Microbial-type terpene synthases significantly contribute to the terpene profile of glandular trichomes of the fern Dryopteris fragrans (L.).

Ferns, known for their adaptability and widespread presence, form a diverse group of plants. However, the mechanisms underlying terpenoid production, which are often linked to plant adaptation, are not well understood in ferns. Here, we report that Dryopteris fragrans (D.

Data augmented lung cancer prediction framework using the nested case control NLST cohort.

Purpose: In the context of lung cancer screening, the scarcity of well-labeled medical images poses a significant challenge to implement supervised learning-based deep learning methods. While data augmentation is an effective technique for countering the difficulties caused by insufficient data, it has not been fully explored in the context of lung cancer screening. In this research study, we analyzed the state-of-the-art (SOTA) data augmentation techniques for lung cancer binary prediction.

Context-Dependent and Gene-Specific Role of Chromatin Architecture Mediated by Histone Modifiers and Loop-extrusion Machinery.

Loop-extrusion machinery, comprising the cohesin complex and CCCTC-binding factor CTCF, organizes the interphase chromosomes into topologically associating domains (TADs) and loops, but acute depletion of components of this machinery results in variable transcriptional changes in different cell types, highlighting the complex relationship between chromatin organization and gene regulation. Here, we systematically investigated the role of 3D genome architecture in gene regulation in mouse embryonic stem cells under various perturbation conditions. We found that acute depletion of cohesin or CTCF disrupts the formation of TADs, but affects gene regulation in a gene-specific and context-dependent manner.

The RNA binding protein CARHSP1 facilitates tumor growth, metastasis and immune escape by enhancing IL-17RA mRNA stabilization in prostate cancer.

Background: Calcium-regulated heat-stable protein 1 (CARHSP1) has been identified as a cold shock domain (CSD) protein family member, participating in the regulation of ribosomal translation, mRNA degradation, and the rate of transcription termination. However, there is an extremely limited understanding of the function of CARHSP1 as an RNA binding protein (RBP) in prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: The expression pattern of CARHSP1 and the correlation between the CARHSP1 expression and clinical prognosis in PCa patients were analyzed by using multiple public databases.

Enhancing the Reversibility and Kinetics of Heterovalent Ion-Substituted Mn-Based Prussian Blue Analogue Cathodes via Intervalence Charge Transfer.

Mn (d) in manganese-based Prussian blue analogues (MnPBA) exhibits intrinsic orbital degeneracy upon sodiation/desodiation, resulting in severe Jahn-Teller distortion, which usually causes rapid capacity decay and sluggish kinetics. Unfortunately, traditional modification strategies are insufficient for electronic tuning of Mn to mitigate these issues. Herein, Intervalence Charge Transfer (IVCT) of manganese and iron to vanadium ions is unraveled in a series of novel V-substituted MnPBA to enhance electrochemical reaction reversibility and kinetics.

Resting-state network alterations in depression: a comprehensive meta-analysis of functional connectivity.

Background: Depression has been linked to disruptions in resting-state networks (RSNs). However, inconsistent findings on RSN disruptions, with variations in reported connectivity within and between RSNs, complicate the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying depression.

Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science identified studies that employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore RSN changes in depression.

Thiostrepton suppresses intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via FOXM1-mediated tumor-associated macrophages reprogramming.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive cancer with an extremely poor prognosis, highlighting the urgent need for new treatment options. Recent studies increasingly suggest that the Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor may serve as a candidate target for cancer immunotherapy. However, its role and the underlying molecular mechanisms in ICC remain not fully understood.

Three-dimensional shape measurement method and system calibration for an annular inner-wall.

In the field of industrial measurement, capturing a three-dimensional (3D) profile of an annular inner-wall has been a significant challenge. Current methods typically require multiple scans using a 3D scanner or circular structured light technique, which are inefficient and inconvenient to use. To address this issue, an off-axis measurement method and corresponding system has been proposed in this paper based on circular fringe projection.

DNA methylation of ACADS promotes immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Altered metabolism has become an important characteristic of cancer, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short-chain (ACADS), a regulator of lipid synthesis, is involved in carcinogenesis-associated metabolic pathways. DNA methylation is an important mechanism for silencing ACADS in various malignancies. However, the specific role of ACADS in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis remains poorly understood.

