Age affects the association of red blood cell indices with efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning in patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke.

We conducted a post hoc analysis of Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke (RICAMIS) to investigate whether red blood cell (RBC) indices are associated with efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), and whether the association is affected by age. In this post hoc analysis, patients with RBC indices at admission were enrolled. RBC indices including RBC count, hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (HB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were analyzed.

Baseline systolic blood pressure, hypertension history, and efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning.

Objective: We performed a post hoc exploratory analysis of Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke (RICAMIS) to determine whether hypertension history and baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) affect the efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC).

Methods: Based on the full analysis set of RICAMIS, patients were divided into hypertension versus non-hypertension group, or <140 mmHg versus ≥140 mmHg group. Each group was further subdivided into RIC and control subgroups.

Dyslipidemia and Efficacy of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke: A Post Hoc Analysis of the RICAMIS Study.

Background: Ischemic conditioning-induced cardioprotection was attenuated by dyslipidemia in some animal and clinical studies, which is not investigated in patients with stroke. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the RICAMIS (Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke) trial to investigate the association of dyslipidemia on admission with the efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC).

Methods And Results: In this analysis, eligible patients were divided into dyslipidemia and normal-lipid groups according to the levels of 4 blood lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), which were further subdivided into RIC and control subgroups.

Diabetes, fasting blood glucose and the efficacy of remote ischaemic conditioning: A secondary analysis of the RICAMIS trial.

Aim: To investigate whether diabetes and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels affect the efficacy of remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) using the database included in the Remote Ischaemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischaemic Stroke (RICAMIS) trial.

Methods: A total of 1707 patients were enrolled in this post hoc study, including 535 patients with diabetes and 1172 without diabetes. Each group was further divided into RIC and control subgroups.

Efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning does not differ between men and women: A secondary analysis of the RICAMIS study.

Background And Purpose: The present study aimed to determine sex difference in clinical outcomes after Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke (RICAMIS).

Methods: In this secondary analysis of the RICAMIS study, eligible patients aged 18 years or older with acute moderate ischemic stroke who received remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) within 48 h of stroke onset were divided into two groups: men and women. The primary endpoint was an excellent functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-1 at 90 days.

Proteomic Characterization of PAMs with PRRSV-ADE Infection.

The antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect of a PRRSV infection is that the preexisting sub- or non-neutralizing antibodies specific against PRRSV can facilitate the virus entry and replication, and it is likely to be a great obstacle for the selection of immune strategies and the development of high-efficiency PRRSV vaccines. However, the proteomic characterization of primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) with a PRRSV-ADE infection has not yet been investigated so far. Therefore, we performed a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis of PAMs with a PRRSV-ADE infection in this study.

Ischemic Preconditioning Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Interfering With Glycocalyx.

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) could protect the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. This preclinical study aimed to investigate whether glycocalyx could be involved in the neuroprotective effect of IPC on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and the possible mechanism in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model. Neurological deficit scores, infarct volume, and brain edema were measured to assess the neuroprotection of IPC.

Lactic acid promotes metastatic niche formation in bone metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Background: To investigate the effect of lactic acid (LA) on the progression of bone metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) and its regulatory effects on primary CD115 (+) osteoclast (OC) precursors.

Methods: The BrdU assay, Annexin-V/PI assay, TRAP staining and immunofluorescence were performed to explore the effect of LA on the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of OC precursors in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry was performed to sort primary osteoclast precursors and CD4(+) T cells and to analyze the change in the expression of target proteins in osteoclast precursors.

Salvianolic Acids for Injection alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by switching M1/M2 phenotypes and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis axis in microglia in vivo and in vitro.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: After cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes of microglia are involved in neuroinflammation, in which activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent pyroptosis play essential roles. Salvianolic Acids for Injection (SAFI) is Chinese medicine injection which composed of multiple phenolic acids extracted from Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, and has been reported to generate neuroprotective effects after cerebral ischemic insult in clinical and animal studies.

Aim Of The Study: The present study was designed to investigate whether SAFI exerts neuroprotective effects by switching microglial phenotype and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis axis in microglia.

Reduction in healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a healthcare crisis in China and continues to wreak havoc across the world. This paper evaluated COVID-19's impact on national and regional healthcare service utilisation and expenditure in China.

Methods: Using a big data approach, we collected data from 300 million bank card transactions to measure individual healthcare expenditure and utilisation in mainland China.

Kv1.3 channel blockade alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reshaping M1/M2 phenotypes and compromising the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia.

After cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, pro-inflammatory M1-like and anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotypes of microglia are involved in neuroinflammation, in which NLRP3 inflammasome plays an essential role. Kv1.3 channel has been recognized as neuro-immunomodulatory target, but it is not clear as to its role in the neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemic injury.

Concomitant memantine and treatment attenuates cognitive impairments in APP/PS1 mice.

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbial metabolite that promotes Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Given that probiotics can alleviate AD symptoms by inhibiting the synthesis of TMAO, here we investigated the correlation between TMAO and cognitive deterioration by measuring TMAO levels in the plasma of choline-treated APP/PS1 mice (an AD mouse model) with and without probiotic treatments. We found that declines in in the gut were associated with cognitive impairment.

