Preclinical evaluation of a novel antibody-drug conjugate OBI-992 for Cancer therapy.

Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2), a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed in a variety of epithelial cancers, has been considered as a primary therapeutic target for the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). OBI-992, an investigational TROP2-targeted ADC, is composed of a novel TROP2 antibody (R4702) conjugated to the topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitor exatecan through a hydrophilic enzyme-cleavable linker. This study aimed to characterize R4702 and OBI-992 in vitro.

Safety and recovery profile of patients after inhalational anaesthesia versus target-controlled or manual total intravenous anaesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: In the UK, total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) is used in 25% of general anaesthetics and is gaining traction because of its lower environmental impact and effectiveness in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Although meta-analyses have compared TIVA and inhalational anaesthesia (IA), the optimal delivery method-manual infusion or target-controlled infusion (TCI)-remains underexplored. This review addresses this gap, leveraging the rapidly growing body of evidence to guide optimal anaesthetic practice.

Adaptive Weighting based Metal Artifact Reduction in CT Images.

Against the metal artifact reduction (MAR) task in computed tomography (CT) imaging, most of the existing deep-learning-based approaches generally select a single Hounsfield unit (HU) window followed by a normalization operation to preprocess CT images. However, in practical clinical scenarios, different body tissues and organs are often inspected under varying window settings for good contrast. The methods trained on a fixed single window would lead to insufficient removal of metal artifacts when being transferred to deal with other windows.

β-Hydroxybutyrate Facilitates Postinfarction Cardiac Repair via Targeting PHD2.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the major causes of death worldwide, and innovative treatment strategies for MI represent a major challenge in cardiovascular medicine. Caloric restriction (CR) is the most potent nonpharmacological intervention known to prevent age-related disorders and extend lifespan. CR reduces glycolysis and elevates ketone body metabolism.

Comparative analysis of frailty identification tools in community services across the Asia-Pacific: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare various frailty screening and assessment tools with the Frailty Phenotype (FP), Frailty Index (FI), and Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), which are considered the current gold standards, among the Asia-Pacific population in community settings.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting And Participants: This review included studies evaluating frailty identification tools based on the criteria of population, index and reference tests, and diagnosis of interest.

Geometric construction of relativistic and non-relativistic distortion.

To an observer moving through a scene with a relativistic velocity, the scene appears distorted. Here we present a simple geometric interpretation of this relativistic distortion. This interpretation is exact for pinhole cameras whose shutter coincides with the pinhole, and it can easily be modified to take into account time-of-flight effects only that lead to a "non-relativistic distortion," allowing a separation of the relativistic distortion into time-of-flight effects and "truly relativistic" effects.

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on Multiclass Classification of Three-Dimensional Brain Images for Parkinson's Disease Stage Prediction.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, is commonly diagnosed using functional medical imaging techniques such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In this study, we utilized two SPECT data sets (n = 634 and n = 202) from different hospitals to develop a model capable of accurately predicting PD stages, a multiclass classification task. We used the entire three-dimensional (3D) brain images as input and experimented with various model architectures.

The bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of the carcinogenic role of EXO1 in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Exonuclease 1 (EXO1), a protein involved in mismatch repair and recombination processes, has been identified as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Nevertheless, its role in LUAD progression remains elusive. This study seeks to elucidate the functional significance of EXO1 in LUAD and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.

Pd-Catalyzed Migratory 1,1-Cycloannulation Reaction of Alkenes.

Here, we report a novel strategy for the preparation of diverse heterocycles via a Pd-catalyzed migratory 1,1-cycloannulation reaction (MCAR) of alkenes. Starting from readily available alkenyl amines and alkenyl alcohols, this approach allows the formation of a wide range of five- to seven-membered azaheterocycles and oxaheterocycles with high efficiency and good functional group tolerance. The key to the realization of this reaction is the use of 4-iodophenol or 2-iodophenol derivatives where the phenolic hydroxyl group plays a critical role in controlling the direction of migration and the ring-size of the heterocycles through the formation of a quinone methide intermediate.

Soy Protein and Safflower-Seed Oil Attenuate Inflammation and Immune Dysfunction in Rats with Hyperuricemia.

A plant-based diet is considered a promising approach for managing hyperuricemia (HUA). This study examined the effects of soy protein and plant-based oils on HUA-induced inflammation and immune dysfunction. Male Wistar rats, induced with HUA using oxonic acid and uric acid (UA), were fed casein or soy protein with palm or safflower oil (2 × 2 factorial design) for 8 weeks.

Ligand-enabled Ni-catalysed dicarbofunctionalisation of alkenes with diverse native functional groups.

The transition metal-catalysed dicarbofunctionalisation of unactivated alkenes normally requires exogenous strong coordinated directing groups, thus reducing the overall reaction efficiency. Here, we report a ligand-enabled Ni(II)-catalysed dicarbofunctionalisation of unactivated alkenes with aryl/alkenyl boronic acids and alkyl halides as the coupling partners with a diverse range of native functional groups as the directing group. This dicarbofunctionalisation protocol provides an efficient and direct route towards vicinal 1,2-disubstituted alkanes using primary, secondary, tertiary amides, sulfonamides, as well as secondary and tertiary amines under redox-neutral conditions that are challenging to access through conventional methods.

Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Acylsilanes with Heteroarenes via Bimetallic Relay.

The transition metal-catalyzed direct coupling reactions involving electron-rich Fischer carbene species are largely underdeveloped and remain a big challenge. Here, a direct coupling reaction of azoles and azine N-oxides is reported with Fischer copper carbene species bearing an α-siloxy group i, which can be in situ generated from acylsilanes catalytically under photoirradiation and redox-neutral conditions. This coupling reaction between electron-rich α-siloxy Fischer Cu-carbene species with hard carbanion nucleophiles may undergo a bimetallic relay process, which is confirmed by the kinetic analysis and in situ NMR analysis.

