Role of FPR2 antagonism in alleviating social isolation-induced depression and protecting blood-brain barrier integrity.

Social isolation (SI) is a prevalent issue in modern society, particularly exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is a significant contributor to depressive disorders. Inflammation-related markers are upregulated in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) unresponsive to first-line selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants. This study investigates the role of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in central and peripheral immune cells, in SI-induced depression.

Mitochondrial PGAM5 modulates methionine metabolism and feather follicle development by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in broiler chickens.

Background: Poor feather growth not only affects the appearance of the organism but also decreases the feed efficiency. Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid required for feather follicle development; yet the exact mechanism involved remains insufficiently understood.

Methods: A total of 180 1-day-old broilers were selected and randomly divided into 3 treatments: control group (0.

DUF4297 and HerA form abortosome to mediate bacterial immunity against phage infection.

Immune receptors form higher-order complexes known as inflammasomes in animals and resistosomes in plants to mediate immune signaling. Here, we report a similar bacterial protein complex, DUF4297-HerA, which induces abortive infection to mediate anti-phage immunity by coupling nuclease and ATPase activities. Therefore, we name this defense system "Hailibu" after a hunter in a popular folk tale who sacrifices himself to save his village.

Novel plasma biomarkers of amyloid plaque pathology and cortical thickness: Evaluation of the NULISA targeted proteomic platform in an ethnically diverse cohort.

Introduction: Proteomic evaluation of plasma samples could accelerate the identification of novel Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. We evaluated the novel NUcleic acid Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA) proteomic method in an ethnically diverse cohort.

Methods: Plasma biomarkers were measured with NULISA in the Human Connectome Project, a predominantly preclinical biracial community cohort in southwestern Pennsylvania.

Impact of steatotic liver disease subtypes, sarcopenia, and fibrosis on all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a 15.7-year cohort study.

Background: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) was a newly proposed disease category derived from metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). MAFLD and sarcopenia were independent risk factors for mortality. We aimed to evaluate the impacts of SLD subtypes, MAFLD, and sarcopenia on mortality.

Phospho-tau serine-262 and serine-356 as biomarkers of pre-tangle soluble tau assemblies in Alzheimer's disease.

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with little or no quantifiable insoluble brain tau neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology demonstrate stronger clinical benefits of therapies than those with advanced NFTs. The formation of NFTs can be prevented by targeting the intermediate soluble tau assemblies (STAs). However, biochemical understanding and biomarkers of STAs are lacking.

What is the best strategy for C3 in open-door laminoplasty: laminectomy versus laminoplasty-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Conventional open-door laminoplasty is commonly used to treat multilevel cervical disorders but often leads to complications such as loss of cervical lordosis, limited neck motion, and axial symptoms. These issues stem from the extensive disruption of musculature and structural alterations involved in conventional methods. To address these shortcomings, the modified open-door laminoplasty with C3 laminectomy technique has been developed as a modification of conventional open-door laminoplasty, with the aims to preserve the semispinalis cervicis muscle attached to the C2 spinous process, potentially improving postoperative outcomes by maintaining muscle integrity and stability of the cervical spine.

Applications of mass spectrometry imaging in botanical research.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) serves as a valuable tool enabling researchers to scrutinize various compounds, peptides, and proteins within a sample, providing detailed insights at both elemental and molecular levels. This innovative technology transforms information obtained from a mass spectrometer- encompassing ionic strength, mass-to-charge ratio, and ionized molecule coordinates-within a defined region into a pixel-based model. Consequently, it reconstructs the spatial distribution of ions, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of molecular landscapes.

The invisible threat: A 30-year review of air pollution's impact on diarrhoea from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Diarrhoea remains a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years. This study aims to provide an updated assessment of diarrhoea deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to air pollution from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: The deaths and DALYs data for diarrhoea attributable to air pollution were derived from the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD).

Photocatalytic CO reduction of Ag/AgS/TiCT heterojunctions with enhanced interfacial charge transfer.

Photocatalytic reduction of CO to produce organic fuels is a promising strategy for addressing carbon reduction and energy scarcity. Transition metal carbides (TiCT ) are of particular interest due to their unique layered structures and excellent electrical conductivity. However, the practical application of TiCT is limited by the poor separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers and the low migration ability of photogenerated electrons.

Equivalence of plasma and serum for clinical measurement of p-tau217: comparative analyses of four blood-based assays.

Background: Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) 217 is a promising blood biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, most p-tau217 assays have been validated solely in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma, leaving the clinical applicability of serum p-tau217 largely unexplored despite serum being a preferred matrix in many clinical laboratories. To address this gap, we compared p-tau217 concentrations and diagnostic performances in matched plasma and serum samples using four research-use-only assays, including three from commercial sources i.

Robust ferromagnetism in wafer-scale FeGaTe above room-temperature.

The discovery of ferromagnetism in van der Waals (vdW) materials has enriched the understanding of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic orders and opened new avenues for fundamental physics research and next generation spintronics. However, achieving ferromagnetic order at room temperature, along with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, remains a significant challenge. In this work, we report wafer-scale growth of vdW ferromagnet FeGaTe using molecular beam epitaxy.

Antiviral signaling of a type III CRISPR-associated deaminase.

