Dynamic changes and correlation of quality, flavor and microorganisms of Mei (Prunus mume) vinegar during fermentation and clarification.

Mei (Prunus mume) is a highly nutritious fruit whose value is often underutilized due to its perishable nature and challenges in post-maturation storage. This study evaluated the changes and correlations among quality, volatile flavor compounds (VFCs), and microorganisms in Mei vinegar (MV) during acetic acid fermentation (AAF) and low temperature clarification (LTC) using various clarifiers. The results indicated that AAF enhanced the bioactive components and antioxidant capacity of MV.

Fabrication and characterization of antibacterial nanofiber membranes modified with chitosan and imidazolidinyl urea for potential use in biological waste treatments.

An ion exchange nanofiber membrane (AEA-COOH) was developed from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers through chemical hydrolysis. It was further modified by grafting chitosan (CS) onto its surface, creating the AEA-COOH-CS membrane. Then, both membranes were covalently immobilized with imidazolidinyl urea (IU), resulting in AEA-COOH-IU and AEA-COOH-CS-IU membranes.

Effect of Curcuma longa extract on reproduction function in mice and testosterone production in Leydig cells.

Curcuma longa, best known for its culinary application as the main constituent of curry powder, has shown potential impact on the reproductive system. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Curcuma longa extract (CLE) on Kidney-Yang deficiency mice induced by hydrocortisone and the possible roles in testosterone secretion in Leydig cells. We evaluated male sexual behaviour, reproductive organ weight, testosterone levels, and histological tissue changes in hydrocortisone-induced mice.

DDX21 mediates co-transcriptional RNA mA modification to promote transcription termination and genome stability.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) is a crucial RNA modification that regulates diverse biological processes in human cells, but its co-transcriptional deposition and functions remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the RNA helicase DDX21 with a previously unrecognized role in directing mA modification on nascent RNA for co-transcriptional regulation. DDX21 interacts with METTL3 for co-recruitment to chromatin through its recognition of R-loops, which can be formed co-transcriptionally as nascent transcripts hybridize onto the template DNA strand.

RcMYB8 enhances salt and drought tolerance in rose (Rosa chinensis) by modulating RcPR5/1 and RcP5CS1.

Plant Myeloblastosis (MYB) proteins function crucially roles upon variegated abiotic stresses. Nonetheless, their effects and mechanisms in rose (Rosa chinensis) are not fully clarified. In this study, we characterized the effects of rose RcMYB8 under salt and drought tolerances.

The infant gut virome is associated with preschool asthma risk independently of bacteria.

Bacteriophage (also known as phage) communities that inhabit the gut have a major effect on the structure and functioning of bacterial populations, but their roles and association with health and disease in early life remain unknown. Here, we analyze the gut virome of 647 children aged 1 year from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC) mother-child cohort, all deeply phenotyped from birth and with longitudinally assessed asthma diagnoses. Specific temperate gut phage taxa were found to be associated with later development of asthma.

Effects of Wholegrain Compared to Refined Grain Intake on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: Wholegrain intake is associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases in adults, potentially via changes in the gut microbiota. Although cardiometabolic prevention should start early, we lack evidence on the effects in children.

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of wholegrain oats and rye intake on serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and plasma insulin (coprimary outcomes), other cardiometabolic markers, body composition, gut microbiota composition and metabolites, and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with high body mass index (BMI).

Transcription factor RcNAC091 enhances rose drought tolerance through the abscisic acid-dependent pathway.

NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2, and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in controlling plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. However, few studies have examined NAC proteins related to drought stress tolerance in rose (Rosa chinensis). Here, we identified a drought- and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced NAC TF, RcNAC091, that localizes to the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity.

Expanding known viral diversity in the healthy infant gut.

The gut microbiome is shaped through infancy and impacts the maturation of the immune system, thus protecting against chronic disease later in life. Phages, or viruses that infect bacteria, modulate bacterial growth by lysis and lysogeny, with the latter being especially prominent in the infant gut. Viral metagenomes (viromes) are difficult to analyse because they span uncharted viral diversity, lacking marker genes and standardized detection methods.

RcbHLH59-RcPRs module enhances salinity stress tolerance by balancing Na/K through callose deposition in rose ().

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins play pivotal roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the molecular and functional properties of bHLHs have not been fully characterized. In this study, a novel XI subgroup of the bHLH protein gene was isolated and identified in rose ( sp).

Microalgae-derived carbon quantum dots mediated formation of metal sulfide nano-adsorbents with exceptional cadmium removal performance.

Metal sulfides are regarded as efficient scavengers for heavy metals. However, the heavy metal adsorption capacity of metal sulfides is far from its theoretical values due to the insufficient exposure of adsorption sites. Surface modification of metal sulfides is considered one of the most effective strategies for improving heavy metal removal performance.

The aphrodisiac potential of β-cyclodextrin-curcumin via stimulating cAMP-PKA pathway in testicular Leydig cells.

The water-soluble β-cyclodextrin-curcumin (CDC) is used in pharmaceutical applications and as a natural food colorant. The previous study revealed that curcumin potentially impacted the reproductive system. The present study investigated the possible roles of the CDC in testosterone secretion in Leydig cells and mice.

Partial Substitution of Meat with Insect () in a Carnivore Diet Changes the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome of Healthy Rats.

Insects are suggested as a sustainable protein source of high nutritional quality, but the effects of insect ingestion on processes in the gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiota (GM) remain to be established. We examined the effects of partial substitution of meat with insect protein () in a four-week dietary intervention in a healthy rat model ( = 30). GM composition was characterized using' 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling while the metabolomes of stomach, small intestine, and colon content, feces and blood were investigated by H-NMR spectroscopy.

METTL3-dependent mA modification programs T follicular helper cell differentiation.

T follicular helper (T) cells are specialized effector CD4 T cells critical to humoral immunity. Whether post-transcriptional regulation has a function in T cells is unknown. Here, we show conditional deletion of METTL3 (a methyltransferase catalyzing mRNA N-methyladenosine (mA) modification) in CD4 T cells impairs T differentiation and germinal center responses in a cell-intrinsic manner in mice.

Effect of Extract EGb761 on Hippocampal Neuronal Injury and Carbonyl Stress of D-Gal-Induced Aging Rats.

Background: extract is widely studied for antiaging activities, but little is known about its antiaging mechanism of protein carbonylation. In order to verify carbonyl toxification (stress) hypothesis of aging, we have investigated the effects of EGb761 on hippocampal neuronal injury and carbonyl stress of aging rats.

Methods: Seventy-two Wister male rats were randomly assigned into six groups ( = 12), normal control (NC), model control (MC), vitamin E (VE, 60 mg/kg) group, EGb761 low doses (GBEL, 8.

mA Regulates Neurogenesis and Neuronal Development by Modulating Histone Methyltransferase Ezh2.

N-methyladenosine (mA), catalyzed by the methyltransferase complex consisting of Mettl3 and Mettl14, is the most abundant RNA modification in mRNAs and participates in diverse biological processes. However, the roles and precise mechanisms of mA modification in regulating neuronal development and adult neurogenesis remain unclear. Here, we examined the function of Mettl3, the key component of the complex, in neuronal development and adult neurogenesis of mice.