Biosynthetic pathway of prescription bergenin from and .

Bergenin is a typical carbon glycoside and the primary active ingredient in antitussive drugs widely prescribed for central cough inhibition in China. The bergenin extraction industry relies on the medicinal plant species and as their resources. However, the bergenin biosynthetic pathway in plants remains elusive.

Reconstruction of engineered yeast factory for high yield production of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rd.

is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese herbs. The main active ingredients, dammarane-type ginsenosides, show multiple pharmacological activities. Recently, the key UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) involved in the biosynthesis of common ginsenosides have been widely studied.

Effects of low-dose B vitamins plus betaine supplementation on lowering homocysteine concentrations among Chinese adults with hyperhomocysteinemia: a randomized, double-blind, controlled preliminary clinical trial.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that daily supplementation with low-dose B vitamins plus betaine could significantly reduce plasma homocysteine concentrations in Chinese adults with hyperhomocysteinemia and free from background mandatory folic acid fortification.

Methods: One hundred apparently healthy adults aged 18-65 years with hyperhomocysteinemia were recruited in South China from July 2019 to June 2021. They were randomly assigned to either the supplement group (daily supplementation: 400 μg folic acid, 8 mg vitamin B, 6.

Slit3 secreted from M2-like macrophages increases sympathetic activity and thermogenesis in adipose tissue.

Beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) is associated with an increase of anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages in WAT. However, mechanisms through which M2-like macrophages affect beiging are incompletely understood. Here, we show that the macrophage cytokine Slit3 is secreted by adipose tissue macrophages and promotes cold adaptation by stimulating sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis in mice.

SCD1 promotes lipid mobilization in subcutaneous white adipose tissue.

Beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) has beneficial effects on metabolism. Although it is known that beige adipocytes are active in lipid catabolism and thermogenesis, how they are regulated deserves more explorations. In this study, we demonstrate that stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) responded to cold stimulation and was able to promote mobilization of triacylglycerol [TAG (triglyceride)].

Elevated levels of IL-17A and IL-35 in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are associated with checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Advances in the immunology have identified that interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-35 are cytokines with diverse functions, serving important roles in autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is focal or diffuse lung inflammation induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors and the underlying pathogenesis has not been fully explored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of IL-17A and IL-35, and the correlation between their levels and different T cell subsets in CIP.

Association of genetic and immuno-characteristics with clinical outcomes in patients with RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective multicenter study.

Background: Rearranged during transfection (RET) has been proven to be a tumorigenic target in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). In RET-rearranged NSCLCs, molecular features and their impact on prognosis were not well illustrated, and the activity of mainstay therapeutics has not currently been well compared.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with NSCLCs with RET rearrangements were analyzed for concomitant mutations, tumor mutation burden (TMB), PD-L1 expression, T cell receptor repertoire and clinical outcomes with chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and multikinase inhibitors (MKIs).

Stimulation of histamine H4 receptor participates in cold-induced browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue.

Although many studies have shown that histamine and its signaling regulate energy homeostasis through the central nervous system, their roles in adipose tissues remain poorly understood. Here, we identified that the histamine H4 receptor (HrH4) was highly expressed in adipocytes at a level higher than that of the other three receptors (i.e.

Effect of basal insulin supplement therapy on diabetic retinopathy in short-duration type 2 diabetes: A one-year randomized parallel-group trial.

Background: In this study, we compared the effect on diabetic retinopathy (DR) between oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) alone and in combination with basal insulin-supported OADs therapy (BOT). [Correction added on 11 November 2019, after first online publication: In Abstract under Background section, "DR" has been corrected into "diabetic retinopathy (DR)".] METHODS: Between January 2015 and January 2018, this study enrolled 290 patients (age 18-65 years) with diabetes duration between 0 and 5 years.

BMP4 facilitates beige fat biogenesis via regulating adipose tissue macrophages.