Structural Diversity and Dimensionality of Three Cu(II)-dpds-CO Coordination Polymers Controlled by the Coordination Sphere of Cu(II) Centers and the Coordination Modes of CO (dpds = 4,4'-Dipyridyldisulfide).

Three supramolecular architectures, [Cu(dpds)(CO)(HO)]·3HO (), [Cu(dpds)(CO)]·3HO (), and [Cu(dpds)(CO)]·9HO·CHOH () (dpds = 4,4'-dipyridyldisulfide and CO (croconate) = dianion of 4,5-dihydroxycyclopent-4-ene-1,2,3-trione), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound contains two crystallographically independent Cu(II) ions, which are both distorted octahedral geometry with elongation along the croconate- and HO-bound axial positions and bonded with two N atoms of two dpds, two O atoms of one CO , and two HO molecules. Two crystallographically independent dpds ligands, both adopting the bis-monodentate bridging mode, connect two Cu(II) ions to form a one-dimensional zigzag chain-like coordination polymer.

3D-printed controllable bio-accelerators with sustained release property to boost chromium (VI) inhibited denitrification recovery.

Although soluble bio-accelerators have proven effective in mitigating Cr(VI) inhibition within denitrification system, issues persist in immobilizing bio-accelerators and making them slow-release for sustained regulation. In this study, a novel strategy was proposed to fabricate immobilized bio-accelerators with controlled structure, sustained release property by 3D printing technology. Notably, the sustained release of bio-accelerators from 3D-printed bio-accelerators (3DP-B) lasted for at least 144 h.

Construction of Lactones via Ligand-Enabled Ni-Catalyzed Alkene Hydroxylarylation/Lactonization.

Here, we report the preparation of lactones via Ni-catalyzed alkene hydroxylarylation and sequential intramolecular lactonization with O as a green oxidant and oxygen source. The bulky 1,3-diketone ligand is crucial by enabling Ni-catalyzed hydroxylarylation of alkenes, providing numerous phthalide and furanone derivatives with high efficiency under mild conditions. The synthetic value of this methodology was further demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of typhaphthalide and a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor.

Tudor-SN exacerbates pathological vascular remodeling by promoting the polyubiquitination of PTEN via NEDD4-1.

Background: Dysregulation of vascular homeostasis can induce cardiovascular diseases and increase global mortality rates. Although lineage tracing studies have confirmed the pivotal role of modulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the progression of pathological vascular remodeling, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear.

Methods: The expression of Tudor-SN was determined in VSMCs of artery stenosis, PDGF-BB-treated VSMCs and atherosclerotic plaque.

Development and Application of SPOSiPs: A Class of Diphosphine Ligands Based on SPOSiOL.

Here, we report the development and application of a novel class of spirosilacycle-based diphosphine ligands (SPOSiPs). This type of diphosphine ligand could be readily prepared in two steps with high efficiency starting from enantiopure spirobiphenoxasilin-diol (SPOSiOL). According to the structural analysis of SPOSiP and its PdCl complex, SPOSiPs possess a flexible chiral pocket and feature a rigid configuration, a large dihedral angle, a long P-P distance, and a large P-M-P bite angle in their metal complexes.

Stabilizing the Ferroelectric Phase of Hf_{0.5}Zr_{0.5}O_{2} Thin Films by Charge Transfer.

Ferroelectric hafnia-based thin films have attracted significant interest due to their compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology (CMOS). Achieving and stabilizing the metastable ferroelectric phase in these films is crucial for their application in ferroelectric devices. Recent research efforts have concentrated on the stabilization of the ferroelectric phase in hafnia-based films and delving into the mechanisms responsible for this stability.

Future Goal Aspirations of Students With Extensive Support Needs: Findings From NLTS 2012.

This study used data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 (NLTS 2012) to explore the future goal aspirations of students with extensive support needs who participate in alternate assessments, compared to other students with extensive support needs and to students with other disabilities. We examined students' individualized education program (IEP)/transition planning meeting experiences and postschool goals in relation to their functional, communication, and self-advocacy skills, as well as their school/community support. Students with other disabilities held higher expectations than all students with extensive support needs for future participation in postsecondary education, employment, independent living, and financial independence.

A Web-Based Resilience-Enhancing Program to Improve Resilience, Physical Activity, and Well-being in Geriatric Population: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Resilience is a protective factor in healthy aging, helping to maintain and recover physical and mental functions. The Resilience in Illness Model has proven effective in fostering resilience and well-being. Physical activity is crucial for older adults' independence and well-being, even as aging causes a progressive decline.

Complexity Matters: Normalization to Prototypical Viewpoint Induces Memory Distortion along the Vertical Axis of Scenes.

Scene memory is prone to systematic distortions potentially arising from experience with the external world. Boundary transformation, a well-known memory distortion effect along the near-far axis of the three-dimensional space, represents the observer's erroneous recall of scenes' viewing distance. Researchers argued that normalization to the prototypical viewpoint with the high-probability viewing distance influenced this phenomenon.

Topology Prediction of Gas-Separating Metal-Organic Frameworks with Low Symmetry Vertices.

Topology serves as a blueprint for the construction of reticular structures such as metal-organic frameworks, especially for those based on building blocks with highly symmetrical shapes. However, it remains a challenge to predict the topology of the frameworks from less symmetrical units, because their corresponding vertex figures are largely deformed from the perfect geometries with no "default" net embedding. Furthermore, vertices involving flexible units may have multiple shape choices, and the competition among their designated topologies makes the structure prediction in large uncertainty.