Functional abnormalities of the glymphatic system in cognitive disorders.

Various pathological mechanisms represent distinct therapeutic targets for cognitive disorders, but a balance between clearance and production is essential for maintaining the stability of the brain's internal environment. Thus, the glymphatic system may represent a common pathway by which to address cognitive disorders. Using the established model of the glymphatic system as our foundation, this review disentangles and analyzes the components of its clearance mechanism, including the initial inflow of cerebrospinal fluid, the mixing of cerebrospinal fluid with interstitial fluid, and the outflow of the mixed fluid and the clearance.

Corrigendum: Advances in retinal imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.

Advances in retinal imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease.

The increasing incidence and mortality rates of cerebrovascular disease impose a heavy burden on both patients and society. Retinal imaging techniques, such as fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography, can be used for rapid, non-invasive evaluation of cerebral microcirculation and brain function since the retina and the central nervous system share similar embryonic origin characteristics and physiological features. This article aimed to review retinal imaging biomarkers related to cerebrovascular diseases and their applications in cerebrovascular diseases (stroke, cerebral small vessel disease [CSVD], and vascular cognitive impairment [VCI]), thus providing reference for early diagnosis and prevention of cerebrovascular diseases.