Advancement on target ranging and tracking by four-quadrant photon counting lidar.

Single-photon lidar stands out as a promising technology for long-distance lidar applications, owing to its attributes of single-photon sensitivity and high repetition rate. Existing single-photon lidar systems typically rely on single-point scanning for positioning and tracking, necessitating intricate and precise scanning control. In pursuit of a more concise and efficient positioning, we incorporate the four-quadrant theory to articulate the signal formula of photon detection, and propose a novel single-photon four-quadrant positioning method.

Luminescence properties of SrGaGeO:Bi phosphors and temperature sensing characteristics of co-doped Sm.

As one of the fundamental physical quantities, temperature is extremely important in various fields. In order to study the temperature sensing characteristics of dual-emitting center phosphors, Bi-doped and Bi/Sm-doped SrGaGeO phosphors were synthesized by high-temperature solid-phase method. Under 312 nm excitation, the SrGaGeO:Bi phosphor exhibits a blue broadband emission corresponding to the P → S transition of Bi ions.

Trusted artificial intelligence for environmental assessments: An explainable high-precision model with multi-source big data.

Environmental assessments are critical for ensuring the sustainable development of human civilization. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in these assessments has shown great promise, yet the "black box" nature of AI models often undermines trust due to the lack of transparency in their decision-making processes, even when these models demonstrate high accuracy. To address this challenge, we evaluated the performance of a transformer model against other AI approaches, utilizing extensive multivariate and spatiotemporal environmental datasets encompassing both natural and anthropogenic indicators.

Optimizing the thermophysical behavior of a novel ternary hybrid nanofluid for energy applications through experimental research.

The continual use of fossil fuel technologies has negatively impacted on the environment and has caused huge health challenges globally. Despite the growth of renewable energy technologies, their efficiency issues have hindered widespread adoption. The use of nanofluids as heat transfer fluids in renewable energy technologies have further improved their overall efficiency, resulting in a more environmentally friendly performance of these systems.

A LIBS spectrum baseline correction method based on the non-parametric prior penalized least squares algorithm.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become a popular element analysis technique because of its real-time multi-element detection and non-damage advantages. However, due to factors such as laser-substance interaction and the experimental environment, the measured LIBS spectrum signal contains a continuous background, severely influencing spectrum analysis. In this paper, we propose a LIBS spectrum baseline correction method based on the non-parametric prior penalized least squares (NPPPLS) algorithm.

Unlocking Cr-Cr Coupling in Spinel: Ultrabroadband Near-Infrared Emission beyond 900 nm with High Efficiency and Thermal Stability.

Broadband near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) hold promising potential as next-generation compact, portable, and intelligent NIR light sources. Nonetheless, the lack of high-performance broadband NIR phosphors with an emission peak beyond 900 nm has severely hindered the development and widespread application of NIR pc-LEDs. This study presents a strategy for precise control of energy-state coupling in spinel solid solutions composed of MgZnGaO to tune the NIR emissions of Cr activators.

Assessing the decarbonization of electricity generation in major emitting countries by 2030 and 2050: Transition to a high share renewable energy mix.

The urgent need to mitigate the severe environmental impacts of climate change necessitates a transition to a low-carbon energy infrastructure, crucial for decarbonization and achieving global sustainability goals. This study investigates the decarbonization trajectories of five major economies and significant carbon emitters: the United States of America (USA), China, Japan, Germany, and India. We focus on evaluating two decarbonization scenarios for power generation.

Luminescence of Sm in double perovskite-type BaSrWO for insect trapping.

The predominant method for pest control has been the use of pesticides, which have been shown to have detrimental effects on soil, freshwater, and crop quality. Therefore, the development of novel and sustainable crop protection strategies has become increasingly imperative. In this study, a novel orange-red emitting BaSrWO: Sm phosphor was synthesized using the high-temperature solid-state reaction.

Environmental impact and thermodynamic comparative optimization of CO2-based multi-energy systems powered with geothermal energy.

The continuous increase in global population and energy demands has enhanced the use of fossil fuels. The evident climate change effect in recent years has brought about the necessity to reduce fossil fuels. Hence, there exists an aggregate problem of meeting energy demands and reducing carbon emissions.

Widely tunable and high resolution mid-infrared laser based on BaGaSe optical parametric oscillator.

The widely tunable and high resolution mid-infrared laser based on a BaGaSe (BGSe) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) was demonstrated. A wavelength tuning range of 2.76-4.

Quantitative determination of microbial materials activity based on infrared extinction properties.

Microbial bacteria play an irreplaceable role in natural and human production and life; thus, determining their activities is an important issue. This study proposed a method to quantitatively determine the activity of microbial materials through extinction property calculation using infrared spectroscopy. Complex refractive indices of different active biomaterials were calculated based on their infrared spectra, and their extinction properties were determined using the discrete dipole approximation method.

Sputtering of Molybdenum as a Promising Back Electrode Candidate for Superstrate Structured Sb S Solar Cells.

Sb S is rapidly developed as light absorber material for solar cells due to its excellent photoelectric properties. However, the use of the organic hole transport layer of Spiro-OMeTAD and gold (Au) in Sb S solar cells imposes serious problems in stability and cost. In this work, low-cost molybdenum (Mo) prepared by magnetron sputtering is demonstrated to serve as a back electrode in superstrate structured Sb S solar cells for the first time.

Actuation technologies for magnetically guided catheters.