Recent research progress on microRNAs from mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for tumor therapy: A review.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of protocells that can differentiate into various cell types and have robust replication and renewal capabilities. MSCs secrete various nutritional factors to regulate the microenvironment of tumor tissues. The mechanism by which they inhibit or promote tumor growth may be closely related to MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo).

PFOS and Its Commercial Alternative, 6:2 Cl-PFESA, Induce Multidrug Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), specifically perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and its alternative, 2-[(6-chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-dodecafluorohexyl)oxy]-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA), are associated with environmental health concerns and potential cancer progression. However, their impact on multidrug resistance (MDR) in pancreatic cancer (PC) chemotherapy remains unclear. Here, we employed drug-sensitivity assays, including IC calculations, and models with various chemotherapeutics, and paclitaxel (PTX) as a representative agent, combined with transcriptomic/proteomic sequencing and clinical prognostic analysis, to identify MDR-related genes and validate their relevance, with the objective of establishing the correlation between PFOS/6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure and MDR in PC at molecular, cellular, and animal model levels.

Diverse RNA methylation patterns in neutrophils: key drivers in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Neutrophils, crucial in the immune system, have recently been implicated in promoting malignancy. RNA methylation, an essential epigenetic feature, plays a key role in tumor microenvironment (TME) reprogramming. However, the relationship between neutrophils and RNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.

Enhanced Electrical Performance of InAs Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors Based on the YO Isolation Layer.

Nanowire (NW) field-effect transistors (FETs) have great potential in next-generation integrated circuits. InAs NWs are suitable for N-type transistors because of their excellent electrical properties. However, unlike the Si/SiO system, the loose and defective native oxide of InAs is unable to passivate the channel surface and serve as an efficient isolation layer (IL) in the gate stack.

Transcriptional signatures of gray matter volume changes in mild traumatic brain injury.

Background: Neuroimaging studies have shown that patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) often exhibit changes in gray matter volume (GMV) in the brain. However, the results regarding these changes are inconsistent, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate GMV changes in mTBI patients and uncover the molecular mechanisms driving these alterations.

Pair-Density-Wave Superconductivity: A Microscopic Model on the 2D Honeycomb Lattice.

Pair-density wave (PDW) is a long-sought exotic state with oscillating superconducting order without external magnetic field. So far it has been rare in establishing a 2D microscopic model with PDW long-range order in its ground state. Here, we propose to study PDW superconductivity in a minimal model of spinless fermions (or spin-polarized electrons) on the honeycomb lattice with nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor interaction V_{1} and V_{2}, respectively.

Brain connectivity and transcriptomic similarity inform abnormal morphometric similarity patterns in first-episode, treatment-naïve major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with disrupted brain structural integration. Morphometric similarity offers a means to capture the coordinated patterns of various structural features. However, it remains unknown whether MDD-related changes can be detected in cortical morphometric similarity through the Morphometric Inverse Divergence (MIND) network.

Sequential multiple mediating effect of loneliness and family health on physical frailty and willingness to age at home in older adults: a national survey in China.

Background: With the rapid ageing of the global population, the number of older adults with physical frailty has been gradually increasing, making ageing at home a key strategy for coping with this demographic change. The opinions of older adults regarding their willingness to age at home deserve to be considered respectfully. As a result, this study aimed to investigate willingness to age at home and any associated underlying mechanisms involving physical frailty among older Chinese adults.

Concurrent activation of CO and HO on sulfur-doped CNT-supported nickel phthalocyanine for electrochemical CO reduction to CO.

Concurrent activation of CO and HO is essential for CO electroreduction reaction, but challenging. A sulfur-doped carbon nanotubes-supported nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc/S-CNTs) can concurrently activate CO and HO, promoting CO protonation to *COOH. The NiPc/S-CNTs achieves CO Faraday efficiency of >96% at current density from -20 to -140 mA cm.

Association of MTHFR rs9651118 and TYMS rs2790 Polymorphisms with Risk of Cancers: A Case-Control Study and Meta-analysis.

Recently, rs9651118 in the MTHFR gene and rs2790 in the TYMS gene have been repeatedly studied for their contribution to cancer risk. However, the results remain conflicting rather than conclusive. Therefore, we here conducted a replication case-control study and a meta-analysis to comprehensively examine the contribution of rs9651118 and rs2790 to cancer risk.