction and validation of a m6A RNA methylation and ferroptosis-related prognostic model for pancreatic cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Background: Both N6-methyladenosine (m6A) ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation and ferroptosis regulators are demonstrated to have significant effects on the malignant clinicopathological characteristics of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) patients. However, the currently available clinical indexes are not sufficient to predict precise prognostic outcomes pf PAAD patients accurately. This study aims to examine the clinicopathologic features of m6A RNA methylation and ferroptosis regulators in predicting the outcomes of different types of cancer.

The biogenesis and secretion of exosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs): Intercellular shuttles and implications in human diseases.

Exosomes carry and transmit signaling molecules used for intercellular communication. The generation and secretion of exosomes is a multistep interlocking process that allows simultaneous control of multiple regulatory sites. Protein molecules, mainly RAB GTPases, cytoskeletal proteins and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion attachment protein receptor (SNARE), are specifically regulated in response to pathological conditions such as altered cellular microenvironment, stimulation by pathogenic factors, or gene mutation.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of a variety of chemicals to treat migraine in the neurology department.

Background: Migraine refers to a group of recurrent, chronic, neurological, and vascular diseases. Long-term recurrent migraine not only affects personal life and work, but also results in a huge economic burden on the family and society. Timely and accurate diagnosis of migraine and early and standardized treatment can effectively control migraine attacks.

Keratin 17 upregulation promotes cell metastasis and angiogenesis in colon adenocarcinoma.

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), having high malignancy and poor prognosis, is the main pathological type of colon cancer. Previous studies show that Keratin 17 (KRT17) plays an important role in the development of many malignant tumors. However, its role and the molecular mechanism underlying COAD remain unclear.

Comparison of full-field optical coherence tomography imaging for pancreatic tissue sample obtained by EUS-fine-needle biopsy and conventional histological examination: A study protocol for a prospective trial.

For a definitive diagnosis of fine-needle aspiration (FNA)/biopsy, one of the reliable techniques to determine the adequacy and accuracy rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of cytological samples is preferable. Because of the lack of trained pathologists, alternatives have to be explored. This study is primarily conducted to determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) and secondarily to evaluate the possibility of FF-OCT differentiating different types of pancreatic diseases.

Relationship of serum ATPase activity and the levels of neuron- specific enolase, S100B and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 with cognitive function after epileptic seizure.

Background: To analyze the relationship of serum ATPase activity and the levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100B protein and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia (Bcl)-2 with cognitive function in patients after epileptic seizure.

Methods: A total of 65 epilepsy patients were enrolled as the epilepsy group from the hospital between May 2017 and February 2019. A control group was formed by 30 healthy volunteers at the same period and in the same area whose basic data matched with those of the epileptic patients.

Performance Analysis of Ionospheric Scintillation Effect on P-Band Sliding Spotlight SAR System.

The space-borne P-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) maintains excellent penetration capability. However, the low carrier frequency restricts its imaging resolution. The sliding spotlight mode provides an operational solution to meet the requirement of high imaging resolution in P-band SAR design.

Correlation between S100A11 and the TGF-β/SMAD4 pathway and its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1.

S100A11 as a S100 protein family member has been documented to play dual-direction regulation over cancer cell proliferation. We explored the role of S100A11 in the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 and the potential mechanisms involving the TGF-β/SMAD4/p21 pathway. S100A11 and TGF-β protein expressions in 30 paraffin-embedded specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

A Novel Strategy of Ambiguity Correction for the Improved Faraday Rotation Estimator in Linearly Full-Polarimetric SAR Data.

Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) missions operating at low frequencies, such as L-band or P-band, are significantly influenced by the ionosphere. As one of the serious ionosphere effects, Faraday rotation (FR) is a remarkable distortion source for the polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) application. Various published FR estimators along with an improved one have been introduced to solve this issue, all of which are implemented by processing a set of PolSAR real data.

