Pathological mechanisms and related markers of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Background: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory orthopedic disease with a high disability rate. Long-term administration of steroids is the most common pathogenic factor for non-traumatic ONFH. Early diagnosis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is difficult and mainly depends on imaging.

Country-wide data of ecosystem structure from the third Dutch airborne laser scanning survey.

The third Dutch national airborne laser scanning flight campaign (AHN3, Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland) conducted between 2014 and 2019 during the leaf-off season (October-April) across the whole Netherlands provides a free and open-access, country-wide dataset with ∼700 billion points and a point density of ∼10(-20) points/m. The AHN3 point cloud was obtained with Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) technology and contains for each point the x, y, z coordinates and additional characteristics (e.g.

Modified Smoothing Algorithm for Tracking Multiple Maneuvering Targets in Clutter.

This research work extends the fixed interval smoothing based on the joint integrated track splitting (FIsJITS) filter in the multi-maneuvering-targets (MMT) tracking environment. We contribute to tackling unknown dynamics of the multi-maneuvering-targets (MMT) using the standard kinematic model. This work is referred to as smoothing MMT using the JITS (MMT-sJITS).

Multi-Sonar Distributed Fusion for Target Detection and Tracking in Marine Environment.

The multi-sonar distributed fusion system has been pervasively deployed to jointly detect and track marine targets. In the realistic scenario, the origin of locally transmitted tracks is uncertain due to clutter disturbance and the presence of multi-target. Moreover, attributed to the different sonar internal processing times and diverse communication delays between sonar and the fusion center, tracks unavoidably arrive in the fusion center with temporal out-of-sequence (OOS), both problems pose significant challenges to the fusion system.

A patient with Turner syndrome received the percutaneous vertebroplasty seven times: a case report and literature review.

Background: Turner syndrome (TS) is characterized as the complete or partial absence of one X chromosome and is an extremely rare disease affecting approximately 1:2500 live female births. Though the prevalence of osteoporosis among women with TS is estimated to be around 55-64% and they suffer more frequently from fractures than normal, few reports concerning TS patients with osteoporosis are able to be seen due to tiny number of patients.

Case Presentation: Here, we report a rare case of TS with osteoporosis, who has undergone percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) seven times because of several vertebral compression fractures (VCFs).

A Hybrid Newton-Raphson and Particle Swarm Optimization Method for Target Motion Analysis by Batch Processing.

Bearing-only target motion analysis (BO-TMA) by batch processing remains a challenge due to the lack of information on underwater target maneuvering and the nonlinearity of sensor measurements. Traditional batch estimation for BO-TMA is mainly performed based on deterministic algorithms, and studies performed with heuristic algorithms have recently been reported. However, since the two algorithms have their own advantages and disadvantages, interest in a hybrid method that complements the disadvantages and combines the advantages of the two algorithms is increasing.

A Modified Bayesian Framework for Multi-Sensor Target Tracking with Out-of-Sequence-Measurements.

Target detection and tracking is important in military as well as in civilian applications. In order to detect and track high-speed incoming threats, modern surveillance systems are equipped with multiple sensors to overcome the limitations of single-sensor based tracking systems. This research proposes the use of information from RADAR and Infrared sensors (IR) for tracking and estimating target state dynamics.

Distributed Target Tracking in Challenging Environments Using Multiple Asynchronous Bearing-Only Sensors.

In the multiple asynchronous bearing-only (BO) sensors tracking system, there usually exist two main challenges: (1) the presence of clutter measurements and the target misdetection due to imperfect sensing; (2) the out-of-sequence (OOS) arrival of locally transmitted information due to diverse sensor sampling interval or internal processing time or uncertain communication delay. This paper simultaneously addresses the two problems by proposing a novel distributed tracking architecture consisting of the local tracking and central fusion. To get rid of the kinematic state unobservability problem in local tracking for a single BO sensor scenario, we propose a novel local integrated probabilistic data association (LIPDA) method for target measurement state tracking.

X-ray Pulsar-Based Navigation Considering Spacecraft Orbital Motion and Systematic Biases.

The accuracy of X-ray pulsar-based navigation is greatly affected by the Doppler effect caused by the spacecraft orbital motion and the systematic biases introduced by the pulsar directional error, spacecraft-borne clock error, etc. In this paper, an innovative navigation method simultaneously employing the pulse phase (PP), the difference of two neighbor PPs (DPP) and the Doppler frequency (DF) of X-ray pulsars as measurements is proposed to solve this problem. With the aid of the spacecraft orbital dynamics, a single pair of PP and DF relative to the spacecraft's state estimation error can be estimated by using the joint probability density function of the arrival photon timestamps as the likelihood function.

An Efficient Multi-Path Multitarget Tracking Algorithm for Over-The-Horizon Radar.

In target tracking environments using over-the-horizon radar (OTHR), one target may generate multiple detections through different signal propagation paths. Trackers need to jointly handle the uncertainties stemming from both measurement origin and measurement path. Traditional multitarget tracking algorithms suffer from high computational loads in such environments since they need to enumerate all possible joint measurement-to-track assignments considering the measurements paths unless they employ some approximations regarding the measurements and their corresponding paths.

Multisensor-Based Target-Tracking Algorithm with Out-of-Sequence-Measurements in Cluttered Environments.

A localization and tracking algorithm for an early-warning tracking system based on the information fusion of Infrared (IR) sensor and Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) is proposed. The proposed Kalman filter scheme incorporates Out-of-Sequence Measurements (OOSMs) to address long-range, high-speed incoming targets to be tracked by networked Remote Observation Sites (ROS) in cluttered environments. The Rauch⁻Tung⁻Striebel (RTS) fixed lag smoothing algorithm is employed in the proposed technique to further improve tracking accuracy, which, in turn, is used for target profiling and efficient filter initialization at the targeted platform.

Improved Multitarget Tracking in Clutter Using Bearings-Only Measurements.

Multitarget tracking in clutter using bearings-only measurements is a challenging problem. In this paper, a performance improved nonlinear filter is proposed on the basis of the Random Finite Set (RFS) theory and is named as Gaussian mixture measurements-based cardinality probability hypothesis density (GMMbCPHD) filter. The GMMbCPHD filter enables to address two main issues: measurement-origin-uncertainty and measurement nonlinearity, which constitutes the key problems in bearings-only multitarget tracking in clutter.

[Efficacy and safety of the Jinling procedure in the treatment of adult Hirschsprung disease].

Objective: To investigate the safety, efficacy and long-term outcomes of Jinling procedure in the treatment of adult Hirschsprung disease.

Methods: Clinical and follow-up data of 125 patients with adult Hirschsprung disease undergoing Jinling procedure at the Department of General Surgery between January 2000 and January 2013 were summarized. All the patients were diagnosed by CT, barium enema, anorectal pressure detection and pathology examination.

Transient widespread cortical and splenial lesions in acute encephalitis/encephalopathy associated with primary Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is very common and usually occurs in childhood or early adulthood. Encephalitis/encephalopathy is an uncommon but serious neurological complication of EBV. A case of EBV-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy with involvement of reversible widespread cortical and splenial lesions is presented herein.