Prokaryotes have evolved diverse defense strategies against viral infection, including foreign nucleic acid degradation by CRISPR-Cas systems and DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition through nucleotide pool depletion. Here, we report an antiviral mechanism of type III CRISPR-Cas-regulated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion in which ATP is converted into inosine triphosphate (ITP) by CRISPR-Cas-associated adenosine deaminase (CAAD) upon activation by either cA or cA, followed by hydrolysis into inosine monophosphate (IMP) by Nudix hydrolase, ultimately resulting in cell growth arrest. The cryo-electron microscopy structures of CAAD in its apo and activated forms, together with biochemical evidence, revealed how cA or cA binds to the CRISPR-associated Rossmann fold (CARF) domain and abrogates CAAD autoinhibition, inducing substantial conformational changes that reshape the structure of CAAD and induce its deaminase activity.

Exploring digital use, happiness, and loneliness in Japan with the experience sampling method.

Smartphones have become an integral part of modern life, raising concerns about their impact on mental health, especially among young people. However, previous studies yielded inconsistent results, possibly due to neglecting the possibility of interactions between offline and online communications. To explore potential interactions among different communication modes (online vs.

Influence of medical conditions on the diagnostic accuracy of plasma p-tau217 and p-tau217/Aβ42.

Introduction: Blood-based biomarkers (BBMs) can enable early detection of brain amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology in cognitively unimpaired individuals. However, the extent to which common medical conditions affect biomarker performance remains unclear.

Methods: Participants (n = 348) included individuals without cognitive impairment.

Gender-specific inflammatory burden and headache risk in youth: a NHANES analysis.

Background: Headaches are a common and often debilitating condition among youth. The Inflammatory Burden Index (IBI), a simple surrogate marker of systemic inflammation, has been linked to various diseases. However, evidence for its relationship with headaches, particularly in youth, is lacking.

Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) enhances hemodynamic stability decreasing analgesic requirements in surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRFs).

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) on intraoperative hemodynamic stability, opioid and inhalation anesthetic requirements and postoperative analgesic effects in patients undergoing surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRFs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 173 patients who underwent surgical stabilization of rib fractures between May 2020 and December 2023. The patients were allocated into the ESPB group or the control group.

Serum Direct Bilirubin as a Biomarker for Breast Cancer.

Background: The role of serum total bilirubin (TB) in cancer has been a subject of controversy, as has the role of its subtypes, particularly serum direct bilirubin (DB). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serum DB levels and breast cancer, as well as to assess the diagnostic utility of serum DB in breast cancer.

Methods: A total of 5299 patients diagnosed with breast cancer for the first time at Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province were included in the study, and 10028 healthy physical examination subjects were included as healthy controls.

Turnover intention and continuing professional development of rural doctors from targeted admission medical education program in China: a cross-sectional study in the post-COVID-19 era.

Background: Turnover intention (TI) indicates an employee's intention to depart from their current role within a defined timeframe. In China, the Targeted Admission Medical Education (TAME) program, initiated in 2010, offers tuition-free education to cultivate rural doctors. Despite continuous professional development (CPD) being considered a viable retention strategy, TI of alumni doctors from the TAME program remains high in recent years.

Adenosine deaminase is a risk factor for mortality after discharge in patients with acute myocardial infarction: Long-term clinical follow-up.

Background: Variations in adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity have been detected in numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but there is limited research on its role in the prognosis of CVDs. In this study, we explored the role of ADA in the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Method: In this study, a total of 1,574 patients with a first diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were followed up for a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 77.

The m6A reader IGF2BP1 contributes to the activation of hepatic stellate cells through facilitating TUBB4B mRNA stabilization.

The m6A reader insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is involved in multiple pathophysiological processes through enhanced expression of the proteins encoded by their target mRNAs. However, the functional role of IGF2BP1-mediated m6A in liver fibrosis remains elusive. Here, we report that IGF2BP1 is highly expressed in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major driver of fibrogenesis, and TUBB4B is identified as a potential target of IGF2BP1 by re-analysis of the RNA-seq, RIP-seq, and m6A-seq data.

Association of hospital safety climate and compliance with occupational safety practices among nurse interns: A cross-sectional study using canonical correlation analysis.

Background And Aims: Nurse interns may be at a similar or higher risk than registered nurses. The key elements and mechanisms involved in the effects of safety climate on safety performance are not well understood. This study explores the relationship between the perceived hospital safety climate and compliance with occupational safety practices among nurse interns.

Multi-analyte proteomic analysis identifies blood-based neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular and synaptic biomarkers in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Blood-based biomarkers are gaining grounds for the detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders (ADRDs). However, two key obstacles remain: the lack of methods for multi-analyte assessments and the need for biomarkers for related pathophysiological processes like neuroinflammation, vascular, and synaptic dysfunction. A novel proteomic method for pre-selected analytes, based on proximity extension technology, was recently introduced.

Associations between pre-infection serum vitamin D concentrations and Omicron COVID-19 incidence, severity and reoccurrence in elderly individuals.

Objective: Previous studies suggest a link between vitamin D status and COVID-19 susceptibility in hospitalised patients. This study aimed to investigate whether vitamin D concentrations in elderly individuals were associated with their susceptibility to Omicron COVID-19 incidence, the severity of the disease and the likelihood of reoccurrence during the era of the post-'zero-COVID-19' policies in China.

Design: In this retrospective study, participants were categorised into three groups based on their 25(OH)D concentrations: deficiency (< 20 ng/ml), insufficiency (20 to < 30 ng/ml) and sufficiency (≥ 30 ng/ml).