[Effects of Exogenous Melatonin Treatment on the Growth and Antioxidant System of Rice Seedlings Under Antimony Stress].

To investigate the effect of exogenous application of melatonin (MT) on rice seedlings under antimony (Sb) stress, hydroponic experiments were carried out with rice seedlings (Huarun No.2). The fluorescent probe localization technology was used to locate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the root tips of rice seedlings, and the root viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, ROS (HO and O·) content, antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) activities, and antioxidant (GSH, GSSG, AsA, and DHA) contents in the roots of rice seedlings were analyzed.

[Effects of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on Arsenic Accumulation and Response to Stress in Roots of Rice Seedlings].

Arsenic (As) pollution has a toxic effect on crop growth, leading to reduced crop quality and yield. Therefore, it is urgent to explore safe and effective strategies to reduce its toxicity. In this experiment, hydroponics, fluorescent probe locating technology, differential centrifugation, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were used to research the effect of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) on the accumulation and stress resistance of rice seedlings.

[Effect of Chelating Agents and Organic Acids on Remediation of Cadmium and Arsenic Complex Contaminated Soil Using ].

In order to improve the phytoextraction efficiency of on farmland soil that had been contaminated by Cd and As, this study explored the effects of chelating agents and organic acids (EDTA, SAP, CA, and MA) on the extraction of Cd and As heavy metals using . The results showed that the four different chelating agents and organic acids had little effect on the biomass of the roots, stems, and leaves of . However, they had different effects on the concentrations and accumulation of Cd and As in various organs of .

[Isolation and Identification of the Plant Endophyte R-13 and Its Effect on Cadmium Accumulation in L].

The combination of endophytes and hyperaccumulator plants can significantly improve the efficiency of heavy metal phytoremediation in contaminated soil. A plant endophyte named R-13 was isolated from rice roots in a cadmium (Cd) contaminated paddy field. This strain exhibited a strong tolerance to Cd and could grow on a solid medium with a Cd concentration of 300 mg·kg.

[Mechanism of -allyl-L-cysteine Alleviating Cadmium Stress in Seedling Roots and Buds of Rice Seedlings].

Cd has toxic effects on rice seed germination and plant growth, which may eventually lead to decreased yield and excessive Cd content in rice grains. The potential mechanism of -allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), a natural sulfur compound derived from garlic extract, in alleviating Cd stress in young roots and buds of rice seedlings was studied by a seed germination experiment. "Zhong zao 35", one of the main rice varieties in Southern China, was selected as the test material.

[Effects of Different Exogenous Plant Hormones on the Antioxidant System and Cd Absorption and Accumulation of Rice Seedlings Under Cd Stress].

In order to explore the effects of the exogenous addition of plant hormones on the antioxidant system and Cd absorption and accumulation of rice seedlings under Cd stress, the transportation and accumulation of Cd was reduced in plants to alleviate the stress of Cd on the rice. With the rice seedlings of Zhongjiazao 17 as the research object, a hydroponic experiment was carried out with three Cd concentration treatments (0, 5, and 25 μmol·L), and four exogenous plant hormone treatments:no plant hormones, 100 μmol·L melatonin (MT), 0.2 μmol·L 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBL), and 0.

[Effects of Foliar Spraying of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic Acid on Cadmium Uptake, Transport, and Antioxidant System in Rice Seedlings].

Rice contaminated by Cd has aroused widespread public concern. It is of great importance to find effective ways to reduce Cd translocation from roots to shoots and alleviate Cd stress in rice to ensuring food quality and safety. In this study, 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) was sprayed onto the leaves of rice seedlings to evaluate the feasibility of DMSA reducing Cd translocation to rice shoots and alleviating Cd stress.

[Effects of Exogenous Spermidine on Seed Germination and As Uptake and Accumulation of Rice Under As Stress].

As pollution in farmland has a toxic effect on the growth of crops, which reduces their yield and quality. The effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on rice seed germination and seedling growth under As stress were studied. The results showed that exogenous Spd could promote the germination of rice seeds under As stress, improve the germination potential and germination rate of seeds, and promote the growth of seedling roots.

[Effects of Rice Straw Addition on Methanogenic Archaea and Bacteria in Two Paddy Soils].

Rice straw (RS) returning has an important effect on CH emission in rice paddy soil. In the present study, two paddy soil types from Jiangxi (JX) and Guangdong (GD), respectively, with different amounts of added RS were incubated through microcosmic anaerobic incubation experiments to investigate the responses of methanogenic archaea and bacteria communities after relatively long-term incubation. The different amounts of added RS affected methanogenic archaea community structures in the JX soil to some extent but did not affect the GD soil.

[Effects of exogenous melatonin on accumulation and chemical form of Cd in rice].

