The Impact of "The Real Cost" on E-cigarette Initiation among U.S. Youth.

Introduction: E-cigarette use among U.S. youth has declined in recent years.

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth-Derived Exosomes for the Treatment of Acute Liver Injury and Liver Fibrosis.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in regenerative medicine due to their regenerative potential. However, traditional MSC-based therapies are hindered by issues such as microvascular obstruction and low cell survival after transplantation. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-Exo) provide a cell-free, nanoscale alternative, mitigating these risks and offering therapeutic potential for liver diseases.

Illuminating Lead Coordination in Perovskite Precursors via Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

The properties of perovskite precursors critically determine the ultimate performance of perovskite devices, yet simple and accessible real-time precursor characterization methods remain scarce. Here, we systematically investigate the lead (Pb) coordination environment in perovskite precursors using fluorescence spectroscopy. By examining lead halide [PbX6]⁴- octahedra (X = Cl, Br, I) and monitoring their luminescence under different solvents and A-site cation compositions, we unveil how [PbX6]⁴- distinct aggregation states give rise to characteristic fluorescence "fingerprints.

Trending green atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)-modified lactic acid bacteria: application as a bioadsorbent to detoxicate aflatoxin B in grains.

Background: To address the severe health risks posed by aflatoxin B (AFB) in grain, this study employed polydopamine-based atom transfer radical polymerization (p-ATRP) and cytochrome C-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (c-ATRP) as cytocompatible modification techniques to coat the surface of living Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB) cells with the temperature-sensitive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm).

Results: Two novel bioadsorbents were synthesized. The incorporation of PNIPAAm as an 'AFB vacuum cleaner' layer significantly enhances LAB's adsorption efficiency and enables temperature-controlled desorption.

Bioremediation of non-point hydrogen sulfide emissions using bacterial cellulose/activated carbon membrane.

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (HS) gas, characterized by its low odor threshold and toxicity, poses significant challenges in non-point source odor management. Traditional biotechnologies are effective in removing malodorous gases from point sources but they are limited for non-point source odor control.

Results: In this study, the sqr and pdo genes from Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134 were introduced into the bacterial cellulose-producing strain Kosakonia oryzendophytica FY-07.

Efficacy and safety of self-retaining double-needle barb suture in transabdominal path robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for T1 renal cancer.

Objectives: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of self-retaining barbed double-layer sutures (SRBDS) used for wound sutures in stage T1 renal cancer undergoing peritoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic partial renal resection.

Methods: A total of 50 patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for localized renal tumors (< 7 cm) in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected. The experimental-group and the control-group randomly included 25 patients, respectively.

Higher Structure of Chiral Symmetry.

A recent development in our understanding of the theory of quantum fields is the fact that familiar gauge theories in spacetime dimensions greater than two can have non-invertible symmetries generated by topological defects. The hallmark of these non-invertible symmetries is that the fusion rule deviates from the usual group-like structure, and in particular the fusion coefficients take values in topological field theories (TFTs) rather than in mere numbers. In this paper we begin an exploration of the associativity structure of non-invertible symmetries in higher dimensions.

Two-in-One Copolymerized Precursor Derived Thermal Stable Hybrid Aerogel for Insulation and UV-Shielding.

Hybridization by multi-components in an aerogel is an efficient way to make nanoporous aerogel robust, high-temperature stable and multifunctional. While in the formation of aerogel network by a liquid-solid phase separation, solid-solid phase separation between the multi-component is likely to be triggered by enthalpy penalty, which would undermine the synergistically effects. Here, this work presents a copolymerized precursor that simultaneously incorporates two metals in one precursor, to efficiently suppress the potential solid-solid phase separation between the distinct components during sol-gel reaction.

Effects of 3.95 μm infrared moxibustion on cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, controlled trial.

Cancer-related fatigue(CRF) is a prevalent and distressing symptom among cancer patients. This study aimed to assess the initial effectiveness and safety of 3.95 μm infrared moxibustion for CRF.

Unraveling the substrate-binding pocket: Endowing carbonyl reductase BaSDRX with intriguing inconsistent stereoselectivity towards similar structured β-Ketoesters.

Tailoring of carbonyl reductase with desired stereoselectivity for the asymmetric reduction of given β-ketoesters continues to pose a significant challenge. The reconstruction of substrate-binding pocket endowed carbonyl reductase BaSDRX with inconsistent stereoselectivity towards similar structured β-ketoesters. The variant F86C/E142A showed reversed stereoselectivity towards β-ketoesters with a larger substituent on the carbonyl side, giving antiPrelog alcohols with ee values varied from 52.

pH-Responsive Engineered Exosomes Enhance Endogenous Hyaluronan Production by Reprogramming Chondrocytes for Cartilage Repair.

Trauma or inflammation-caused cartilage injury leads to joint dysfunction and pain. Exogenous hyaluronic acid (HA) injection is a well-established treatment, but it has a short duration in vivo and requires multiple injections. Here, a new strategy for in situ reprogramming chondrocytes to continuously produce endogenous high molecular weight HA is developed.

Using EEG microstates to examine whole-brain neuronal networks during offline rest consolidation after visual perceptual learning.

