Screening of binding proteins that interact with Chinese sacbrood virus VP3 capsid protein in Apis cerana larvae cDNA library by the yeast two-hybrid method.

Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV) causes larval death and apiary collapse of Apis cerana. VP3 is a capsid protein of CSBV but its function is poorly understood. To determine the function of VP3 and screen for novel binding proteins that interact with VP3, we conducted yeast two-hybrid screening, glutathione S-transferase pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation assays.

Oral recombinant Lactobacillus vaccine targeting the intestinal microfold cells and dendritic cells for delivering the core neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.

Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has led to serious economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. In this study, an oral recombinant Lactobacillus casei vaccine against PEDV infection targeting the intestinal microfold (M) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) for delivering the core neutralizing epitope (COE) of PEDV spike protein was developed with M cell-targeting peptide (Col) and dendritic cell-targeting peptide (DCpep). The immunogenicity of the orally administered recombinant strains was evaluated.

[Mechanism of acupoint transcutaneous electric stimulation on analgesic anesthesia in the patients undergoing general anesthesia anorectal operation].

Objective: To observe the regulatory effects of acupoint electric stimulation on the analgesic substances and the relevant indices of nerve-immunity-endocrine system in the patients undergoing general anesthesia anorectal operation.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-six patients undergoing hemorrhoids and anal fistula operation were randomized into three groups, 146 cases were included in the analysis. In the No.

Different loci and mRNA copy number of the increased serum survival gene of Escherichia coli.

The increased serum survival gene (iss) has been identified as a virulence trait associated with the virulence of Escherichia coli, causing colibacillosis in poultry. However, it remains unclear as to whether iss mRNA copy number and sequence affect virulence. To examine these influences, we assessed the presence of iss, sequence analysis, iss mRNA copy number, and serum resistance.

Development of Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Antibody Detection Based on Bluetongue Virus Monoclonal Antibodies.

Bluetongue is a ruminant infectious disease that is characterized by hyperpyrexia, leukocyte decrease and mucosal ulcerative inflammation changes. In this study, three segments of Bluetongue virus (BTV)-8 VP2 protein (BTV-8A, 8B, and 8C) were cloned into pET-28a (+) and pMAl-c5X vectors and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) as histidine (His)-tagged (His-8A/8B/8C) and maltose-binding protein (MBP)-tagged (MBP-8A/8B/8C) fusion proteins. After purification, His-8A/8B/8C were used to immunize BALB/mice and MBP-8A/8B/8C were used to screen for monoclonal antibody (mAb)-secreting hybridomas.

Role of Glutamatergic Projections from the Ventral CA1 to Infralimbic Cortex in Context-Induced Reinstatement of Heroin Seeking.

The prelimbic cortex (PL) and infralimbic cortex (IL) play a role in context-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking in an animal model of drug relapse. Both the PL and IL receive direct glutamatergic projections from the ventral CA1 (vCA1), which is also involved in context-induced reinstatement of cocaine and heroin seeking. Here we studied the role of vCA1-PL and vCA1-IL projections in context-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking by using electrophysiological, neuropharmacological, chemogenetic, and molecular methods.

Widespread Occurrence of Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes in Dairy Cattle from Northeast China: Public Health Concerns.

Bovine cryptosporidiosis constitutes a threat to the livestock industry and public health worldwide. In the present study we investigated dairy cattle of all ages in northeast China for the prevalence and genetic traits of Cryptosporidium. Nested polymerase chain reaction of the small subunit rRNA gene was used to identify Cryptosporidium species or genotype.

Oral Delivery of Probiotics Expressing Dendritic Cell-Targeting Peptide Fused with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus COE Antigen: A Promising Vaccine Strategy against PEDV.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteric coronavirus, is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) that damages intestinal epithelial cells and results in severe diarrhea and dehydration in neonatal suckling pigs with up to 100% mortality. The oral vaccine route is reported as a promising approach for inducing protective immunity against PEDV invasion. Furthermore, dendritic cells (DCs), professional antigen-presenting cells, link humoral and cellular immune responses for homeostasis of the intestinal immune environment.