MicroRNAs derived from urinary exosomes act as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

We aimed to investigate the value of cholestasis-related miRNAs in the diagnosis of intra-hepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of these miRNAs in the pathogenesis of ICP. In this study, electron microscopy was utilized to observe the exosomes present in the urine samples collected from both ICP patients and healthy pregnant women. Real-time PCR and area under curve (AUC) analysis were performed to predict the values of several miRNAs in the diagnosis of ICP.

Downregulation of miR‑16 protects H9c2(2‑1) cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation damage by targeting CIAPIN1 and regulating the NF‑κB pathway.

The aim of the present study was to determine the function of microRNA‑16 (miR‑16) in myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‑induced cardiomyocyte injury and the possible mechanism underlying its involvement. An H/R model was constructed using H9c2(2‑1) cells in vitro. The results of reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR demonstrated that the expression levels of miR‑16 were significantly upregulated in H9c2(2‑1) cells in the H/R group compared with the sham group (1.

One-pot synthesis of thermosensitive glycopolymers grafted gold nanoparticles and their lectin recognition.

Thermosensitive glucose-functionalized glycopolymers grafted gold nanoparticles (Glyco@GNPs) with good colloidal stability and thermosensitive in aqueous solution were fabricated by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated one-pot synthesis. The formation of core-shell morphology with about a 60 nm gold core in diameter and a glycopolymer shell of about 80 nm in thickness was indicated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The recognition ability of the Glyco@GNPs toward lectin concannavalin A (Con A) was verified by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS).

Galactose-Functionalized Double-Hydrophilic Block Glycopolymers and Their Thermoresponsive Self-Assembly Dynamics.

Glycopolymers with large galactose units are attractive in biological processes because of their ability to selectively recognize lectin proteins. Recently, thermoresponsive double-hydrophilic block glycopolymers (TDHBGs) have been designed, which allow sugar residues to expose or hide via the lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase transition. In this work, we first synthesize a new type of TDHBGs, composed of a thermoresponsive poly(di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) block and a galactose-functionalized, poly(6- O-vinyladipoyl-d-galactose) (POVNG) block.

Protective effects of apigenin on LPS-induced endometritis via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Endometritis is a puzzling disease that often associates with severe pelvic pain. In this study, we aimed to detect whether apigenin had protective effect against LPS-induced endometritis, if so, the underlying mechanism was further investigated. Apigenin was administrated 1 h before LPS treatment.

Astragalosides promote angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in a rat model of myocardial infarction.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of astragalosides (ASTs) on angiogenesis, as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) following myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced in rats by ligation of the left coronary artery. Twenty‑four hours after surgery, the rats were divided into low‑dose, high‑dose, control and sham surgery groups (n=8 per group).

S100B and ADMA in cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive dysfunction.

Background: Glial cell activation and endothelial dysfunction are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). The purpose of the present study was to determine if levels of S100B, a protein highly expressed in glial cells, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which promotes endothelial dysfunction, are elevated in the serum of patients with SVD and correlate with their cognitive functioning.

Methods: The serum levels of S100B and ADMA were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 210 patients with SVD and 207 controls.

Physical activity is associated with elevated arterial stiffness in patients with lumbar disk herniation.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study in a general health examination.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and lumbar disk herniation (LDH).

Summary Of Background Data: Lumbar disk herniation (LDH) is a major cause of low back pain and sciatica.

Protein kinase C delta mediated cytotoxicity of 6-Hydroxydopamine via sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation in PC12 cells.

Objectives: The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasing as the global population ages. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) can induce PD-like neuropathology and biochemical changes in both in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, clarification of the molecular mechanism of 6-OHDA-induced cell death might contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of PD.

The Raf-1 inhibitor GW5074 and the ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor U0126 ameliorate PC12 cells apoptosis induced by 6-hydroxydopamine.

6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a widely used dopaminergic neurotoxin that leads to cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, and is a widely accepted experimental model of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for 6-OHDA-induced cell apoptosis are unclear. We found that the treatment of PC12 cells with 6-OHDA resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability and elevated apoptosis as detected by MTT assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, and flow cytometry.

[Study of the correlation about IGF-I receptor and β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease].

Objective: To detect the expression of IGF-I receptor in the hippocampus neuron of rat treated by Aβ(1-42), and thus from the receptor level explore the disorder of central nervous insulin signaling and the possible molecular mechanism of Alzheimer disease.

Methods: Cultured primary hippocampus neurons were treated with different concentrations of Aβ(1-42), apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect IGF-I receptor expression.

Results: Primary cultured cells mature in 7(th) days; after detected by flow cytometry, early apoptosis rate in Aβ(1-42) 0, 30, 60, 100 µmol/L groups showed a concentration-dependent increase.

Prostaglandin E2 receptor 1 activity regulates cell survival following hypoxia in cultured rat cortical neurons.

The clinical side-effects of increased cyclooxygenase (COX) activity induced by pathologic conditions have raised concerns recently. However, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the subsequent neurotoxicity requires knowledge of pathways downstream of COX, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its receptors. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effects of PGE2 receptor 1 (EP1) activity on neuronal cell death resulting from hypoxia/reoxygenation (Hyp).