Burden of biliary tract carcinoma in China (1990-2021): Findings from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) is a group of malignant tumors that originate in the digestive system and occurs with a high incidence in China. Few consistent and comparable assessments of BTC disease burden have been conducted at national or subnational levels, and little is known about the demographic, temporal, and geographic patterns of epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of BTC in China. The incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature death and years lived with disability (YLDs) of BTC were comprehensively examined by age, sex, and calendar year in the Chinese population, using the methodological framework and analytical strategies used for the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.

The association between uric acid and erectile dysfunction in US adults: NHANES 2001-2004.

Background: -Recent evidence suggests that hyperuricemia may act as independent risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED), in addition to the already established factors. The current evidence supporting this relationship remains insufficient.

Methods And Results: -A total of 3,810 participants from the NHANES pool between 2001 and 2004 were included in our study, comprising 1,093 individuals with ED and 2,717 individuals without ED.

Public perceptions of government policies to COVID-19: A comparative study in six African countries.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has affected countries across the world, including those in Africa. Governments in these countries have implemented various policies to curb the spread of the virus. However, the effectiveness of these policies largely depends on how the public perceives them.

PUMA/RIP3 Mediates Chemotherapy Response via Necroptosis and Local Immune Activation in Colorectal Cancer.

Induction of programmed cell death (PCD) is a key cytotoxic effect of anticancer therapies. PCD is not confined to caspase-dependent apoptosis, but includes necroptosis, a regulated form of necrotic cell death controlled by receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases 1 and 3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) pseudokinase. Necroptosis functions as a defense mechanism against oncogenic mutations and pathogens and can be induced by a variety of anticancer agents.

Prostaglandin F synthase promotes oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through prostaglandin F-dependent and F-independent mechanism.

Background: Oxaliplatin (Oxa) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer (CRC), and Oxa resistance is crucial for treatment failure. Prostaglandin F synthase (PGF) (PGFS), an enzyme that catalyzes the production of PGF, is involved in the proliferation and growth of a variety of tumors. However, the role of PGFS in Oxa resistance in CRC remains unclear.

controls kernel size and plant architecture in rice.

Kernel size and plant architecture play important roles in kernel yield in rice. Cloning and functional study of genes related to kernel size and plant architecture are of great significance for breeding high-yield rice. Using the single-segment substitution lines which developed with as a donor parent and an elite cultivar Huajingxian74 (HJX74) as a recipient parent, we identified a novel QTL (quantitative trait locus), named , which controls kernel size and plant architecture.

Cromolyn platform suppresses fibrosis and inflammation, promotes microglial phagocytosis and neurite outgrowth.

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and may perpetuate ongoing fibrotic reactions within the central nervous system. Unfortunately, there is no therapeutic available that treats neurodegenerative inflammation and its sequelae. Here we utilize cromolyn, a mast cell inhibitor with anti-inflammatory capabilities, and its fluorinated analogue F-cromolyn to study fibrosis-related protein regulation and secretion downstream of neuroinflammation and their ability to promote microglial phagocytosis and neurite outgrowth.

MIR-4507 Targets to Facilitate the Malignant Progression of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is a serious threat to human health due to its high morbidity and mortality. microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of lung cancer. In this study, we elucidated the role of miRNA-4507 (miR-4507) in the pathogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Establishment of risk prediction model of postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy: 2016 edition of definition and grading system of pancreatic fistula: a single center experience with 223 cases.

Objective: To establish a risk prediction model for pancreatic fistula according to the pancreatic fistula standards of the 2016 edition.

Methods: Clinical data from 223 patients with PD admitted to Tianjin Third Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into modeling (January 2016 to December 2018) and validation (January 2019 to December 2020) sets according to the time of admission.

Y-box binding protein 1 augments sorafenib resistance the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Sorafenib is the first-line treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is closely correlated with tumors and drug resistance. However, the relationship between YB-1 and sorafenib resistance and the underlying mechanism in HCC remain unknown.

[The Value of CD44 Mononuclear Cells and Spleen Stiffness Measurement in Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Prognosis].

Objective: To investigate the value of CD44 mononuclear cells (MNC) and spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) in minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its prognosis.

Methods: Flow cytometry was used to detected the proportion of CD44 and CD24 MNC in 44 AML patients after induction chemotherapy. The SSM was tested by FS.

Cromolyn inhibits the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by human microglia (HMC3).

Cromolyn is a known mast cell stabilizer and is approved for treatment of asthma and for other allergic indications. Cromolyn, in a new redesigned dry powder formulation, is being tested in a pivotal clinical trial in combination with low dose ibuprofen to treat early Alzheimer's Disease (AD) subjects. To better understand the mechanistic effect cromolyn has in slowing down or halting the neuroinflammatory response associated with AD progression, we tested the effect of cromolyn to dampen the inflammatory response in the human HMC3 microglia cell line.

