Formation and Reduction of Toxic Compounds Derived from the Maillard Reaction During the Thermal Processing of Different Food Matrices.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), acrylamide (AA), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic substances that are produced in certain foods during thermal processing by using common high-temperature unit operations such as frying, baking, roasting, grill cooking, extrusion, among others. Understanding the formation pathways of these potential risk factors, which can cause cancer or contribute to the development of many chronic diseases in humans, is crucial for reducing their occurrence in thermally processed foods. During thermal processing, food rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids undergoes a crucial Maillard reaction, leading to the production of highly active carbonyl compounds.

Plasma Deoxycholic Acid Levels are Associated with Hemodynamic and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Pulmonary Embolism Patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of plasma deoxycholic acid (DCA) levels with clinical and hemodynamic parameters in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) patients. Total 149 APE adult patients were prospectively recruited. Plasma DCA levels were measured using rapid resolution liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Comparison of logistic regression and machine learning methods for predicting postoperative delirium in elderly patients: A retrospective study.

Aims: To compare the performance of logistic regression and machine learning methods in predicting postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients.

Method: This was a retrospective study of perioperative medical data from patients undergoing non-cardiac and non-neurology surgery over 65 years old from January 2014 to August 2019. Forty-six perioperative variables were used to predict POD.

The mediating role of personal values between COVID-19-related posttraumatic growth and life satisfaction among Chinese college students: A two-wave longitudinal study.

Despite considerable disruption of social order caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it has also been said to contribute to positive psychological changes and influence on the perception of public life satisfaction. The present study aimed to explore the association between the COVID-19 related posttraumatic growth and life satisfaction and the mediating role of personal values. A two-wave longitudinal design was used.

Septic pulmonary embolism in China: clinical features and analysis of prognostic factors for mortality in 98 cases.

Background: To investigate the clinical features of septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) cases and prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality in China.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of SPE patients hospitalized between January 2007 and June 2018 in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.

Results: A total of 98 patients with SPE were identified.

Experimental study of inhibitory effects of diallyl trisulfide on the growth of human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells by downregulating expression of glucose-regulated protein 78.

Background: Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a natural organic sulfur compound isolated from garlic that has good anticancer activity according to many previous reports. There are many studies pointing out that DATS can downregulate expression of the glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), which is associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance in various types of human cancers. However, it remains unknown whether DATS has the same effect on human osteosarcoma cells.

The rapid evolution of in ventilator-associated pneumonia patients leads to attenuated virulence.

is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe airway infections in humans. These infections are usually difficult to treat and associated with high mortality rates. While colonizing the human airways, could accumulate genetic mutations that often lead to its better adaptability to the host environment.

activity of chlorogenic acid against biofilm and gliotoxin production.

(.) , one of the most common causes of life-threatening fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, shows resistance to antifungal agents as has a high propensity to forming a biofilm. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of chlorogenic acid (CRA) on biofilm formation and integrity.

Lack of efficacy of nebulized magnesium sulfate in treating adult asthma: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Nebulized magnesium sulfate (MgSO) has been used to treat asthma, but the efficacy remains controversial. We aimed to comprehensively review the efficacy of nebulized MgSO in treating adult patients with asthma.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies published up to July 18, 2016.

Prognostic Value of Pleural Lavage Cytology in Patients with Lung Cancer Resection: An Updated Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Pleural lavage cytology (PLC) is considered as a possible tool for assessing prognosis of lung cancer patients. We aimed to comprehensively review the prognosis value of PLC in patients undergoing surgical resection.

Methods: We searched 4 electronic databases for relevant studies comparing positive PLC and negative PLC.

Baicalein attenuates the quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and relieves the inflammatory response in P. aeruginosa-infected macrophages by downregulating the MAPK and NFκB signal-transduction pathways.

Burgeoning antibiotic resistance and unfavorable outcomes of inflammatory injury after Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection have necessitated the development of novel agents that not only target quorum sensing (QS) but also combat inflammatory injury with the least risk of resistance. This study aimed to assess the anti-QS and anti-inflammatory activities of baicalein, a traditional herbal medicine that is widely used in the People's Republic of China, against P. aeruginosa infection.

The effect of pleural abrasion on the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Pleural abrasion has been widely used to control the recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). However, controversy still exists regarding the advantages and disadvantages of pleural abrasion compared with other interventions in preventing the recurrence of PSP.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched up to December 15, 2014 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effects of pleural abrasion with those of other interventions in the treatment of PSP.

Combined detections of interleukin 27, interferon-γ, and adenosine deaminase in pleural effusion for diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.

Background: Previous studies reported interleukin-27 (IL-27), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), or adenosine deaminase (ADA) alone plays a helpful role in diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE). The present study aims at comparing the diagnostic accuracy of pleural IL-27, IFN-γ, and ADA, and investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the combination of IL-27, IFN-γ, or/and ADA for differentiating TPE from pleural effusions with the other etiologies.

