Isolation and Characterization of a Viable from Captive Caracal ().

is a widespread protozoan parasite that infects most warm-blooded animals, and felids can serve as intermediate and definitive hosts. Pathological diagnosis and serological and etiological investigations were conducted on a captive caracal () carcass collected from China in 2022. Pathological diagnosis revealed that cardiac insufficiency, pulmonary edema, hepatic failure, and renal insufficiency were the causes of the caracal's death.

A review of anorexia induced by T-2 toxin.

The presence of anorexia in animals is the most well-known clinical symptom of T-2 toxin poisoning. T-2 toxin is the most characteristic type A toxin in the trichothecene mycotoxins. The consumption of T-2 toxin can cause anorexic response in mice, rats, rabbits, and other animals.

Low Prevalence of in Sheep and Isolation of a Viable Strain from Edible Mutton from Central China.

Sheep are highly susceptible to , and miscarriage is the main clinical feature. This study investigated 227 sheep samples (210 myocardial tissues from slaughterhouses, 6 ewe serum samples, 3 aborted fetuses, and 8 dead lambs from veterinary clinics) from central China for infection. Antibodies against were detected using the modified agglutination test (MAT).

T-2 toxin metabolism and its hepatotoxicity: New insights on the molecular mechanism and detoxification.

T-2 toxin, a type A trichothecene, is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium poae, Fusarium sporotrichioides, and Fusarium tricinctum. As the most toxic trichothecenes, T-2 toxin causes severe damage to multiple organs, especially to liver. However, the contamination of T-2 toxin covers a wide range of plants, including nuts, grains, fruits and herbs globally.

Nrf2: A Main Responsive Element of the Toxicity Effect Caused by Trichothecene (T-2) Mycotoxin.

T-2 toxin, the most toxic type A trichothecene mycotoxin, is produced by Fusarium, and is widely found in contaminated feed and stored grains. T-2 toxin is physicochemically stable and is challenging to eradicate from contaminated feed and cereal, resulting in food contamination that is inescapable and poses a major hazard to both human and animal health, according to the World Health Organization. Oxidative stress is the upstream cause of all pathogenic variables, and is the primary mechanism through which T-2 toxin causes poisoning.

Epidemiology and isolation of viable strain from macropods.

Wallabies and other marsupials are highly susceptible to . In this study, 26 macropod samples were collected (8 red kangaroos, 4 Parma wallabies, 8 red-necked wallabies, 5 albino red-necked wallabies and 1 Eastern grey kangaroo), including tissue (n = 9) and serum (n = 17) samples. According to the modified agglutination test (MAT) results (cutoff 1:25), 50% (95% Cl: 32.

Deoxynivalenol induces testicular ferroptosis by regulating the Nrf2/System Xc/GPX4 axis.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin contaminant in food and feed. DON accumulation in food chain severely threatens human and animal health due to the toxic effects on the reproduction system. However, the underlying mechanism of DON on male reproductive dysfunction is still in debate and there is little information about whether DON triggers testicular ferroptosis.

Dietary yucca extract and promote growth performance of weaned rabbits by improving nutrient digestibility, intestinal development, and microbial composition.

has abundant amounts of polyphenolics, steroidal saponins, and resveratrol and its extract can be used as a feed additive in the animal husbandry, which might contribute to the improvement in the growth and productivity in rabbit production. Hence, the current study aimed to examine the effects of yucca extract alone and in combination with () on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, muscle quality, and intestinal development of weaned rabbits. A total of 400 40-day-old male rabbits were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups for 40 days: (1) basal diet group, (2) basal diet contained 300 mg/kg of yucca extract, (3) basal diet supplemented with 0.

p38 mediates T-2 toxin-induced Leydig cell testosterone synthesis disorder.

T-2 toxin is an unavoidable food and feed contaminant that seriously threatens human and animal health. Exposure to T-2 toxin can cause testosterone synthesis disorder in male animals, but the molecular mechanism is still not completely clear. The MAPK pathway participates in the regulation of testosterone synthesis by Leydig cells, but it is unclear whether the MAPK pathway participates in T-2 toxin-induced testosterone synthesis disorders.

Review of the Role of Ferroptosis in Testicular Function.

Iron is an important metal element involved in the regulation of male reproductive functions and has dual effects on testicular tissue. A moderate iron content is necessary to maintain testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis. Iron overload can lead to male reproductive dysfunction by triggering testicular oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and even testicular ferroptosis.