[Relationship between Leukocytes Derived Microparticles and Minimal Residual Disease and Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia].

Objective: To detect the relationship between leukocytes derived microparticle (CD45 MP) and minimal residual disease (MRD) and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods: The expression of CD45 MP, CD44 MP and CD24 MP in peripheral blood of 47 AML patients at the time after induction chemotherapy were detected by using flow cytometry, and the relationship between MP, MRD and prognosis were analyzed.

Results: The percentages of CD45 MP, CD44 MP and CD24 MP in MRD positive group were significantly higher than those in MRD negative group.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce immunogenic cell death in suppressing colorectal tumorigenesis.

Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism by which NSAIDs suppress colorectal tumorigenesis remains unclear. We previously showed that NSAIDs selectively kill emerging tumor cells via death receptor (DR) signaling and a synthetic lethal interaction mediated by the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein BID.

Direct Tumor Killing and Immunotherapy through Anti-SerpinB9 Therapy.

Cancer therapies kill tumors either directly or indirectly by evoking immune responses and have been combined with varying levels of success. Here, we describe a paradigm to control cancer growth that is based on both direct tumor killing and the triggering of protective immunity. Genetic ablation of serine protease inhibitor SerpinB9 (Sb9) results in the death of tumor cells in a granzyme B (GrB)-dependent manner.

Biological evaluation of non-basic chalcone CYB-2 as a dual ABCG2/ABCB1 inhibitor.

The enhancement of drug efflux caused by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (including ABCG2 and ABCB1) overexpression is an important factor for multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancers. After testing the reversal activities of 19 chalcone and bis-chalcone derivatives on MDR cancer cell lines, we found that non-basic chalcone CYB-2 exhibited the most potent reversal activities against both ABCG2- and ABCB1-mediated MDR. The mechanistic studies show that this compound can increase the accumulation of anticancer drugs in both ABCG2- and ABCB1-overexpressing cancer cell lines, resulting from the blocked efflux function of the MDR cancer cell lines.

Benzoyl indoles with metabolic stability as reversal agents for ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance.

Ko143, a potent ABCG2 inhibitor that reverses multidrug resistance in cancer, cannot be used clinically due to its unsuitable metabolic stability. We identified benzoyl indoles as reversal agents that reversed ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR), with synthetic tractability and enhanced metabolic stability compared to Ko143. Bisbenzoyl indole 2 and monobenzoyl indole 8 significantly increased the accumulation of mitoxantrone (MX) in ABCG2-overexpressing NCI-H460/MX20 cells, and sensitized NCI-H460/MX20 cells to mitoxantrone.

Aspirin Exposure and Mortality Risk among Prostate Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the ninth most common cause of cancer death globally. Many studies have investigated aspirin exposure and mortality risk among PCa patients, returning inconsistent results. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to explore the association between aspirin exposure and mortality risk among PCa patients and to investigate potential dose/duration/frequency-response relationships.

BET Inhibitors Potentiate Chemotherapy and Killing of -Mutant Colon Cancer Cells via Induction of DR5.

Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins such as BRD4 are epigenetic readers that control expression of a number of oncogenic proteins. Targeting this family of proteins has recently emerged as a promising anticancer approach. BET inhibitors (BETi), either alone or in combination with other anticancer agents, have exhibited efficacy in a variety of tumors.

Exogenous NO mediated the detoxification pathway of tomato seedlings under different stress of Cu and Cd.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known signaling molecular that plays a significant role in stress tolerance of plants to heavy metals. However, the detoxification mechanism of NO has not been well studied. Here, we examined the absorbing and transporting characteristics of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in tomato seedlings through nutrient solution culture and its response to exogenous NO under Cu and/or Cd stress.

Regorafenib antagonizes BCRP-mediated multidrug resistance in colon cancer.

Overexpression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) has been shown to produce multidrug resistance (MDR) in colon cancer, leading to major obstacles for chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the effect of regorafenib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor, in inhibiting BCRP-mediated MDR in silico, in vitro and in vivo. We found that regorafenib significantly sensitized MDR colon cancer cells to BCRP substrates by increasing their intracellular accumulation.

Immunogenic effects of chemotherapy-induced tumor cell death.

Emerging evidence suggests that the clinical success of conventional chemotherapy is not solely attributed to tumor cell toxicity, but also results from the restoration of immunosurveillance, which has been largely neglected in the past preclinical and clinical research. Antitumor immune response can be primed by immunogenic cell death (ICD), a type of cell death characterized by cell-surface translocation of calreticulin (CRT), extracellular release of ATP and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and stimulation of type I interferon (IFN) responses. Here we summarize recent studies showing conventional chemotherapeutics as ICD inducers, which are capable of modulating tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and reactivating antitumor immunity within an immuno-suppressive microenvironment.