Clinical outcomes after microsurgical resection of giant lateral ventricular meningiomas.

Giant lateral ventricular meningiomas (LVMs), with the largest diameter of at least 5 cm, form a distinct subset. The incidence of giant LVMs is considered to be relatively low. Here, we evaluated clinical characteristics, and clinical outcomes after microsurgical resection, especially functional outcomes and morbidity of giant LVMs.

The role of the astrocyte in subarachnoid hemorrhage and its therapeutic implications.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important public health concern with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. SAH induces cell death, blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, brain edema and oxidative stress. As the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system, astrocytes play an essential role in brain damage and recovery following SAH.

The Attenuation Value Within the Non-hypodense Region on Non-contrast Computed Tomography of Spontaneous Cerebral Hemorrhage: A Long-Neglected Predictor of Hematoma Expansion.

Background And Purpose: The ability of attenuation value of the non-hypodense region of hematoma in non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) for predicting hematoma expansion (HE) remains unclear. Our purpose is to explore this relationship.

Methods: Two cohorts of patients were collected for analysis.

Clinical Outcome After Microsurgical Resection of Central Neurocytoma: A Single-Centre Analysis of 15 Years.

This study aimed to explore the immediate postoperative and long-term outcomes of central neurocytoma (CN) based on 15 years of experience in our institution. This single-institution study collected data of 43 patients with CN who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2020. We reviewed data of clinical, immediate postoperative outcome, and long-term outcome of patients.

Mitochondrial Dynamics: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Stroke.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Brain injury after ischemic stroke involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, calcium overload, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. All of these factors are associated with dysfunctional energy metabolism after stroke.

Glymphatic System in the Central Nervous System, a Novel Therapeutic Direction Against Brain Edema After Stroke.

Stroke is the destruction of brain function and structure, and is caused by either cerebrovascular obstruction or rupture. It is a disease associated with high mortality and disability worldwide. Brain edema after stroke is an important factor affecting neurologic function recovery.

The Application of Brain Organoid Technology in Stroke Research: Challenges and Prospects.

Stroke is a neurological disease responsible for significant morbidity and disability worldwide. However, there remains a dearth of effective therapies. The failure of many therapies for stroke in clinical trials has promoted the development of human cell-based models, such as brain organoids.

Preconditioning increases brain resistance against acute brain injury via neuroinflammation modulation.

Acute brain injury (ABI) is a broad concept mainly comprised of sudden parenchymal brain injury. Acute brain injury outcomes are dependent not only on the severity of the primary injury, but the delayed secondary injury that subsequently follows as well. These are both taken into consideration when determining the patient's prognosis.

The Role of Nanomaterials in Stroke Treatment: Targeting Oxidative Stress.

Stroke has a high rate of morbidity and disability, which seriously endangers human health. In stroke, oxidative stress leads to further damage to the brain tissue. Therefore, treatment for oxidative stress is urgently needed.

Insight Into the Mechanisms and the Challenges on Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Cerebral Ischemic Stroke.

Strokes are the most common types of cerebrovascular disease and remain a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral ischemic stroke is caused by a reduction in blood flow to the brain. In this disease, two major zones of injury are identified: the lesion core, in which cells rapidly progress toward death, and the ischemic penumbra (surrounding the lesion core), which is defined as hypoperfusion tissue where cells may remain viable and can be repaired.

Pleiotropic Role of Tenascin-C in Central Nervous System Diseases: From Basic to Clinical Applications.

The extracellular matrix is composed of a variety of macromolecular substances secreted by cells, which form a complex network that supports and connects tissue structures, regulates the morphogenesis of tissues, and maintains the physiological activities of cells. Tenascin-C, a secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is abundantly expressed after exposure to pathological stimuli. It plays an important regulatory role in brain tumors, vascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases by mediating inflammatory responses, inducing brain damage, and promoting cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis through multiple signaling pathways.

The Role of Iron, Its Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a structural and physiological disruption of brain function caused by external forces. It is a major cause of death and disability for patients worldwide. TBI includes both primary and secondary impairments.

Correction to: Surgical treatment of traumatic distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm: a report of nine cases from a single centre.

Incorrect family name of Dongsheng Guo.

Surgical treatment of traumatic distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm: a report of nine cases from a single centre.

Background: Traumatic distal anterior cerebral artery (dACA) aneurysm is rare and can be easily neglected and misdiagnosed in patients with trauma. The aim of this study was to explore the radiologic characteristics of and therapeutic strategies for traumatic dACA aneurysm and to improve our understanding of unusual complications after trauma.

Methods: The clinical data of nine cases of traumatic dACA aneurysm from our neurosurgical department from July 1, 2010, to July 1, 2018, were retrospectively analysed.

Progressive Pure Arterial Malformations of the Anterior Cerebral Artery.

Background: Pure arterial malformations (PAMs) are rare intracranial vascular anomalies. As recently reported, PAMs have a benign natural history and can be treated conservatively. However, their etiology, natural history, and treatment have not yet been fully elucidated.

Intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage resulting from non-cervical spinal arteriovenous lesions: Analysis of possible cause of bleeding and literature review.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or intraventricle hemorrhage (IVH) with negative cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) results, which are due to non-cervical spinal arteriovenous lesions, are uncommon. In this article we presented three cases from our hospital and nineteen cases from prior published literature and discussed clinical features, possible mechanisms underlying the hemorrhage and therapeutic strategies for managing this unusual entity. Our analysis revealed that headache was the most common initial symptom.

Subfrontal recurrence after cerebellar medulloblastoma resection without local relapse: case-based update.

Objective: This report detailed four cases of tumor recurrence in the subfrontal region after cerebellar medulloblastoma resection without local relapse and explored the causes of recurrence. In addition, a case-based update and insight into the entity is attempted.

Methods: All four patients received cerebellar medulloblastoma resection and postoperative radiotherapy.

Cerebral venous collaterals: A new fort for fighting ischemic stroke?

Stroke therapy has entered a new era highlighted by the use of endovascular therapy in addition to intravenous thrombolysis. However, the efficacy of current therapeutic regimens might be reduced by their associated adverse events. For example, over-reperfusion and futile recanalization may lead to large infarct, brain swelling, hemorrhagic complication and neurological deterioration.

Bosutinib Attenuates Inflammation via Inhibiting Salt-Inducible Kinases in Experimental Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage on Mice.

Background And Purpose: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with highest mortality and morbidity. Pronounced inflammation plays a significant role in the development of the secondary brain injury after ICH. Recently, SIK-2 (salt-inducible kinase-2) was identified as an important component controlling inflammatory response.

Recombinant Gas6 augments Axl and facilitates immune restoration in an intracerebral hemorrhage mouse model.

Axl, a tyrosine kinase receptor, was recently identified as an essential component regulating innate immune response. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 are potent Axl-inducible negative inflammatory regulators. This study investigated the role of Axl signaling pathway in immune restoration in an autologous blood-injection mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 facilitates heme scavenging after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.

Heme-degradation after erythrocyte lysis plays an important role in the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 is a receptor expressed predominately at the neurovascular interface, which facilitates the clearance of the hemopexin and heme complex. In the present study, we investigated the role of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 in heme removal and neuroprotection in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Elderly Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Could Benefit from Surgical Treatment.

Objective: In elderly patients with severe traumatic brain injury, the use of aggressive versus conservative management remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of surgical alternatives for treatment of severe traumatic intracranial hematoma in patients ≥65 years old and identify factors that may contribute to the outcome.

Methods: This retrospective study included 112 patients with traumatic intracranial hematoma.

Association of expression of Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 2 gene with invasiveness of pituitary adenoma.

The Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains-2 (LRIG2) gene expression in pituitary adenoma and its correlation with tumor invasiveness were studied. The expression of LRIG2 mRNA and protein in human pituitary adenoma obtained surgically was detected by RT-PCR (39 cases) and immunohistochemical staining (30 cases). It was found that LRIG2 was mostly localized at the nucleus of the pituitary adenoma cells.

Upregulation of LRIG1 suppresses malignant glioma cell growth by attenuating EGFR activity.

Activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as an important therapeutic target for a variety of solid tumors, particularly malignant gliomas. A recently discovered transmembrane glycoprotein, LRIG1, antagonizes the activity of epidermal growth factor receptor family receptor tyrosine kinases and acts as a negative feedback loop of EGFR and proposed tumor suppressors. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of LRIG1 on the biological features of glioma cells and the possible mechanisms of enhanced apoptosis induced by upregulation of LRIG1.