First report of Blastocystis infections in cattle in China.

Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal protists of humans and can also infect a variety of other mammals and birds. Blastocystis infections and subtype distribution in cattle have been documented, while nothing is known about those in China. Herein, a total of 526 dairy cattle from northeast China were sampled and investigated for the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Blastocystis and the potential role of bovine animals in zoonotic transmission of Blastocystis.

Genkwanin nanosuspensions: a novel and potential antitumor drug in breast carcinoma therapy.

Recently, genkwanin (GKA) has been shown to display in vitro antitumor activity against some cancer cells, but its poor solubility restricted the in vivo study and further investigation of its antitumor therapeutic efficacy. In this paper, genkwanin nanosuspensions (GKA-NSps) were successfully prepared using D-alpha tocopherol acid polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as a stabilizer using the precipitation-homogenization method. The obtained GKA-NSps had an average particle size of 183.

Immunogenicity of eGFP-Marked Recombinant Lactobacillus casei against Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are the causative agents of highly fatal acute diarrhea in pigs, resulting in enormous losses in the pig industry worldwide. To develop an effective bivalent oral vaccine against TGEV and PEDV infection, the D antigenic site of the TGEV spike (S) protein and the major antigen site (core neutralizing epitope-COE) of the PEDV S protein were used as immunogens, and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene was used as a reporter to construct genetically engineered rLpPG-T7g10-eGFP-6D-COE. The expression of proteins of interest by the recombinant was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and a Western blot assay, and the immunogenicity of rLpPG-T7g10-eGFP-6D-COE in orally immunized mice was evaluated.

Direct preparation of a graphene oxide modified monolith in a glass syringe as a solid-phase extraction cartridge for the extraction of quaternary ammonium alkaloids from Chinese patent medicine.

Packed cartridges have been widely used in solid-phase extraction. However, there are still some drawbacks, such as they are blocked easily and the method is time-consuming. In view of the advantages of monoliths, a monolithic extraction material has been directly synthesized in a glass syringe without any gap between the monolith and syringe inner wall.

Phosphorylated SNAP25 in the CA1 regulates morphine-associated contextual memory retrieval via increasing GluN2B-NMDAR surface localization.

Although our previous studies have demonstrated both protein kinase C (PKC) and GluN2B-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (GluN2B-NMDAR) play crucial roles in morphine-associated learning and memory, the relationship between them remains unexplored. In this study, we validated the enhanced PKC and membrane GluN2B protein expression in the hippocampal CA1 after morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) expression in rats. Interestingly, we also found that phosphorylation of SNAP25 at Ser187 (pSer187-SNAP25), a PKC-activated target, was significantly increased following morphine CPP expression.

Molecular characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi isolates in laboratory macaques in north China: zoonotic concerns.

The significance of wild and zoo nonhuman primates (NHPs) as potential sources of human Enterocytozoon bieneusi infections has been increasingly appreciated, while the role of laboratory NHPs in zoonotic transmission of microsporidiosis remains elusive. In this study, the infection rate, genetic characteristic, and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi were investigated for 205 laboratory macaques in Beijing, north China.

[Establishment of two competitive ELISAs for specific detection of bluetongue virus serotype 4].

To develop a clinical diagnosis technique for bluetongue virus infection, we established serotype-specific methods to detect serotype 4 of bluetongue virus (BTV-4). Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against VP2 protein of BTV-4, named 4A-1G7 and 4B-1B6, were used as competitive antibodies in the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (C-ELISA). We detected 50 negative serum samples from sheep, goats and cattle by C-ELISA.

[Identification of epitope recognized by a monoclonal antibody against VP2 protein of bluetongue virus serotype 8].

To confirm the B cell epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody (MAb) 3G11 of bluetongue virus type 8 (BTV-8) VP2 protein prepared in our laboratory, antigen epitopes recognized by 3G11 were screened and identified by phage display technology. KLLAT sequence was found by sequencing of blue spot after four rounds panning and 283LL284 of common short peptide sequence was obtained after comparison to amino acid sequence of BTV-8 VP2 protein. The peptide sequences KLLAA, KALAT, KLAAT and KLLAT were synthesized and identified by indirect ELISA.

