Diminazen Aceturate Protects Pulmonary Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibition of ADAM17-Mediated Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Shedding.

Lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is induced by pulmonary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Lung IR injury commonly happens after weaning from extracorporeal circulation, lung transplantation, and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy; it is a lethal perioperative complication. A definite therapeutic intervention remains to be determined.

How Do Innate Immune Cells Contribute to Airway Remodeling in COPD Progression?

Recently, the therapeutic potential of immune-modulation during the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been attracting increasing interest. However, chronic inflammatory response has been over-simplified in descriptions of the mechanism of COPD progression. As a form of first-line airway defense, epithelial cells exhibit phenotypic alteration, and participate in epithelial layer disorganization, mucus hypersecretion, and extracellular matrix deposition.

Inhibition of α5 GABAA receptors has preventive but not therapeutic effects on isoflurane-induced memory impairment in aged rats.

The α5 subunit-containing gamma-amino butyric acid type A receptors (α5 GABAARs) are a distinct subpopulation that are specifically distributed in the mammalian hippocampus and also mediate tonic inhibitory currents in hippocampal neurons. These tonic currents can be enhanced by low-dose isoflurane, which is associated with learning and memory impairment. Inverse agonists of α5 GABAARs, such as L-655,708, are able to reverse the short-term memory deficit caused by low-dose isoflurane in young animals.

Effects of propofol, dexmedetomidine, and midazolam on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients: a randomized controlled preliminary trial.

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a serious complication after surgery, especially in elderly patients. The anesthesia technique is a potentially modifiable risk factor for POCD. This study assessed the effects of dexmedetomidine, propofol or midazolam sedation on POCD in elderly patients who underwent hip or knee replacement under spinal anesthesia.

field recordings effectively monitor the mouse cortex and hippocampus under isoflurane anesthesia.

Isoflurane is a widely used inhaled anesthetic in the clinical setting. However, the mechanism underlying its effect on consciousness is under discussion. Therefore, we investigated the effect of isoflurane on the hippocampus and cortex using an field recording approach.

[Comparison of the Effectiveness of Different Supraglottic Ventilation Methods during Bronchial Thermoplasty].

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of high-frequency jet ventilation via Wei jet nasal airway and controlled ventilation with improved laryngeal mask airway during bronchial thermoplasty.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients undergoing bronchial thermoplasty were equally divided into two groups: group A (high-frequency jet ventilation through Wei jet nasal airway) and group B (controlled ventilation with improved laryngeal mask airway). Pulse oxygenation,heart rate,and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded after entering the operating room (T0), 1 minute after administration/induction (T1), bronchoscope inserting (T2), 15 minutes (T3)/30 minutes (T4)/45 minutes (T5) after ventilation,at the end of the operation (T6), and at the recovery of patients' consciousness (T7).

Effect of admission time on mortality in an intensive care unit in Mainland China: a propensity score matching analysis.

Introduction: The relationship between admission time and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality is inconclusive and influenced by various factors. This study aims to estimate the effect of admission time on ICU outcomes in a tertiary teaching hospital in China by propensity score matching (PSM) and stratified analysis.

Methods: A total of 2,891 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study from 1 January 2009 to 29 December 2011.

[Study on clinical efficacy of combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in treatment of pit viper bites and peripheral blood inflammatory factors].

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the treatment of patient bitten by agkistrodon halys pallas, and the changes in peripheral blood inflammatory factors (hs-PCR, IL-6, TNF-alpha).

Method: Ninty-eight patients were divided into three groups according to their hospitalization dates: the western medicine group, in which 32 patients were treated with antivenom serum (6 000 U) for five days, once every day; the traditional Chinese medicine group, in which 32 patients were treated with anti pit viper No. 2 concentrated decoction (300 mL), twice to three times every day, for five days; and the combined traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine group, in which 35 patients were treated with the combination of Chinese and Western medicine treatment described above.

[Efficacy of intravenous scopolamine for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after cesarean section].

Objective: To observe the efficacy of intravenous scopolamine in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after cesarean section (CS).

Methods: A total of 260 pregnant women with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification class I-II who underwent elective CS under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 65): at the end of surgery, 0.3 mg/5 ml scopolamine (scopolamine group), 4 mg/5 ml ondansetron (ondansetron group), 0.

[Effects of melatonin on the voltage-gated delayed rectifier potassium channels of cultured hippocampal neurons of new-born rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of melatonin on voltage-gated delayed rectifier potassium channels.

Methods: Hippocampus neurons were obtained from newborn Wistar rat and cultured. Primary cultured for 7 to 12 days of new-born Wistar rat were selected as objectives.

Postoperative neuropsychological change and its underlying mechanism in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background: The high incidence of neuropsychologic deficits after cardiac surgery, including cognitive dysfunction and mood status, has significantly influenced the prognosis, outcome of treatment and long-term quality of life of patients. With a circadian secretion pattern, melatonin and cortisol are capable of modulating the human physiological processes and neuropsychological status, whereas disorder of their secretion pattern may lead to many diseases. However, it is unclear whether neuroendocrine variations are related to the neuropsychologic status in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

[Perioperative cortisol circadian secretion and neuropsychological states in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the circadian rhythm of perioperative cortisol secretion and neuropsychological states in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

Methods: Forty male patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under hypothermic cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) or off-pump were enrolled in this study. They were allocated into CPB group or off-pump group with 20 patients in each group.

[Perioperative melatonin circadian secretion in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery].

Objective: To investigate the circadian rhythm of perioperative melatonin secretion in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

Methods: Forty male patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or off-pump were allocated into two groups of 20 patients: CPB group and off-pump group. Blood samples were withdrawn from all patients immediately before the induction of anesthesia (baseline), 10 min after the induction of anesthesia, 10 min after heparinization, 30 min after commencement of CPB (or 2h after skin incision), before reversal of heparin with protamine, at the end of surgery, and.