Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on Multiclass Classification of Three-Dimensional Brain Images for Parkinson's Disease Stage Prediction.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, is commonly diagnosed using functional medical imaging techniques such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In this study, we utilized two SPECT data sets (n = 634 and n = 202) from different hospitals to develop a model capable of accurately predicting PD stages, a multiclass classification task. We used the entire three-dimensional (3D) brain images as input and experimented with various model architectures.

The bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of the carcinogenic role of EXO1 in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Exonuclease 1 (EXO1), a protein involved in mismatch repair and recombination processes, has been identified as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Nevertheless, its role in LUAD progression remains elusive. This study seeks to elucidate the functional significance of EXO1 in LUAD and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.

Pd-Catalyzed Migratory 1,1-Cycloannulation Reaction of Alkenes.

Here, we report a novel strategy for the preparation of diverse heterocycles via a Pd-catalyzed migratory 1,1-cycloannulation reaction (MCAR) of alkenes. Starting from readily available alkenyl amines and alkenyl alcohols, this approach allows the formation of a wide range of five- to seven-membered azaheterocycles and oxaheterocycles with high efficiency and good functional group tolerance. The key to the realization of this reaction is the use of 4-iodophenol or 2-iodophenol derivatives where the phenolic hydroxyl group plays a critical role in controlling the direction of migration and the ring-size of the heterocycles through the formation of a quinone methide intermediate.

Soy Protein and Safflower-Seed Oil Attenuate Inflammation and Immune Dysfunction in Rats with Hyperuricemia.

A plant-based diet is considered a promising approach for managing hyperuricemia (HUA). This study examined the effects of soy protein and plant-based oils on HUA-induced inflammation and immune dysfunction. Male Wistar rats, induced with HUA using oxonic acid and uric acid (UA), were fed casein or soy protein with palm or safflower oil (2 × 2 factorial design) for 8 weeks.

Ligand-enabled Ni-catalysed dicarbofunctionalisation of alkenes with diverse native functional groups.

The transition metal-catalysed dicarbofunctionalisation of unactivated alkenes normally requires exogenous strong coordinated directing groups, thus reducing the overall reaction efficiency. Here, we report a ligand-enabled Ni(II)-catalysed dicarbofunctionalisation of unactivated alkenes with aryl/alkenyl boronic acids and alkyl halides as the coupling partners with a diverse range of native functional groups as the directing group. This dicarbofunctionalisation protocol provides an efficient and direct route towards vicinal 1,2-disubstituted alkanes using primary, secondary, tertiary amides, sulfonamides, as well as secondary and tertiary amines under redox-neutral conditions that are challenging to access through conventional methods.

Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Acylsilanes with Heteroarenes via Bimetallic Relay.

The transition metal-catalyzed direct coupling reactions involving electron-rich Fischer carbene species are largely underdeveloped and remain a big challenge. Here, a direct coupling reaction of azoles and azine N-oxides is reported with Fischer copper carbene species bearing an α-siloxy group i, which can be in situ generated from acylsilanes catalytically under photoirradiation and redox-neutral conditions. This coupling reaction between electron-rich α-siloxy Fischer Cu-carbene species with hard carbanion nucleophiles may undergo a bimetallic relay process, which is confirmed by the kinetic analysis and in situ NMR analysis.

Structural Diversity and Dimensionality of Three Cu(II)-dpds-CO Coordination Polymers Controlled by the Coordination Sphere of Cu(II) Centers and the Coordination Modes of CO (dpds = 4,4'-Dipyridyldisulfide).

Three supramolecular architectures, [Cu(dpds)(CO)(HO)]·3HO (), [Cu(dpds)(CO)]·3HO (), and [Cu(dpds)(CO)]·9HO·CHOH () (dpds = 4,4'-dipyridyldisulfide and CO (croconate) = dianion of 4,5-dihydroxycyclopent-4-ene-1,2,3-trione), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound contains two crystallographically independent Cu(II) ions, which are both distorted octahedral geometry with elongation along the croconate- and HO-bound axial positions and bonded with two N atoms of two dpds, two O atoms of one CO , and two HO molecules. Two crystallographically independent dpds ligands, both adopting the bis-monodentate bridging mode, connect two Cu(II) ions to form a one-dimensional zigzag chain-like coordination polymer.

