Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) fundamentally differ from tobacco cigarettes in their generation of liquid-based aerosols. Investigating how e-cig aerosols behave when inhaled into the dynamic environment of the lung is important for understanding vaping-related exposure and toxicity. A ventilated artificial lung model was developed to replicate the ventilatory and environmental features of the human lung and study their impact on the characteristics of inhaled e-cig aerosols from simulated vaping scenarios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
December 2024
Traditional in vitro and in vivo models for inhalation toxicology studies often fail to replicate the anatomical and physiological conditions of the human lung. This limitation hinders our understanding of intrapulmonary exposures and their related health effects. To address this gap, we developed a ventilated artificial lung system that replicates human inhalation exposures in four key aspects: (1) facilitating continuous breathing with adjustable respiratory parameters; (2) distributing inhaled aerosols through transitional airflow fields in 3D-printed airway structures, which enables size-dependent particle deposition; (3) duplicating the warm and humid lung environment to promote inhaled aerosol dynamics, such as hygroscopic growth; and (4) supporting the cultivation of human airway epithelium for aerosol exposure and toxicological analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn California, wildfire risk and severity have grown substantially in the last several decades. Research has characterized extensive adverse health impacts from exposure to wildfire-attributable fine particulate matter (PM), but few studies have quantified long-term outcomes, and none have used a wildfire-specific chronic dose-response mortality coefficient. Here, we quantified the mortality burden for PM exposure from California fires from 2008 to 2018 using Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system wildland fire PM estimates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Antiangiogenic treatment and immunochemotherapy effectively treat patients with advanced esophageal cancer. However, there remains a dearth of studies concerning neoadjuvant therapy for resectable esophageal cancer.
Methods: The study focused on patients with T2-4NxM0 resectable esophageal carcinoma.
Background And Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a proliferation of intubation barriers designed to protect healthcare workers from infection. We developed the Suction-Assisted Local Aerosol Containment Chamber (SLACC) and tested it in the operating room. The primary objectives were to determine the ease and safety of airway management with SLACC, and to measure its efficacy of aerosol containment to determine if it significantly reduces exposure to health care workers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFine particulate matter (PM ) contains carcinogens similar to those generated by tobacco smoking, which may increase the risks of developing smoking-related cancers, such as upper aerodigestive track (UADT) cancers, for both smokers and never-smokers. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the relation between ambient PM exposure and risk of UADT cancers. A population-based case-control study involving 565 incident UADT cancer cases and 983 controls was conducted in Los Angeles County from 1999 to 2004.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption is a key climate mitigation tool, but its environmental justice implications remain unclear. Here, we quantify ZEV adoption at the census tract level in California from 2015 to 2020 and project it to 2035 when all new passenger vehicles sold are expected to be ZEVs. We then apply an integrated traffic model together with a dispersion model to simulate air quality changes near roads in the Greater Los Angeles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have become increasingly popular, especially among youth, raising concerns about their potential health risks. JUUL and Tank devices are two common types of e-cigs that deliver aerosols with varying nicotine levels and flavors. However, the differences in the aerosols generated from different devices and their corresponding cytotoxicity and pulmonary injury effects remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAluminum (Al) stress triggers the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in roots. However, whether H2O2 plays a regulatory role in aluminum resistance remains unclear. In this study, we show that H2O2 plays a crucial role in regulation of Al resistance, which is modulated by the mitochondrion-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein REGULATION OF ALMT1 EXPRESSION 6 (RAE6).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMucin 16 (MUC16) mutation ranks third among all common mutations in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and it has a certain effect on LUAD development and prognostic outcome. This research aimed to analyze the effects of MUC16 mutation on LUAD immunophenotype regulation and determine the prognostic outcome using an immune prognostic model (IPM) built with immune-related genes. The MUC16 mutation status and mRNA expression profiles were analyzed using diverse platforms and among several LUAD patients (n = 691).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To evaluate the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and preterm birth and post-term birth.
Methods: This longitudinal-based research studied singleton pregnant women from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) (2019). Total GWG (kg) was converted to gestational age-standardized z scores.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the characteristics of contingent negative variation (CNV) in groups at high risk for antisocial personality disorder.
Materials And Methods: A classic CNV paradigm was used to compare the characteristics of attention maintenance among a group of individuals with conduct disorder (CD group; = 27), a group of individuals with antisocial personality traits (AP; = 29), a group of individuals with conduct disorder and antisocial personality traits (CD + AP group; = 25), and a group of healthy controls (CG group; = 30), to examine the characteristics of the amplitude and latency of CNV in different processing stages.
Results: Results of the event-related potential analysis were as follows: The mean amplitude analysis between 500 and 1,000 ms revealed that the mean CNV amplitudes in the CD + AP group (-1.
Oxidative potential (OP) has been proposed as a possible integrated metric for particles smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM) to evaluate adverse health outcomes associated with particulate air pollution exposure. Here, we investigate how OP depends on sources and chemical composition and how OP varies by land use type and neighborhood socioeconomic position in the Los Angeles area.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegrins are involved in extracellular and intracellular signaling and are often aberrantly expressed in tumors. Integrin beta 2 (ITGB2) has previously been demonstrated to be correlated with the host defense. However, the expression profile and role of ITGB2 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Hyg Environ Health
September 2022
Hypertension is a key driver of cardiovascular diseases. However, how stressors contribute to the development of hypertension remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine prospective associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adulthood psychosocial disadvantages (APDs) with incident hypertension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe increasing number and severity of wildfires is negatively impacting air quality for millions of California residents each year. Community exposure to PM in two main population centers (San Francisco Bay area and Los Angeles County area) was assessed using the low-cost PurpleAir sensor network for the record-setting 2020 California wildfire season. Estimated PM concentrations in each study area were compared to census tract-level environmental justice vulnerability indicators, including environmental, health, and demographic data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmission inventory plays an important role in designing effective emission control strategies. Currently, there is unbalanced development of CO and air pollutant emission inventories in China and the spatial information of both cannot be obtained simultaneously, which prevents a collaborative control strategy. In this study, we developed a unified emission inventory including both CO and air pollutants, then utilized spatial mapping methods to identify the co-hotspots of both CO and air pollutants at a high spatial resolution (1 × 1 km).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDue to regulations and technological advancements reducing tailpipe emissions, an increasing proportion of emissions arise from brake and tire wear particulate matter (PM). PM from these non-tailpipe sources contains heavy metals capable of generating oxidative stress in the lung. Although important, these particles remain understudied because the high cost of actively collecting filter samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe purpose of this study was to construct a multidisciplinary collaborative nursing model for pulmonary embolism risk prediction, early warning, and precontrol based on the Smith model and evaluate the application effect and hospitalization satisfaction. 2,037 patients hospitalized in the thoracic surgery department from June 1, 2019, to May 31, 2021, were selected as the research subjects. The control group received routine pulmonary embolism prevention management, while the experimental group received safe, case-based, and programmatic multidisciplinary intervention management based on the Smith policy management model.
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