Methods: The concentrations of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA were simultaneously determined in pleural fluids and sera from 40 patients with TPE; 26 with malignant pleural effusion, seven with infectious pleural effusion, and eight with transudative pleural effusion by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric method.

Diagnosis of invasive fungal disease using serum (1→3)-β-D-glucan: a bivariate meta-analysis.

Background: The (1→3)-β-D-Glucan (BG) assay has been approved for diagnosing invasive fungal disease (IFD). However, the test performance has been variable. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the overall accuracy of BG assay for diagnosing IFD.

Diagnostic accuracy of T-cell interferon-γ release assays in tuberculous pleurisy: a meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: The diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy by analysis of pleural fluid using standard diagnostic tools is difficult. Recently, T-cell interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) have been introduced for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to establish the overall diagnostic accuracy of IGRA on both pleural fluid and peripheral blood, for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy.

Accuracy of BAL galactomannan in diagnosing invasive aspergillosis: a bivariate metaanalysis and systematic review.

Background: A serum galactomannan (GM) assay has been approved for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis (IA). However, the role of the BAL-GM assay has not been well established. Therefore, we conducted a metaanalysis to determine the overall accuracy of BAL-GM in the diagnosis of IA.

[Infiltration of CD(4)(+)CD(25)(+) T cells into the allergic asthmatic airways caused by house dust mite antigen administration.].

Objective: To investigate whether house dust mite (HDM) could induce CD(4)(+) CD(25)(+) T cells infiltration into asthmatic airways in patients vivo.

Methods: Ten subjects with asthma underwent initial bronchoscopy during which normal saline and HDM were administered to two sublobar segments separately. The second bronchoscopy were carried out and bronchoal lavage fluid from HDM-challenged sites and saline-challenged sites were separately taken 24 h later.

Expression of soluble triggering receptor expression on myeloid cells-1 in pleural effusion.

Background: Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) proteins are a family of cell surface receptors expressed broadly by cells of the myeloid lineage. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) in pleural effusions, and to determine the effects of pneumonia on pleural sTREM-1 concentrations.

Methods: Pleural fluid was collected from 109 patients who presented to the respiratory institute (35 with malignant pleural effusion, 31 with tuberculous pleural effusion, 21 with bacterial pleural effusion, and 22 with transudate).

[CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood from patients with asthma].

Objective: To explore whether regulatory CD(4)(+)CD(25)(+) cells exist in patients with atopic asthma.

Methods: The numbers of peripheral blood CD(4)(+)CD(25)(+) cells in peripheral blood of atopic asthmatics and healthy nonatopic subjects were determined using flow cytometry. CD(4)(+)CD(25)(+) and CD(4)(+)CD(25)(-) cells from atopic asthmatics and normal donors were isolated, and were cultured to observe the effects of CD(4)(+)CD(25)(+) cells on proliferation response as well as Th1/Th2 cytokine production of CD(4)(+)CD(25)(-) cells in vitro.

[Determination and significance of interleukin-16 in tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion].

Objective: Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a chemoattractant of CD4+ lymphocytes, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to measure IL-16 in pleural effusions caused by tuberculosis and malignancy and its relationship with cell and differential counts as well as lymphocyte subsets.

Methods: Pleural effusion and venous blood samples were collected from 32 patients with tuberculous pleuritis and 30 lung cancer patients with malignant effusion.

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T lymphocytes in malignant pleural effusion.

Background: Active suppression by CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T lymphocytes plays an important role in the downregulation of T-cell responses to foreign and self-antigens.

Objective: To analyze whether the CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T lymphocytes exist and function normally in malignant pleural effusion.

Methods: The percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+) T lymphocytes in pleural effusion and peripheral blood from patients with lung cancer with malignant effusion, pleural lavage and peripheral blood from patients with lung cancer without effusion, and peripheral blood from healthy control subjects were determined by flow cytometry.

Effects of antigen presentation of eosinophils on lung Th1/Th2 imbalance.

Background: Antigen-loaded eosinophils (EOSs) instilled intratracheally into mice were capable of inducing Th2-type cytokine production in the draining lymph nodes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether EOSs within the tracheobronchial lumen can stimulate Th2 cell expansion in the lung tissues.

Methods: Airway EOSs were recovered from ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged BALB/c mice, these EOSs were then cocultured with CD4+ cells isolated from sensitized mice in the absence or presence of anti-CD80 or/and -CD86 monoclonal antibodies.

[Endobronchial eosinophils preferentially stimulate T helper cell type 2 responses].

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether eosinophils within the tracheobronchial lumen can stimulate Th2 cell expansion by presenting antigen both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: Airway eosinophils were recovered from ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged BALB/c mice, these eosinophils were then cocultured with sensitized CD4(+) cells in the absence or presence of anti-CD80 or/and -CD86 monoclonal antibodies. Airway eosinophils were instilled into the trachea of sensitized mice, At 3 d thereafter, the draining paratracheal lymph nodes were removed and teased into cell suspensions for culture.