Anti-TNF therapy in the treatment of systemic autoinflammatory diseases: the responses of innate immune cells.

Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are rare conditions resulting from innate immune system dysregulation, culminating in repetitive bouts of systemic inflammation without the presence of external or self-antigens. Most SAIDs are associated with mutations in genes affecting the innate immune response. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central player in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic inflammatory disorders, and anti-TNF therapy is widely used in the clinical management of SAIDs.

Novel triphenylamine-based polyimides as promising organic cathode for lithium/sodium-ion batteries.

Organic carbonyl cathode materials are expected to be excellent candidates for widespread application in next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their high theoretical specific capacity, low cost, sustainability, environmental friendliness, and structural diversity. However, organic carbonyl cathode materials face some key challenges, including high solubility in organic electrolytes and low discharge platform, which hinder their practical applications. Herein, a novel poly(4-aminotriphenylamine-3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetramide) (PTNBI) electrode has been synthesized through the polymerization of 4-aminotriphenylamine with 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), addressing the two crucial issues of solubility and low discharge platform.

Frozen by Heating: Temperature Controlled Dynamic States in Droplet Microswimmers.

Self-propelling active matter relies on the conversion of energy from the undirected, nanoscopic scale to directed, macroscopic motion. One of the challenges in the design of synthetic active matter lies in the control of dynamic states, or motility gaits. Here, an experimental system of self-propelling droplets with thermally controllable and reversible dynamic states is presented, from unsteady over meandering to persistent to arrested motion.

Genomic prediction with NetGP based on gene network and multi-omics data in plants.

Genomic selection (GS) is a new breeding strategy. Generally, traditional methods are used for predicting traits based on the whole genome. However, the prediction accuracy of these models remains limited because they cannot fully reflect the intricate nonlinear interactions between genotypes and traits.

Unveiling tolerance mechanisms in pepper to combined low-temperature and low-light stress: a physiological and transcriptomic approach.

Background: Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable crop of significant economic importance, but its yield and quality are severely affected by the combined stress of low temperature and low light (LL), particularly in greenhouse environments. Despite this, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying pepper's response to LL stress remain poorly understood.

Unveiling Doping Kinetics in Cu(I) Metal Halides for Customized Luminescent Performance.

Intentional doping plays a pivotal role in customizing metal halides' electronic and optical features. This work manipulates the incorporation and distribution of Mn in Cu(I) halide by controlling the elemental steps involved in the growth-doping kinetics as well as investigates the localized lattice and electronic structures in different doping configurations. Complementary experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that a uniform and relatively high Mn doping level can be achieved by a step-tailored strategy that encompasses reducing the growth rate of the halide matrix, enhancing the surface adsorption of Mn, and facilitating the incorporation of the dopants.

Classifying crash causation patterns in 2-vehicle collisions between autonomous and conventional vehicles.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the causes of 2-vehicle collisions involving an autonomous vehicle (AV) and a conventional vehicle (CV). Prior research has primarily focused on the causes of crashes from the perspective of AVs, often neglecting the interactions with CVs.

Method: To address this limitation, the study proposes a classification framework for crash causation patterns in 2-vehicle collisions involving an AV and a CV, considering their interactions.

[Characteristics and clinical significance of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss].

Inflammation has been confirmed to play an important role in the occurrence and development of sudden sensorineural hearing loss（SSNHL）, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio（NLR） is a biomarker positively correlated with the degree of inflammation. This study aims to identify the difference in serum NLR between patients with SSNHL and normal population, and to evaluate the predictive efficacy of NLR for the occurrence and prognosis of SSNHL, thereby guiding the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SSNHL. In this study, 96 patients diagnosed with SSNHL admitted to our department from January 2023 to March 2024 and 96 patients diagnosed with vocal cord polyps admitted to our department during the same period were recruited as a control group.

Vertical directional coupling based grating emission engineering for optical phased arrays: publisher's note.

This publisher's note contains a correction to Opt. Lett.49, 3102 (2024)10.

Assessment of and methylation triage efficacy across HPV genotypes and age groups in high-risk HPV-positive women in China.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of methylation (CISCER) test in triaging high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-positive women.

Methods: We enrolled women who underwent opportunistic screening at Cervical Disease outpatient clinics of Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Hospital, and Yueyang Central Hospital from December 2022 to May 2024. The effectiveness of CISCER and cytology tests in triaging hrHPV+ patients was analyzed.

Primary breast myeloid sarcoma: A case report and literature review.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor originating from immature bone marrow cells. MS of the breast is an extremely uncommon disease with non-specific clinical and radiological features. The present case report describes a distinctive case of MS of the breast, which posed diagnostic challenges due to the absence of typical imaging characteristics at the time of presentation.

Water-Vapor-Triggered Dual-Mode Optical Responses in Rare-Earth-Doped Hollow Nanospheres.

Multimode responsive optical materials are garnering ever-increasing attention due to their diverse applications. This work showcases a film assembled with rare-earth-doped CaF hollow nanospheres that exhibit water-vapor-triggered dual-mode optical responses. Upon exposure to flowing water vapor, the film rapidly (less than 1.

Phosphatidylcholine Transfer Protein OsPCTP Interacts with Ascorbate Peroxidase OsAPX8 to Regulate Bacterial Blight Resistance in Rice.

Rice phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PCTP), which contains a steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer (START) domain, responds to bacterial blight disease. Overexpression of quantitatively enhances resistance to pathogen in rice, whereas depletion of it has the opposite effect. Further analysis showed that OsPCTP physically interacts with OsAPX8, a ROS scavenging enzyme, and influences ascorbate peroxidase enzymatic activity in vivo.