Thermogenic beige fat improves metabolism and prevents obesity. Emerging evidence shows that the activation of M2 macrophages stimulates beige adipogenesis, whereas the activation of M1 macrophages, which play a major role in inflammation, impedes beige adipogenesis. Thus, the identification of factors that regulate adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) will help clarify the mechanism involved in beiging.

[In vitro remineralization effect of grape seed extract on artificial dentin caries].

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on remineralization of artificial dentin caries.

Methods: Sixty human dentine fragments were stored in a demineralization solution for 24 h at 37 degrees centigrade to induce artificial dentin caries lesions. The fragments were then randomly divided into 4 groups: 10% GSE, 1 mg/L NaF, 10% GSE+1 mg/L NaF and distilled water (DDW, as control).

[The clinical characteristics of 10 cases of adrenocorticotropic hormone- independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with adrenocorticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH).

Methods: A total of 10 AIMAH cases were enrolled in this retrospective study. The clinical and laboratory findings of all patients were collected and analyzed.

Proteomics research on the effects of applying selenium to apple leaves on photosynthesis.

Untreated and Se-enriched apple leaves (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. 'Red Fuji') were used as the experimental materials.

The beneficial effect of total glucosides of paeony on psoriatic arthritis links to circulating Tregs and Th1 cell function.

Total glycosides of peony (TGP) is a natural immuno-modulatory drug extracted from traditional Chinese herb peony. It has been approved by State Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, data of TGP effect on psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is still scarce.

Spared pre-irradiated area in pustular lesions induced by icotinib showing decreased expressions of CD1a+ langerhans cells and FGFR2.

Icotinib hydrochloride, a novel inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Up to date, cutaneous response to icotinib is largely unknown. Here we report an uncommon lesional phenomenon in a 56-year-old Chinese male with non-small-cell lung cancer, who received icotinib as a second-line treatment.

[Study on chemical constituents from Anoectochilus chapaensis].

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the whole herbs of Anoectochilus chapaensis.

Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatographies with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative TLC. Their structures were identified by their physiochemical property and spectral data.

Derivation, culture and retinal pigment epithelial differentiation of human embryonic stem cells using human fibroblast feeder cells.

Purpose: Retinal pigment epithelium cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) could be useful for restoring retinal function in age-related macular degeneration. However the use of non-human feeder cells to support the growth of ESCs for clinical applications raises the concern of possible contamination because of direct contact between animal and human cells.

Methods: In this study, we produced human ESCs using human fibroblast feeder layers isolated from foreskin and abdominal tissues.

[Effects of antidiabetic drug metformin on human breast carcinoma cells with different estrogen receptor expressing in vitro].

Aim: To research different effects of human breast carcinoma cells with different estrogen receptor expressing by antidiabetic drug metformin, and preliminary explore the possible underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Cells were treated with metformin. Growth inhibition rates of the cells were measured by MTT assay.

[Effect of chronic exposure to ultraviolet on skin barrier function].

Objective: To investigate the effect of chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure on skin barrier function and photoaging process.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-six volunteers from Hanghzou areas were enrolled in the study. UV-exposed skin areas (neck, dorsum of hand or frontier chest) and UV-unexposed areas (waist, buttock or abdomen) were tested.

Genistein protects against UVB-induced senescence-like characteristics in human dermal fibroblast by p66Shc down-regulation.

Background: Genistein, as an active compound of dietary antioxidants, has shown considerable promise as an effective agent against aging process. However, the effect of genistein on skin photoaging and the associated mechanism remain unclear.

Objective: To delineate the effect of genistein on UVB-induced senescence in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) with emphasis on the mechanism of oxidative pathway regulated by p66Shc involved in the events.

[Telomerase expression is not involved in aging process of human keratinocytes induced by UVB irradiation].

Objective: To investigate the mechanism involved in aging process of immortalized human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and primary human epidermis keratinocyte of adults (HEKa) irradiated by ultraviolet B(UVB).

Methods: HEKa and HaCaT were repeatedly exposed to UVB at a subcytotoxic level. SA-beta-Gal staining was performed to evaluate the senescence state; flow cytometry was applied to detect the changes of apoptosis, necrosis and cell cycle.