Folate-modified Annonaceous acetogenins nanosuspensions and their improved antitumor efficacy.

Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a large family of fatty acid derived natural products that are exclusively isolated from the species. Many members of this diverse family have a broad spectrum of biological activities, the most impressive of which is anticancer activity. However, their poor solubility and severe toxicity restrict their clinical application, and their complicated composition hinders their formulation and drug delivery.

Recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing Clostridium perfringens toxoids α, β2, ε and β1 gives protection against Clostridium perfringens in rabbits.

The present study used Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 as antigen delivery system to express C. perfringens toxoids α-β2-ε-β1 to construct the recombination Lactobacillus casei pPG-2-α-β2-ε-β1/L. casei 393.

Distinct Roles of Dopamine Receptors in the Lateral Thalamus in a Rat Model of Decisional Impulsivity.

The thalamus and central dopamine signaling have been shown to play important roles in high-level cognitive processes including impulsivity. However, little is known about the role of dopamine receptors in the thalamus in decisional impulsivity. In the present study, rats were tested using a delay discounting task and divided into three groups: high impulsivity (HI), medium impulsivity (MI), and low impulsivity (LI).

TMPRSS2 and MSPL Facilitate Trypsin-Independent Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication in Vero Cells.

Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) facilitate the spread and replication of viruses such as influenza and human coronaviruses, although it remains unclear whether TTSPs play a role in the progression of animal coronavirus infections, such as that by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). In this study, TTSPs including TMPRSS2, HAT, DESC1, and MSPL were tested for their ability to facilitate PEDV replication in Vero cells. Our results showed that TMPRSS2 and MSPL played significant roles in the stages of cell-cell fusion and virus-cell fusion, whereas HAT and DESC1 exhibited weaker effects.

Rapid and sensitive detection of salmonid alphavirus using TaqMan real-time PCR.

Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) infection has led to the spread of salmon pancreas disease (PD) and sleeping disease (SD) to salmonids in several countries in Europe, resulting in tremendous economic losses to the fish farming industry. Recently, with increases in the fish import trade, many countries in which SAV has been unreported, such as China, may be seriously threatened by these diseases. It is therefore necessary to develop efficient detection methods for the prevention and diagnosis of SAV infection.

CRFR1 in the ventromedial caudate putamen modulates acute stress-enhanced expression of cocaine locomotor sensitization.

Repeated exposure to psychostimulants induces a long-lasting enhancement of locomotor activity called behavioral sensitization, which is often reinforced by stress after drug withdrawal. The mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain elusive. Here we explored the effects of acute stress 3 or 14 days after the cessation of chronic cocaine treatment on the expression of locomotor sensitization induced by a cocaine challenge in rats and the key brain region and molecular mechanism underlying the phenomenon.

The role of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) proteins in the modulation of NF-κB pathway during IHNV infection.

Viral infections frequently lead to the activation of host innate immune signaling pathways involved in the defense against invading pathogens. To ensure their survival, viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to overcome the host immune responses. The present study demonstrated for the first time that infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) activated NF-κB pathway in fish cells.

Intracellular Delivery of Colloidally Stable Core-Cross-Linked Triblock Copolymer Micelles with Glutathione-Responsive Enhanced Drug Release for Cancer Therapy.

Design and development of amphiphilic block copolymer-based nanocarriers exhibiting enhanced colloidal stability upon dilution in the blood and cellular glutathione-responsive rapid drug release is highly desired for tumor-targeting chemotherapy. Herein, we report a novel ABA-type triblock copolymer consisting of a hydrophilic central poly(ethylene glycol) block and two terminal hydrophobic blocks of a polymethacrylate having pendant disulfides (PHMssEt), thus PHMssEt-b-PEG-b-PHMssEt (ssTP). Aqueous self-assembly and the following disulfide-exchange reaction of the resulting ssTP allow for formation of core-cross-linked micelles (CCMs) through the formation of new disulfide linkages, retaining enhanced colloidal stability in physiological conditions and in the presence of proteins.