Due to their wide range of clinical application possibilities, magnetic actuation technologies have grabbed the attention of researchers worldwide. The design, execution, and analysis of magnetic catheter systems have advanced significantly during the last decade. The review focuses on magnetic actuation for catheter steering and control of the device, which will be explored in detail in the following sections.

Near-Infrared Long Afterglow in Fe-Activated MgSnO for Self-Sustainable Night Vision.

The advent of near-infrared (NIR) afterglow in Cr-doped materials has stimulated considerable interest in technological applications owing to the sustainable emission of light with good penetrability. However, the development of Cr-free NIR afterglow phosphors with high efficiency, low cost, and precise spectral tunability is still an open question. Herein, we report a novel Fe-activated NIR long afterglow phosphor composed of MgSnO (MSO), in which Fe ions occupy the tetrahedral [Mg-O] and octahedral [Sn/Mg-O] sites, giving rise to a broadband NIR emission spanning 720-789 nm.

A Natural Glucan from Black Bean Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation via PI3K-Akt and MAPK Pathway.

A natural α-1,6-glucan named BBWPW was identified from black beans. Cell viability assay showed that BBWPW inhibited the proliferation of different cancer cells, especially HeLa cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that BBWPW suppressed the HeLa cell cycle in the G2/M phase.

Magnetically steerable catheters: State of the art review.

Magnetically steerable catheters (MSCs) have caught the interest of researchers due to their various potential uses in clinical applications, for example, minimally invasive surgery. Many significant advances in the design, implementation and analysis of MSCs have been accomplished in the last decade. This review concentrates on the configurations of current MSCs with an in depth look at control of the device and the specific workspace.

Self-assembled CsPbBr quantum dots with wavelength-tunable photoluminescence for efficient active jamming.

CsPbBr perovskite quantum dots (QDs) show great potential in various applications due to their size-dependent and excellent optoelectronic properties. However, it is still challenging to synthesize size-tunable CsPbBr QDs with purple emission. Herein, CsPbBr nanospheres (NS) with purple emission (432 nm) and wavelength-tunable photoluminescence were synthesized using a two-step recrystallization method for the first time.

Analysis of factors influencing infrared extinction area of explosive smokescreen.

Objectives: Comparative studies of different smokescreen designs are essential to determine differences in extinction performance. This study aims to investigate the extinction performance of explosive smokescreen under different conditions, and to provide an evaluation method for the optimal design of its charge structure.

Methods: The process of formation of the smokescreen with a cylindrical charge structure is described based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method.

Multivariate and spatio-temporal groundwater pollution risk assessment: A new long-time serial groundwater environmental impact assessment system.

Groundwater pollution risk assessment is an important part of environmental assessment. Although it has been developed for many years, there has not yet been a multi-dimensional method that takes into account long time series and spatial factors. We proposed a new method combines the advantages of remote sensing cloud computing, long-term groundwater modeling simulation and GIS technology to solve it efficiently.

Engineering functional and anthropomorphic models for surgical training in interventional radiology: A state-of-the-art review.

Training medical students in surgical procedures and evaluating their performance are both necessary steps to ensure the safety and efficacy of surgeries. Traditionally, trainees practiced on live patients, cadavers or animals under the supervision of skilled physicians, but realistic anatomical phantom models have provided a low-cost alternative because of the advance of material technology that mimics multi-layer tissue structures. This setup provides safer and more efficient training.

Nonlocal means filter based on cosine similarity applied in speckle reduction of digital holography.

In the field of digital holography, the speckle caused by coherent light greatly disturbs the quality of the reconstruction. This paper presents an innovative method to efficiently reduce speckle noise with a nonlocal means filter based on cosine similarity that determines the weight of each traversal pixel to the target pixel by comparing the similarity between the target pixel neighborhood and the traversal pixel neighborhood. Experimental results with qualitative and quantitative analysis indicate that the proposed method significantly improves noise reduction performance while preserving the details of the original image.

Security Performance Analysis of LEO Satellite Constellation Networks under DDoS Attack.

Low Earth orbit satellite constellation networks (LSCNs) have attracted significant attention around the world due to their great advantages of low latency and wide coverage, but they also bring new challenges to network security. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are considered one of the most threatening attack methods in the field of Internet security. In this paper, a space-time graph model is built to identify the key nodes in LSCNs, and a DDoS attack is adopted as the main means to attack the key nodes.

Chemical Structure and Immune Activation of a Glucan From .

is a traditional Chinese herb used to treat depression and coronary heart disease. Studies on its active components mainly focus on small molecular compounds such as asarone and other essential oil components, while the large molecular active components such as polysaccharides are ignored. In this study, we aimed to study the chemical structure and immune activation of polysaccharides from .

Rapid testing on the effect of cracks on solar cells output power performance and thermal operation.

This work investigates the impact of cracks and fractural defects in solar cells and their cause for output power losses and the development of hotspots. First, an electroluminescence (EL) imaging setup was utilized to test ten solar cells samples with differing crack sizes, varying from 1 to 58%. Our results confirm that minor cracks have no considerable effect upon solar cell output, and they develop no hotspots.

Reduction of speckle noise in digital holography using a neighborhood filter based on multiple sub-reconstructed images.

The application of digital holography in several fields is limited since speckle destroys the original information of the reconstructed image. This paper proposes a neighborhood filter based on multiple sub-reconstructed images according to the random distribution of speckle noise. In this method, the denoised value is equal to the weighted sum of neighboring pixel values, and the weight is calculated by the degree of correlation between different positions of multiple sub-holograms.