Additional evidence of tigers () as intermediate hosts for through the isolation of viable strains.

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the world. Felines excrete oocysts, which play a key role in the transmission of this protozoon. Pathological diagnoses were performed on four carcasses of captive tigers collected from 2019 to 2021 in China, and was surveyed using serology, molecular analysis, and aetiology.

Deoxynivalenol triggers porcine intestinal tight junction disorder: Insights from mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is universally detected trichothecene in most cereal commodities, which is considered as a major hazardous material for human and animal health. Intestine is the most vulnerable organ with higher concentration of DON than other organs, owing to the first defense barrier function to exogenous substances. However, the underling mechanisms about DON-induced intestinal toxicity remain poorly understood.

T-2 Toxin Caused Mice Testicular Inflammation Injury via ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.

T-2 toxin treatment causes male reproduction system dysfunction, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this research, male Kunming mice and TM4 cells were treated with varying concentrations of the T-2 toxin for evaluating the adverse effect of T-2 toxin on male reproductive function. MCC950 or NAC was used to block NLRP3 inflammasome activation and eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the TM4 cell, respectively.

Low Prevalence of in Dogs From Central China.

Background: can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans and dogs. Humans can become infected with by petting dogs that have eaten or contacted infected cat feces. The aim of this study was to evaluate infections in dogs from central China.

Toxoplasma gondii in lambs of China: Heart juice serology, isolation and genotyping.

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases in the world. The objective of this study was to determine Toxoplasma gondii infection in lambs from Henan province, China. A total of 166 lamb hearts were collected from 2017 to 2019.

in four captive kangaroos ( spp.) in China: Isolation of a strain of a new genotype from an eastern grey kangaroo ().

Marsupials are highly susceptible to infection. Here, we report infection in four kangaroos from a zoo in China. Kangaroos were imported into China in 2000 and were since bred in zoo.

High prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. infections in cattle (Bos taurus) from central China.

Myocardium and diaphragm samples of cattle (n = 521) from HeNan Province (China) were screened for Sarcocystis sarcocysts by histological examination, pepsin digestion, and molecular assays. Morphology and molecular assays were used for identification. The prevalence of Sarcocystis infection in cattle was 41.

Antibody Detection, Isolation, Genotyping, and Virulence of in Captive Felids from China.

The felids are the only definitive hosts of , which could excrete oocysts into the environment and provide an infection source for toxoplasmosis in various warm-blooded animal species, particularly the captive felids that live close to human communities. The infection rate of the captive felids is a perfect standard in detecting the presence of oocysts in the environment. In this study, sera or tissue samples from zoo (1 young tiger, 2 adult tigers, 6 young lions), farm (10 masked palm civets), and pet hospital (28 cats) from Henan Province (China) were collected.

Chicken intestine defensins activated murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells through the TLR4-NF-kappaB pathway.

Defensins serve as alarm signals in mobilizing the immune system and activating the innate and adaptive immune responses. In order to investigate whether avian defensins could activate monocytes of another species, and whether chicken defensins could modulate or amplify the adaptive immune responses of murine through the TLR-NF-kappaB pathway, the relationship between the chicken intestinal defensin AvBD13 and TLR4 in murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was explored in vitro. Monocytes were stimulated with AvBD13 (1 microg/mL).

Effects of chicken intestinal antimicrobial peptides on humoral immunity of chickens and antibody titres after vaccination with infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in chicken.

Sixty chickens were randomly divided into two groups (30 chickens in each group) to determine the effect of oral administration of chicken intestinal antimicrobial peptides (CIAMP) on the humoral immune response. Chickens of both groups were fed the same diet. In the treatment group chickens received drinking water supplemented with CIAMP (1 microg/ml) right after hatching.

Effect of probiotics on intestinal mucosal immunity and ultrastructure of cecal tonsils of chickens.

Sixty chickens were randomly divided into two groups to determine the effect of oral administration of probiotics on the intestinal mucosal immune response and ultrastructure of cecal tonsils. The first group (control) was fed with a basic diet without antibiotic or probiotics. The second group was fed with the same diet as the control, except they received drinking water with probiotics (4 x 10(9) cfu per chicken and day) from posthatch to day 3 of age.