Designing CN Anchored Single Mo Atom as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Nitrogen Fixation.

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising route for realizing green and sustainable ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions. However, one of the major challenges of currently available Single-atom catalysts (SACs) is poor catalytic activity and low catalytic selectivity, which is far away from the requirements of industrial applications. Herein, first-principle calculations within the density functional theory were performed to evaluate the feasibility of a single Mo atom anchored on a g-CN monolayer (Mo@g-CN) as NRR electrocatalysts.

A comprehensive evaluation of large language models in mining gene relations and pathway knowledge.

Understanding complex biological pathways, including gene-gene interactions and gene regulatory networks, is critical for exploring disease mechanisms and drug development. Manual literature curation of biological pathways cannot keep up with the exponential growth of new discoveries in the literature. Large-scale language models (LLMs) trained on extensive text corpora contain rich biological information, and they can be mined as a biological knowledge graph.

Brain connectivity and time-frequency fusion-based auditory spatial attention detection.

Auditory spatial attention detection (ASAD) aims to decipher the spatial locus of a listener's selective auditory attention from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, current models may exhibit deficiencies in EEG feature extraction, leading to overfitting on small datasets or a decline in EEG discriminability. Furthermore, they often neglect topological relationships between EEG channels and, consequently, brain connectivities.

Subject-independent auditory spatial attention detection based on brain topology modeling and feature distribution alignment.

Auditory spatial attention detection (ASAD) seeks to determine which speaker in a surround sound field a listener is focusing on based on the one's brain biosignals. Although existing studies have achieved ASAD from a single-trial electroencephalogram (EEG), the huge inter-subject variability makes them generally perform poorly in cross-subject scenarios. Besides, most ASAD methods do not take full advantage of topological relationships between EEG channels, which are crucial for high-quality ASAD.

Regulating intermolecular hydrogen bonding to construct solvation-induced emission shift quinoline derivatives for real-time monitoring of water content in organic solvents.

Water constitutes the most prevalent impurity in organic solvents, exerting significant influence on chemical reactions and potentially leading to fires and explosions, even in minute quantities. Thus, the development of convenient, rapid, and cost effective fluorescent probes for real-time monitoring of water content in organic solvents is imperative. Although some fluorescent materials have been synthesized for this purpose, most suffer from laborious preparation processes and poor cycling performance, constraining their practical application.

Real-time Realistic Volume Rendering of Consistently High Quality with Dynamic Illumination.

Direct Volume Rendering (DVR) plays an important role in scientific data visualization. To generate photo-realistic DVR results, the physical light transport throughout the volume is simulated by applying the Monte Carlo-based volumetric path tracing (VPT) approach. For real-time applications, due to the time constraint for rendering each frame, only a limited number of samples shall be taken for the computation per pixel.

Key genes and immune infiltration patterns and the clinical implications in psoriasis patients.

Background: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disease, closely related to immune regulation. The aim was to understand the pathogenesis of psoriasis further, reveal potential therapeutic targets, and provide new clues for its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Materials And Methods: Expression profiling data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for skin tissues from healthy population and psoriasis patients.

Identifying behavioral links to neural dynamics of multifiber photometry recordings in a mouse social behavior network.

Distributed hypothalamic-midbrain neural circuits help orchestrate complex behavioral responses during social interactions. Given rapid advances in optical imaging, it is a fundamental question how population-averaged neural activity measured by multi-fiber photometry (MFP) for calcium fluorescence signals correlates with social behaviors is a fundamental question. This paper aims to investigate the correspondence between MFP data and social behaviors.

Vertical directional coupling based grating emission engineering for optical phased arrays.

In this Letter, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, vertical directional coupling waveguide grating (VDCWG) architecture is proposed to increase the length of waveguide grating antennas for large aperture on-chip optical phased arrays (OPAs). In this new architecture, the grating emission strength is engineered by the vertical directional coupler, which provides additional degrees of design freedom. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the VDCWG can adjust the grating strength in the range of more than two orders of magnitude, corresponding to an effective grating length more than a centimeter.

Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Castor Oil-Based Asphalt Regeneration Agent.

Regeneration agents play a critical role in modifying the mechanical properties and durability of RAP asphalt mixtures. This paper aimed to develop a castor oil-based asphalt regeneration agent. The effects of this regeneration agent on the pavement performance of laboratory-aged asphalt and an RAP asphalt mixture were comparatively studied by a series of laboratory tests.

Haplotype-resolved assembly of diploid and polyploid genomes using quantum computing.

Precision medicine's emphasis on individual genetic variants highlights the importance of haplotype-resolved assembly, a computational challenge in bioinformatics given its combinatorial nature. While classical algorithms have made strides in addressing this issue, the potential of quantum computing remains largely untapped. Here, we present the vehicle routing problem (VRP) assembler: an approach that transforms this task into a vehicle routing problem, an optimization formulation solvable on a quantum computer.

Circularly Polarized Luminescence Induced by Hydrogen-Bonding Networks in a One-Dimensional Hybrid Manganese(II) Chloride.

Chiral hybrid metal halides hold great potential as circularly polarized luminescence light sources. Herein, we have obtained two enantiomeric pairs of one-dimensional hybrid chiral manganese(II) chloride single crystals, R/S-(3-methyl piperidine)MnCl (R/S-1) and R/S-(3-hydroxy piperidine)MnCl (R/S-2), crystallizing in the non-centrosymmetric space group P222. In comparison to R/S-1, R/S-2 single crystals not only show red emission with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and high resistance to thermal quenching but also exhibit circularly polarized luminescence with an asymmetry factor (g) of 2.