Effects of exogenous melatonin on accumulation and chemical form of Cd in rice seedlings were investigated. The results showed that Cd stress significantly decreased the biomass of shoots and roots, and the chlorophyll content in rice leaves. The addition of exogenous melatonin could remarkably increase the biomass of rice and significantly decreased Cd content in the shoots and roots.

[Alleviation Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Ni Toxicity in Rice Seedings].

The alleviation effect of exogenous melatonin (MT) on Ni toxicity in rice seedings was investigated. The results showed that low concentration of Ni stress (10, 50 μmol·L) had little effect on the growth of root of rice seedings, while higher concentration of Ni stress (100-1000 μmol·L) significantly inhibited the growth of rice root. Compared with the control treatment, the addition of 100 and 1000 μmol·L Ni would decrease the total length and surface area of root by 63.

[Effect of Boron-antimony Interaction on the Uptake and Accumulation of Antimony and Boron by Rice Seedling].

Effect of interactions between boron (B) and antimony on the uptake and accumulation by rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedling was investigated in solution culture. The results showed that Sb(III) and Sb(V) could inhibit rice growth and Sb(III) was more toxic than Sb(V).

[Rare earth elements content in farmland soils and crops of the surrounding copper mining and smelting plant in Jiangxi province and evaluation of its ecological risk].

Rare earth elements content in farmland soils and crops of the surrounding copper mining and smelting plant in Jiangxi province was studied. The results showed that copper mining and smelting could increase the content of rare earth elements in soils and crops. Rare earth elements content in farmland soils of the surrounding Yinshan Lead Zinc Copper Mine and Guixi Smelting Plant varied from 112.

[Effect of selenium on the uptake and translocation of manganese, iron, phosphorus and selenium in rice (Oryza sativa L.)].

A pot experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of selenium on the uptake and translocation of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) , phosphorus (P) and selenium (Se) in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). The results showed that addition of Se led to the significant increase of Se concentration in iron plaque on the root surface, root, shoot, husk and brown rice, and significant decrease of Mn concentration in shoot, husk and brown rice.

Interactive effects of different inorganic As and Se species on their uptake and translocation by rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings.

There is a lack of information on the interactive relationship of absorption and transformation between two inorganic arsenic (As) species and two inorganic selenium (Se) species in rice grown under hydroponic condition. Interactive effects of inorganic As (As(III)) and (As(V)) and Se (Se(IV)and Se(VI)) species on their uptake, accumulation, and translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were investigated in hydroponic culture.

The effects of biochars from rice residue on the formation of iron plaque and the accumulation of Cd, Zn, Pb, As in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings.

A historically multi-metal contaminated soil was amended with biochars produced from different parts of rice plants (straw, husk and bran) to investigate how biochar can influence the mobility of Cd, Zn, Pb and As in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.). Rice shoot concentrations of Cd, Zn and Pb decreased by up to 98%, 83% and 72%, respectively, due to biochar amendment, though that of As increased by up to 327%.

[Soil contamination and assessment of heavy metals of Xiangjiang River Basin].

The contents of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb) in soils from Xiangjiang River Basin, Hunan Province, China, were analyzed by toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and Nemrow method. Results showed that the total contents of As, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb were 4.25-549.

Characterization of PAHs contamination in soils from metropolitan region of Northern China.

The present study characterized the distribution, sources as well as carcinogenic potency of PAHs in surface soil from metropolitan region of northern China. The total PAHs in topsoil ranged from 322.6 to 23244.

[Adverse health effects of cadmium and related factors].

Cd is a very toxic chemical to animal and human beings. Cd contamination has been ubiquitous because of industry and the human activities. Cd not only affects adversely the growth, yield and quality of crops but also effects on the health of animal and human being.

Effects of ground-level ozone (O3) pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat in the Yangtze River Delta.

Effects of elevated O3 on the yields of rice and winter wheat were studied by using open-top chambers (OTCs). Results showed that compared to the control treatment, 200 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb treatments caused a 80.4%, 58.

Effects of lignin on nitrification in soil.

The effects of two lignins isolated from black liquor from pulping process on nitrification in soils after addition of urea, (NH4)2SO4 and (NH4)2HPO4 were investigated by incubation at 20 or 30 degrees C for 7 or 14 d. The effects of lignin on nitrous oxide emissions from soil were also determined. Results showed that both lignins were more effective for inhibiting nitrification of NH4(+)-N as (NH4)2SO4 or (NH4)2HPO4 as compared to urea-N.

Effects of acid deposition on terrestrial ecosystems and their rehabilitation strategies in China.

South China has become the third largest region associated with acid deposition following Europe and North America, the area subject to damage by acid deposition increased from 1.75 million km2 in 1985 to 2.8 million km2 in 1993.