S100A11 promotes human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cell proliferation and is involved in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

S100A11, a member of S100 calcium-binding protein family, is associated with the numerous processes of tumorigenesis and metastasis. In the present study, the role of S100A11, and its possible underlying mechanisms in cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in human pancreatic cancer were explored. Immunohistochemical analyses of S100A11 and phosphorylated (p)-AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) were performed in 30 resected specimens from patients with pancreatic cancer.

Sex comb on midleg like-2 is a novel specific marker for the diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Sex comb on midleg like-2 (SCML2) is a polycomb-group protein that encodes transcriptional repressors essential for appropriate development in the fly and in mammals. On the basis of previous findings, the present study aimed to explore the possibility of developing SCML2 into a new diagnostic marker for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). A total of 64 paired GEP-NET tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues were obtained from patients who had undergone surgical resection between January 2009 and January 2014, and the expression of SCML2 and two neuroendocrine markers, namely synaptophysin (Syn) and chromogranin A (CgA), in the tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

The research on association of copy number variation in chromosome 9p21 region with atherothrombotic stroke in the Han Chinese population.

Background/purpose: The copy number variants (CNVs) contain more genetic information compared with SNPs. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the CNVs in Chromosome 9p21 region are associated with increased risk of Atherothrombotic stroke (ATS) in a Han Chinese population.

Methods: A case-controlled association study was conducted in which only patients with ATS were enrolled.

Exploring the Cause of English Pronoun Gender Errors by Chinese Learners of English: Evidence from the Self-paced Reading Paradigm.

To locate the underlying cause of biological gender errors of oral English pronouns by proficient Chinese-English learners, two self-paced reading experiments were conducted to explore whether the reading time for each 'he' or 'she' that matched its antecedent was shorter than that in the corresponding mismatch situation, as with native speakers of English. The critical manipulation was to see whether highlighting the gender information of an antecedent with a human picture would make a difference. The results indicate that such manipulation did make a difference.

S100 family signaling network and related proteins in pancreatic cancer (Review).

The occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer is a complex process convoluted by multi-pathogenies, multi-stages and multi-factors. S100 proteins are members of the S100 family that regulate multiple cellular pathways related to pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. S100 proteins have a broad range of intracellular and extracellular functions, including the regulation of protein phosphorylation and enzyme activity, calcium homeostasis and the regulation of cytoskeletal components and transcriptional factors.

Upregulation of glutamate transporter GLT-1 by mTOR-Akt-NF-кB cascade in astrocytic oxygen-glucose deprivation.

Excessive extracellular glutamate leads to neuronal death in central nervous system. Excitatory glutamate transporter subtype 2 (GLT-1) carries bulk of glutamate reuptake in cerebral ischemia. Although GLT-1 expression fluctuates during the period of ischemia, little is known about its regulatory mechanism.

Insulin increases glutamate transporter GLT1 in cultured astrocytes.

The astroglial cell-specific glutamate transporter subtype 2 (excitatory amino acid transporter 2, GLT1) plays an important role in excitotoxicity that develops after damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is incurred. Both the protein kinase C signaling pathway and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway have been suggested to participate in the modulation of GLT1, but the modulatory mechanisms of GLT1 expression are not fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of insulin on GLT1 expression.

Rheb1 is required for mTORC1 and myelination in postnatal brain development.

mTor kinase is involved in cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. The roles of mTor activators, Rheb1 and Rheb2, have not been established in vivo. Here, we report that Rheb1, but not Rheb2, is critical for embryonic survival and mTORC1 signaling.

SRF binding to SRE 6.9 in the Arc promoter is essential for LTD in cultured Purkinje cells.

It has been suggested that gene expression and protein synthesis are required for both long-term memory consolidation and late phases of long-term potentiation and long-term depression (LTD). The necessary genes and the specific transcription factor binding sites in their promoters remain unknown. We found that inhibition of the transcription factor SRF or its cofactor MAL blocked the late phase of LTD in mouse cultured cerebellar Purkinje cells, as did deletion of the immediate early gene Arc.