The chloroplast genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Rubia alata Wall and Rubia ovatifolia Z. Ying Zhang. (Rubiaceae).

Background: Rubia alata Wall (R. alata) and Rubia ovatifolia Z. Ying Zhang (R.

Sequence characteristics, expression and subcellular localization of gene from cytochrome P450 family in willd.

The Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family is the largest enzyme protein family in plants, distributed across various organs and involved in significant catalytic activities in primary and secondary metabolic processes. In this study, we cloned the gene, characterized its open reading frame (ORF), and conducted comprehensive analyses including physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, subcellular localization, prokaryotic expression, and correlation between the relative expression of different parts and the content of tenuifolin, hormones, and abiotic stress response associated with the encoded protein. The ORF of was 1,521 bp, with a secondary structure predominantly composed of α-helices and random coils.

Comprehensive evaluation of chemical constituents and antioxidant activity between crude and processed Polygalae radix based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis.

Polygalae radix (PR) is a famous herbal medicine obtained by drying the root of Willd., one of the traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) that can be used for healthy food. There are three main processed methods of PR, including removing the xylem of roots (Polygalae Cortex, PC), frying PC with licorice (LP), and frying PC with honey (HP).