3D-printed controllable bio-accelerators with sustained release property to boost chromium (VI) inhibited denitrification recovery.

Although soluble bio-accelerators have proven effective in mitigating Cr(VI) inhibition within denitrification system, issues persist in immobilizing bio-accelerators and making them slow-release for sustained regulation. In this study, a novel strategy was proposed to fabricate immobilized bio-accelerators with controlled structure, sustained release property by 3D printing technology. Notably, the sustained release of bio-accelerators from 3D-printed bio-accelerators (3DP-B) lasted for at least 144 h.

Construction of Lactones via Ligand-Enabled Ni-Catalyzed Alkene Hydroxylarylation/Lactonization.

Here, we report the preparation of lactones via Ni-catalyzed alkene hydroxylarylation and sequential intramolecular lactonization with O as a green oxidant and oxygen source. The bulky 1,3-diketone ligand is crucial by enabling Ni-catalyzed hydroxylarylation of alkenes, providing numerous phthalide and furanone derivatives with high efficiency under mild conditions. The synthetic value of this methodology was further demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of typhaphthalide and a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor.

Tudor-SN exacerbates pathological vascular remodeling by promoting the polyubiquitination of PTEN via NEDD4-1.

Background: Dysregulation of vascular homeostasis can induce cardiovascular diseases and increase global mortality rates. Although lineage tracing studies have confirmed the pivotal role of modulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the progression of pathological vascular remodeling, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear.

Methods: The expression of Tudor-SN was determined in VSMCs of artery stenosis, PDGF-BB-treated VSMCs and atherosclerotic plaque.

Development and Application of SPOSiPs: A Class of Diphosphine Ligands Based on SPOSiOL.

Here, we report the development and application of a novel class of spirosilacycle-based diphosphine ligands (SPOSiPs). This type of diphosphine ligand could be readily prepared in two steps with high efficiency starting from enantiopure spirobiphenoxasilin-diol (SPOSiOL). According to the structural analysis of SPOSiP and its PdCl complex, SPOSiPs possess a flexible chiral pocket and feature a rigid configuration, a large dihedral angle, a long P-P distance, and a large P-M-P bite angle in their metal complexes.

Stabilizing the Ferroelectric Phase of Hf_{0.5}Zr_{0.5}O_{2} Thin Films by Charge Transfer.

Ferroelectric hafnia-based thin films have attracted significant interest due to their compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology (CMOS). Achieving and stabilizing the metastable ferroelectric phase in these films is crucial for their application in ferroelectric devices. Recent research efforts have concentrated on the stabilization of the ferroelectric phase in hafnia-based films and delving into the mechanisms responsible for this stability.

Future Goal Aspirations of Students With Extensive Support Needs: Findings From NLTS 2012.

This study used data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 (NLTS 2012) to explore the future goal aspirations of students with extensive support needs who participate in alternate assessments, compared to other students with extensive support needs and to students with other disabilities. We examined students' individualized education program (IEP)/transition planning meeting experiences and postschool goals in relation to their functional, communication, and self-advocacy skills, as well as their school/community support. Students with other disabilities held higher expectations than all students with extensive support needs for future participation in postsecondary education, employment, independent living, and financial independence.

A Web-Based Resilience-Enhancing Program to Improve Resilience, Physical Activity, and Well-being in Geriatric Population: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Resilience is a protective factor in healthy aging, helping to maintain and recover physical and mental functions. The Resilience in Illness Model has proven effective in fostering resilience and well-being. Physical activity is crucial for older adults' independence and well-being, even as aging causes a progressive decline.

