Quercetin Alleviates Cardiac Fibrosis via Regulating the SIRT3 Signaling Pathway.

Purpose: Cardiovascular diseases, exacerbated by cardiac fibrosis, are the leading causes of mortality. We aimed to determine the role of quercetin (QU) in cardiac fibrosis and the underlying mechanism.

Methods: In this study, 8-week-old mice were subjected to either transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham surgery, then they were administered QU or saline.

Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the dose-response relationship with three major antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: The efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preventing severe COVID-19 illness and death is uncertain due to the rarity of data in individual trials. How well the antibody concentrations can predict the efficacy is also uncertain. We aimed to assess the efficacy of these vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections of different severities and the dose-response relationship between the antibody concentrations and efficacy.

Regular Glucosamine Use May Have Different Roles in the Risk of Site-Specific Cancers: Findings from a Large Prospective Cohort.

Background: Previous studies indicated that glucosamine supplements may have a general anticancer effect. This study aimed to assess whether the potential effect differs across different types of cancers in a large prospective cohort study.

Methods: All participants from the UK Biobank who were free of cancers and had complete information on glucosamine use at baseline were included and followed up from 2006 until 2021.

Relationship Between Serum Concentration of Adrenomedullin and Myocardial Ischemic T Wave Changes in Patients With Lung Cancer.

Background: Patients with lung cancer are at increased risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Molecular markers for early diagnosis of cardiac ischemia are of great significance for the early prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with lung cancer. By evaluating the relationship between adrenomedullin (ADM) and myocardial ischemic T wave changes, the clinical value of circulating ADM as a predictor of myocardial ischemia in patients with lung cancer is confirmed.

Quantity and variety of fruit and vegetable intake in midlife and cognitive impairment in late life: a prospective cohort study.

There is limited evidence on fruit and vegetable intake in relation to cognitive function. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable intake in midlife with cognitive impairment in late life. We used data from 16 737 participants of the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based cohort study.

Dietary total antioxidant capacity and mortality outcomes: the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the relations of dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) with mortality outcomes in a Chinese population.

Methods: The study included 62,063 participants from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. The participants were 45-74 years at baseline (1993-1998) when dietary data were collected with a validated 165-item food frequency questionnaire.

Dietary Intake and Circulating Concentrations of Carotenoids and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies.

Previous meta-analysis studies have indicated inverse associations between some carotenoids and risks of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality. However, the results for associations between carotenoids and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain inconsistent and no systematic assessment has been done on this topic. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the associations of dietary intakes and circulating concentrations of carotenoids with risk of T2D.

Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Late-Life Cognitive Impairment: The Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Background: With the dramatically rapid rate of aging worldwide, the maintenance of cognitive function in old age is a major public health priority. The association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of midlife diet and cognitive function in late life is still unclear.

Method: The study included 16 703 participants from a prospective cohort study in Singapore.

Association of Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages or Artificially Sweetened Beverages with Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) intakes have been reported to be associated with mortality; however, conclusions have been inconsistent. This review synthesized the evidence on the associations of SSB and ASB intakes with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer among all populations (including general, diseased, or occupational populations, etc.).

Consumption of dietary nuts in midlife and risk of cognitive impairment in late-life: the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Background: evidence from prospective studies investigating the association between consumption of nuts in midlife and risk of cognitive impairment in late life is limited.

Methods: this study analysed data from 16,737 participants in a population-based cohort, the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Intake of nuts was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline (1993-1998), when participants were 45-74 years old (mean age = 53.

Association of sugar-sweetened beverage and artificially sweetened beverage intakes with mortality: an analysis of US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Purpose: Current evidence on the associations between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intakes and mortality is inconsistent, whereas the evidence on artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) was sparse. We aimed to investigate the associations of SSB and ASB intakes with mortality in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Methods: Participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2014; n = 31,402) were linked to the US mortality registry by the end of 2015.

Midlife Dietary Intakes of Monounsaturated Acids, n-6 Polyunsaturated Acids, and Plant-Based Fat Are Inversely Associated with Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Older Singapore Chinese Adults.

Background: Previous studies have shown inconsistent results for the relation between dietary fat intake and cognitive function in the elderly. Furthermore, prospective studies on this topic among the Chinese population are scarce.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the association between midlife dietary fat intake and risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly.

