Ambient Air Pollution and Depressed Mood in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) Wave IV.

Depression is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. There is limited understanding of how environmental exposures may contribute to depression etiology. We used Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine associations between low-level ambient air pollution exposure and depressed mood in a generally healthy population of over 10,000 24-32 year olds.

Two-Year Longitudinal Outcomes of Subjective Cognitive Decline in Hispanics Compared to Non-hispanic Whites.

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), considered a preclinical dementia stage, is less understood in Hispanics, a high-risk group for dementia. We investigated SCD to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progression risk, as well as baseline and longitudinal features of depressive symptoms, SCD complaints, and objective cognitive performance among Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW).

Methods: Hispanic (n = 23) and NHW (n = 165) SCD participants were evaluated at baseline and 2-year follow-up.

Artificial Neural Network Language Models Predict Human Brain Responses to Language Even After a Developmentally Realistic Amount of Training.

Artificial neural networks have emerged as computationally plausible models of human language processing. A major criticism of these models is that the amount of training data they receive far exceeds that of humans during language learning. Here, we use two complementary approaches to ask how the models' ability to capture human fMRI responses to sentences is affected by the amount of training data.

Corticospinal and corticoreticulospinal projections benefit motor behaviors in chronic stroke.

Unlabelled: After corticospinal tract (CST) stroke, several motor deficits in the upper extremity (UE) emerge, including diminished muscle strength, motor control, and muscle individuation. Both the ipsilesional CST and contralesional corticoreticulospinal tract (CReST) innervate the paretic UE and may have different innervation patterns for the proximal and distal UE segments. These patterns may underpin distinct pathway relationships to separable motor behaviors.

Study on inverse geochemical modeling of hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of groundwater system in coal mine area - a case study of Longwanggou Coal Mine in Ordos Basin.

The exploitation of coal resources has disturbed the equilibrium of the original groundwater system, resulting in a perturbation of the deep groundwater dynamic conditions and hydrochemical properties. Exploring the formation of mine water chemistry under the conditions of deep coal seam mining in the Ordos Basin provides a theoretical basis for the identification of sources of mine water intrusion and the development and utilization of water resources. This paper takes Longwanggou Coal Mine as the research area, collects a total of 106 groups of water samples from the main water-filled aquifers, comprehensively uses Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs diagram, ion correlation, ion ratio coefficient and mineral saturation index analysis, and carries out inverse geochemical modeling with PHREEQC software, so as to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and causes of the main water-filled aquifers in deep-buried coal seams in the research area.

Single-cell atlas of the immune microenvironment reveals macrophage reprogramming and the potential dual macrophage-targeted strategy in multiple myeloma.

The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM). This study aimed to present an atlas of MM-TME in disease progression and explore TME-directed therapeutic strategies. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) in samples from different disease stages.

Novel approach to studying effects of inhalational exposure on lung function in civilians exposed to the World Trade Center disaster.

It is increasingly important to study the impact of environmental inhalation exposures on human health in natural or man-made disasters in civilian populations. The members of the World Trade Center Environmental Health Center (WTC EHC; WTC Survivors) had complex exposures to environmental disaster from the destruction of WTC towers and can serve to reveal the effects of WTC exposure on the entire spectrum of lung functions. We aimed to investigate the associations between complex WTC exposures and measures of spirometry and oscillometry in WTC Survivors and included 3605 patients enrolled between Oct 1, 2009 and Mar 31, 2018.

Characteristics of Cancers in Community Members Exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster at a Young Age.

The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers on 11 September 2001 (9/11) released tons of dust and smoke into the atmosphere, exposing hundreds of thousands of community members (survivors) and responders to carcinogens. The WTC Environmental Health Center (WTC EHC) is a federally designated surveillance and treatment program for community members who were present in the New York City disaster area on 9/11 or during the months that followed. WTC EHC enrollment requires exposure to the WTC dust and fumes and a federally certifiable medical condition, which includes most solid and blood cancers.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Mediates the Association between Traumatic World Trade Center Dust Cloud Exposure and Ongoing Systemic Inflammation in Community Members.

Exposure to World Trade Center (WTC) dust/fumes and traumas on 11 September 2001 has been reported as a risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental/physical health symptoms in WTC-affected populations. Increased systemic inflammation and oxidative stress from the exposure and subsequent illnesses have been proposed as contributors to the underlying biological processes. Many blood-based biomarkers of systemic inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP), are useful for non-invasive diagnostic and monitoring of disease process, and also potential targets for therapeutic interventions.

Molecular Clustering Analysis of Blood Biomarkers in World Trade Center Exposed Community Members with Persistent Lower Respiratory Symptoms.

The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001 (9/11) released large amounts of toxic dusts and fumes into the air that exposed many community members who lived and/or worked in the local area. Many community members, defined as WTC survivors by the federal government, developed lower respiratory symptoms (LRS). We previously reported the persistence of these symptoms in patients with normal spirometry despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and/or long-acting bronchodilators.

Characteristics of Women with Lung Adenocarcinoma in the World Trade Center Environmental Health Center.

The destruction of the World Trade Center towers on 11 September 2001 exposed local residents, workers, and individuals in the area (Survivors) to dust and fumes that included known and suspected carcinogens. Given the potential for inhalation of toxic substances and the long latency after exposure, the incidence of lung cancer is expected to increase in WTC-exposed individuals. We describe the characteristics of women WTC Survivors with lung adenocarcinoma who were enrolled in the WTC Environmental Health Center (WTC EHC) between May 2002 and July 2021.

Identification of CXCR4 Upregulation in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Associated with Prognostic Significance and Clinicopathological Characteristics.

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous malignant lymphoma with distinct characteristics. Patients with treatment failure after the standard immunochemotherapy have worse prognosis, which implies the necessity to uncover novel targets. The C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) overexpression has been identified in several hematopoietic malignancies.

Neural Markers of Auditory Response and Habituation in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome.

Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by deletion or sequence variation in the gene at terminal chromosome 22 that confers high likelihood of comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Whereas individuals with idiopathic ASD (iASD) can demonstrate diverse patterns of sensory differences, PMS is mainly characterized by sensory hyporesponsiveness. This study used electrophysiology and a passive auditory habituation paradigm to test for neural markers of hyporesponsiveness.

Global DNA Methylation Profiles in Peripheral Blood of WTC-Exposed Community Members with Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer represents the most common cancer diagnosis among World Trade Center (WTC)-exposed community members, residents, and cleanup workers enrolled in the WTC Environmental Health Center (WTC EHC). The primary aims of this study were (1) to compare blood DNA methylation profiles of WTC-exposed community members with breast cancer and WTC-unexposed pre-diagnostic breast cancer blood samples, and (2) to compare the DNA methylation differences among the WTC EHC breast cancer cases and WTC-exposed cancer-free controls. Gene pathway enrichment analyses were further conducted.

COPD in Smoking and Non-Smoking Community Members Exposed to the World Trade Center Dust and Fumes.

Background: The characteristics of community members exposed to World Trade Center (WTC) dust and fumes with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) can provide insight into mechanisms of airflow obstruction in response to an environmental insult, with potential implications for interventions. Methods: We performed a baseline assessment of respiratory symptoms, spirometry, small airway lung function measures using respiratory impulse oscillometry (IOS), and blood biomarkers. COPD was defined by the 2019 GOLD criteria for COPD.

Cognitive Function among World Trade Center-Exposed Community Members with Mental Health Symptoms.

The World Trade Center Environmental Health Center (WTC EHC), is a federally designated clinical center of excellence for surveillance and treatment of WTC disaster exposed community members (WTC Survivors). Cognitive impairment (CI) has been extensively described in WTC responders and a concern for progressive impairment in all WTC disaster exposed groups has been raised. Cognitive status, however, has not been systematically characterized in the WTC Survivor population.

Single-Cell Transcriptomes Combining with Consecutive Genomics Reveal Clonal Evolution and Gene Regulatory Networks in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

This study attempted to investigate how clonal structure evolves, along with potential regulatory networks, as a result of multiline therapies in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Eight whole exome sequencing (WES) and one single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) were performed in order to assess dynamic genomic changes in temporal consecutive samples of one RRMM patient from the time of diagnosis to death (about 37 months). The 63-year-old female patient who suffered from MM (P1) had disease progression (PD) nine times from July 2017 [newly diagnosed (ND)] to Aug 2020 (death), and the force to drive branching-pattern evolution of malignant PCs was found to be sustained.

Breast Cancer Characteristics in the Population of Survivors Participating in the World Trade Center Environmental Health Center Program 2002-2019.

The destruction of World Trade Center on 11 September 2001 exposed local community members to a complex mixture of known carcinogens and potentially carcinogenic substances. To date, breast cancer has not been characterized in detail in the WTC-exposed civilian populations. The cancer characteristics of breast cancer patients were derived from the newly developed Pan-Cancer Database at the WTC Environmental Health Center (WTC EHC).

Chai Hu oral liquid enhances the immune functions of both spleen and bursa of Fabricius in heat-stressed broilers through strengthening TLR4-TBK1 signaling pathway.

Heat stress can affect the poultry production and immune status of broilers. Heat stress disrupts intestinal integrity and increases intestinal inflammation, which is related with body immune dysfunction. Chai Hu oral liquid used as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug is widely used in exogenous fever of poultry, but its resistance to heat stress and the mechanism is still unclear.

Corticoreticulospinal tract neurophysiology in an arm and hand muscle in healthy and stroke subjects.

Key Points: The corticoreticulospinal tract (CReST) is a descending motor pathway that reorganizes after corticospinal tract (CST) injury in animals. In humans, the pattern of CReST innervation to upper limb muscles has not been carefully examined in healthy individuals or individuals with CST injury. In the present study, we assessed CReST projections to an arm and hand muscle on the same side of the body in healthy and chronic stoke subjects using transcranial magnetic stimulation.

External treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for radiation enteritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Radiation enteritis (RE) is a common complication that often occurs after radiotherapy for abdominal and pelvic malignancies. RE could influence patients' quality of life seriously and it is difficult to cure by conventional treatments. A lot of studies have revealed that the external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for RE is a safe and economical approach, but there is no relevant systematic review.

Lung Cancer Characteristics in the World Trade Center Environmental Health Center.

The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers on 11 September 2001 resulted in acute and chronic dust and fume exposures to community members, including local workers and residents, with well-described aerodigestive adverse health effects. This study aimed to characterize lung cancer in the WTC Environmental Health Center (WTC EHC) focusing on gender and smoking history. WTC EHC patients undergo an initial evaluation that includes WTC exposure information, demographics, and tobacco use.