Complexity Matters: Normalization to Prototypical Viewpoint Induces Memory Distortion along the Vertical Axis of Scenes.

Scene memory is prone to systematic distortions potentially arising from experience with the external world. Boundary transformation, a well-known memory distortion effect along the near-far axis of the three-dimensional space, represents the observer's erroneous recall of scenes' viewing distance. Researchers argued that normalization to the prototypical viewpoint with the high-probability viewing distance influenced this phenomenon.

Topology Prediction of Gas-Separating Metal-Organic Frameworks with Low Symmetry Vertices.

Topology serves as a blueprint for the construction of reticular structures such as metal-organic frameworks, especially for those based on building blocks with highly symmetrical shapes. However, it remains a challenge to predict the topology of the frameworks from less symmetrical units, because their corresponding vertex figures are largely deformed from the perfect geometries with no "default" net embedding. Furthermore, vertices involving flexible units may have multiple shape choices, and the competition among their designated topologies makes the structure prediction in large uncertainty.

Pd(II)-Catalyzed 1,2-Oxyarylation of Alkenes with -Acylhydroxylamines as the Oxygen Source.

-Acylhydroxylamine has been widely employed as an electrophilic amination reagent in transition-metal-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions, but its use as an electrophilic oxygen source has not been disclosed. Here, we report a Pd-catalyzed 1,2-oxyarylation of alkenes with -acylhydroxylamines as an oxidant and an oxygen source for the first time. With simple amide as the monodentate directing group, this method features a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and mild conditions.

Structure-guided identification and characterization of potent inhibitors targeting PhoP and MtrA to combat mycobacteria.

Mycobacteria are causative agents of tuberculosis (TB), which is a global health concern. Drug-resistant TB strains are rapidly emerging, thereby necessitating the urgent development of new drugs. Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) are signaling pathways involved in the regulation of various bacterial behaviors and responses to environmental stimuli.

Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of Monohydrosilanes via Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydrosilylation.

The catalytic access of silicon-stereogenic organosilanes remains a big challenge, and largely depends on the desymmetrization of the symmetric precursors with two identical substitutes attached to silicon atom. Here we report the construction of silicon-stereogenic organosilanes via catalytic kinetic resolution of racemic monohydrosilanes with good to excellent selectivity factors. Both Si-stereogenic dihydrobenzosiloles and Si-stereogenic monohydrosilanes could be efficiently accessed in one single operation via Rh-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular hydrosilylation, employing (R,R)-Et-DuPhos as the optimal ligand.

Discovery of a potent inhibitor, D-132, targeting AsfvPolX, via protein-DNA complex-guided pharmacophore screening and in vitro molecular characterizations.

The heightened transmissibility and capacity of African swine fever virus (ASFV) induce fatal diseases in domestic pigs and wild boars, posing significant economic repercussions and global threats. Despite extensive research efforts, the development of potent vaccines or treatments for ASFV remains a persistent challenge. Recently, inhibiting the AsfvPolX, a key DNA repair enzyme, emerges as a feasible strategy to disrupt viral replication and control ASFV infections.

Postschool Goal Expectations for Youth With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Using National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 data, this study explored parent and youth expectations in the areas of postsecondary education, employment, independent living, and financial independence. Compared to youth with other disabilities, youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their parents had much lower expectations for the four postschool goals, and parent expectations were much lower than youth's own expectations. Also, youth's race, along with their daily living skills and functional abilities, were positively associated with parent and youth expectations in several future goal areas.

Construction of Si-Stereogenic Silanols by Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Alkenylation.

The construction of silicon-stereogenic silanols via Pd-catalyzed intermolecular C-H alkenylation with the assistance of a commercially available L-pyroglutamic acid has been realized for the first time. Employing oxime ether as the directing group, silicon-stereogenic silanol derivatives could be readily prepared with excellent enantioselectivities, featuring a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, parallel kinetic resolution with unsymmetric substrates further highlighted the generality of this protocol.