Visual perceptual learning (VPL) leads to improvements in visual skills after practice or training in visual perceptual tasks. Evidence suggests that newly formed skills are preferentially consolidated by the brain during offline task-free periods. Additionally, VPL can lead to changes in brain areas associated with higher cognitive functions.

P2TC: A Lightweight Pyramid Pooling Transformer-CNN Network for Accurate 3D Whole Heart Segmentation.

Cardiovascular disease is a leading global cause of death, requiring accurate heart segmentation for diagnosis and surgical planning. Deep learning methods have been demonstrated to achieve superior performances in cardiac structures segmentation. However, there are still limitations in 3D whole heart segmentation, such as inadequate spatial context modeling, difficulty in capturing long-distance dependencies, high computational complexity, and limited representation of local high-level semantic information.

GBCT: Efficient and Adaptive Clustering via Granular-Ball Computing for Complex Data.

Traditional clustering algorithms often focus on the most fine-grained information and achieve clustering by calculating the distance between each pair of data points or implementing other calculations based on points. This way is not inconsistent with the cognitive mechanism of "global precedence" in the human brain, resulting in those methodsbad performance in efficiency, generalization ability, and robustness. To address this problem, we propose a new clustering algorithm called granular-ball clustering via granular-ball computing.

The HTIRDB: A resource containing a transcriptional atlas for 105 different tissues from each of seven species of domestic herbivore.

Here, we describe the Herbivore Transcriptome Integrated Resource Database (HTIRDB, https://yanglab.hzau.edu.

A Deferoxamine-Loaded Microneedle Patch Enhances Healing of Radiation-Induced Skin Injury: Potential Involvement of Ferroptosis.

Radiation-induced skin injury (RSI) presents a significant challenge in wound care due to its complex pathophysiology, which includes increased oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, and delayed re-epithelialization. Transcriptomic analysis reveals significant alterations in genes associated with the ferroptosis pathway following radiation exposure. In this study, we introduce microneedles composed of silk fibroin hydrogel loaded with deferoxamine (SF+MNs+DFO) to inhibit ferroptosis.

Sub-Minute Fabrication of Metal Organic Framework Membranes via Additive-Accelerated Electrodeposition.

Efficient fabrication of metal organic framework (MOF) membranes is important for their broad applications in molecular separations. However, current approaches for MOF membrane fabrication are usually time-consuming due to the slow, random nucleation and crystal growth, particularly the lack of in-situ defect healing ability. Here, we report an additive-accelerated electrodeposition method, which allows ultrafast fabrication of MOF membranes through the synergy of electric field and catecholamine additives.

Visualizing nanoparticle surface dynamics and instabilities enabled by deep denoising.

Materials functionalities may be associated with atomic-level structural dynamics occurring on the millisecond timescale. However, the capability of electron microscopy to image structures with high spatial resolution and millisecond temporal resolution is often limited by poor signal-to-noise ratios. With an unsupervised deep denoising framework, we observed metal nanoparticle surfaces (platinum nanoparticles on cerium oxide) in a gas environment with time resolutions down to 10 milliseconds at a moderate electron dose.

Targeted Degradation of ZBP1 with Covalent PROTACs for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment of Infections.

Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) has emerged as a critical pathogen-sensing protein that upon activation, triggers necroptotic signaling cascades, leading to a potent inflammatory response and potentially causing significant tissue damage. However, available drugs specifically developed for the effective inhibition or degradation of ZBP1 is still lacking so far. In this study, we developed a potent covalent recognition-based PROTAC (C-PROTAC) molecule for the degradation of ZBP1.

A colonic polyps detection algorithm based on an improved YOLOv5s.

Colon cancer is a prevalent malignancy, substantially it prevented most effectively from killing patients through early endoscopic detection. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the early diagnosis rate of colonic polyps achieves greater clinical efficacy for colon cancer by applying target detection algorithms to colonoscopy images. This paper presents two outcomes achieved through the application of the improved YOLOv5s algorithm with annotated microscopy images of clinical cases and publicly available polyp image data: (1) enhancement of the C3(Cross Stage Partial Networks) module with multiple layers to C3SE(Cross Stage Partial Networks with Squeeze-and-Excitation) via the attention mechanism SE (squeeze-and-excitation) and (2) fusion of higher-level features utilizing BiFPN (the weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network).

Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and overactive bladder in the elderly population: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) is increasing in the elderly population and there is growing evidence that malnutrition affects the urinary system. Despite this, research on the relationship between nutritional factors and OAB remains limited.

Methods: We included 17,161 elderly individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2005 and 2018.

The Critical Saturation Magnetization Properties of Nanocrystalline Alloy Under Rectangular Wave Excitation with Adjustable Duty Cycle.

High-frequency transformers are subject to excitation with a changing duty cycle during operation. Due to magnetic relaxation, the duty cycle of the rectangular wave affects the magnetization time of nanocrystalline alloy for the core material, which affects whether the transformer can reach the saturation operating point. Based on the micromagnetic theory, a three-dimensional model of the nanocrystalline alloy is established, and rectangular wave excitation with different duty cycle is applied to the micro-model.