Meat consumption in midlife and risk of cognitive impairment in old age: the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Purpose: Epidemiological studies directly investigating the association between different types of meat intake and cognitive impairment are limited. We, therefore, examined this association in the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Methods: In total, 16,948 participants were included in analysis.

Association Between Dietary Intakes of B Vitamins in Midlife and Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life: The Singapore Chinese Health Study.

Background: Dietary intakes of B vitamins (eg, folate) are related to cognitive function according to epidemiological studies in western countries. But prospective studies in Asian populations are scarce. This study evaluated the relationships of dietary intakes of six B vitamins in midlife with cognitive impairment in old age in a Chinese population living in Singapore.

2D Single Crystal WSe and MoSe Nanomeshes with Quantifiable High Exposure of Layer Edges from 3D Mesoporous Silica Template.

The design and fabrication of layered transition metal chalcogenides with high exposure of crystal layer edges is one of the key paths to achieve distinctive performances in their catalysis and electrochemistry applications. Two-dimensional WSe and MoSe nanomeshes with orderly arranged nanoholes were synthesized by using a mesoporous silica material KIT-6 with three-dimensional mesoporous structure as a hard template via a nanocasting strategy. Each piece of the nanomesh is a single crystal, and its c axis is always perpendicular to the nanomesh plane.

Chrysin inhibit human melanoma A375.S2 cell migration and invasion via affecting MAPK signaling and NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro.

Numerous evidences have shown that chrysin induced cytotoxic effects via induced cell cycle arrest and induction of cell apoptosis in human cancer cell lines, however, no information showed that chrysin inhibited skin cancer cell migration and invasion. In this study, we investigated anti-metastasis mechanisms of chrysin in human melanoma cancer A375.S2 cells in vitro.

Tetrandrine inhibits human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro.

Tetrandrine (TET) has been reported to induce anti-cancer activity in many human cancer cells and also to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion. However, there are no reports to show TET inhibits cell migration and invasion in human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastasis effects of TET on GBM 8401 cells in vitro.

Benzyl Isothiocyanate Induces Apoptotic Cell Death Through Mitochondria-dependent Pathway in Gefitinib-resistant NCI-H460 Human Lung Cancer Cells .

Background/aim: Gefitinib is used to treat patients with lung cancer, but in some patients, the disease becomes gefitinib-resistant. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), found in cruciferous vegetables, has shown anticancer activity in many human cancer cell lines. However, the effects of BITC on gefitinib-resistant NCI-H460 lung cancer cells in vitro have not been investigated.

F Nucleophilic-Addition-Induced [3 + 2] Annulation: Direct Access to CF-Substituted Indenes.

An efficient [3 + 2] annulation of (2,2-difluorovinyl)-2-iodoarenes and internal alkynes was developed for the synthesis of 1-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indenes. The success of this strategy hinges upon a well-balanced process for the generation of two transient reactive species, specifically trifluoroethylsilver and alkenylpalladium intermediates, in the same molecule, as well as a smooth transmetalation step, which delicately joins together these two different metallic intermediates.

Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Induces Apoptotic Cell Death Through the Mitochondria-dependent Pathway in Gefitinib-resistant NCI-H460 Human Lung Cancer Cells .

Background/aim: Some lung cancer patients treated with gefitinib develop resistance to this drug resulting in unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), present in our common cruciferous vegetables, exhibits anticancer activities in many human cancer cell lines. Currently, there is no available information on the possible modification of gefitinib resistance of lung cancer in vitro by PEITC.

Cambogin suppresses dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis by enhancing Treg cell stability and function.

Background And Purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, and an impaired immune response plays a critical role in IBD. The current drugs and therapies for IBD treatment are of limited use, therefore, there is a need to find novel drugs or therapies for this disease. We investigated the effect of cambogin in a mouse model of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and whether cambogin attenuates inflammation via a Treg-cell-mediated effect on the immune response.

[The prevalence and risk factors of occupational asthma in workers exposed to isocyanate].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of occupational asthma, airway inflammation and analyze the risk factors for workers exposed to isocyanates.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was applied. Totally 429 isocyanates exposed workers were surveyed and the prevalence of occupational asthma and airway inflammation situation were examined by questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests.