Forensic age estimation in adults based on multidetector computed tomography analysis of bone density in the medial meta-epiphyseal region of clavicle.

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) in the medial meta-epiphyseal region of clavicle (MERC) for adult age estimation. A total of 1064 chest MDCT scans from individuals aged 21 to 102 years were utilized to determine the MERC BMD. The Mimics software was used for the BMD measurements, and the average BMD of both MERC was also calculated.

Forensic Pathological Diagnosis of Acute and Old Myocardial Infarction Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

Objectives: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze myocardial infarction tissues at different stages of pathological change to achieve the forensic pathology diagnosis of acute and old myocardial infarction.

Methods: FTIR spectra data of early ischemic myocardium, necrotic myocardium, and myocardial fibrous tissue in the left ventricular anterior wall of the sudden death group of atherosclerotic heart disease and the myocardium of the normal control group were collected using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining as a reference, and the data were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis.

Results: The mean normalized spectra of control myocardium, early ischemic myocardium and necrotic myocardium were relatively similar, but the mean second derivative spectra were significantly different.

Research Progress and Forensic Application of Human Vascular Finite Element Modeling and Biomechanics.

The finite element method (FEM) is a mathematical method for obtaining approximate solutions to a wide variety of engineering problems. With the development of computer technology, it is gradually applied to the study of biomechanics of human body. The application of the combination of FEM and biomechanics in exploring the relationship between vascular injury and disease, and pathological mechanisms will be a technological innovation for traditional forensic medicine.

Pulmonary PMCT angiography by right ventricle cardiac puncture: a novel, promising approach for investigating pulmonary thromboembolism.

Forensic scholars are paying more attention to postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and PMCT angiography (PMCTA), which are gradually becoming effective and practical methods in forensic practice. However, few studies have focused on the application of PMCTA to cardiac ventricular puncture-especially of the right ventricle. In this article, we introduce a pulmonary PMCTA approach by right ventricle cardiac puncture and its potential value in fatalities from pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).

Estimation of sex based on patella measurements in a contemporary Chinese population using multidetector computed tomography: An automatic measurement method.

Sex estimation is an important part of creating a biological profile, and ultimately assisting in creating a presumptive identification of unidentified skeletal remains. However, manual methods of anthropometric are time-consuming and prone to observer variability. The present study is an attempt to estimation of sex from automatic measurement of patella by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in a contemporary Chinese population.

Estimation of stature and sex from skull measurements by multidetector computed tomography in Chinese.

The present study is an attempt to estimation of stature and sex from skull measurements by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in contemporary Chinese. In the present study, fifteen measurements for every skull were taken from CT image of 382 Chinese. The sample was composed of 200 males and 182 females with an average age of 47 and 46 years, respectively.

[New Progress of MALDI-TOF-IMS in the Study of Proteomics].

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-IMS) has been a classical technique for studying proteomics in present and a tool for analyzing the distribution of proteins and small molecules within biological tissue sections. MALDI-TOF-IMS can analyze multiple unknown compounds in biological tissue sections simultaneously through a single measurement which can obtain molecule imaging of the tissue while maintaining the integrity of cellular and molecules in tissue. In recent years, imaging mass spectrometry technique develops relatively quickly in all biomedical domain.

[Comparison of Postmortem MSCT and Autopsy Findings in Traffic Accident Victims].

Objective: To explore the application value of postmortem multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) by observing and analyzing the injury features in the traffic accident victims.

Methods: Ten traffic accident victims were scanned with whole body MSCT. The systemic autopsy was subsequently performed to compare with the results of MSCT.

Determination of a Newborn with Lethal Type II Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Other Anomalies Using Autopsy and Postmortem MSCT--A Case Report.

A case of a stillbirth with lethal type II osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) was reported. The fetus had skull fractures and craniocerebral injuries during pregnancy. Postmortem multi-sliced computed tomography (MSCT) and 3D-reconstruction were performed, followed by a medico-legal autopsy.

[Proteomic Analysis of Rat Brain Stem with DAI by MALDI-TOF-MS].

Objective: To establish a diagnostic model for diffuse axonal injury (DAI) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). To screen the proteins or peptides associated with DAI for providing the biomarkers with theoretic foundation.

Methods: Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into DAI group (n = 10) and control group (n = 5).

[Forensic Analysis of 33 Cases of Fatal Pulmonary Thromboembolism].

Objective: To explore the related risk facts of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and analyze the relation between PTE and the trauma or medical behavior by investigating the cases of PTE.

Methods: Thirty-three cases were selected from Institute of Forensic Science (IFS) from 2000 to 2014.

Results: In 33 cases, 16 decedents were male, 17 decedents were female; different degrees of dyspnea, chest tight- ness and syncope symptoms were the clinical manifestation of the deceased; the thrombus was mainly distributed in the left and right pulmonary arteries.

Karoshi Related to Labor Intensity and Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Case Report.

Karoshi remains one of the most troublesome issues in forensic identification. It is rather a social medicine than a clinical disease. Japanese scholars pioneered examining the relation between sud- den cardiac death (SCD) and chronic fatigue from long time and/or high-tension work.

[Research Advances in Postmortem Chemistry].

Postmortem chemistry is becoming more and more essential in routine forensic pathology and has made considerable progress over the past years. Biochemical analyses of vitreous humor, blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid may provide important information in determining the cause of death or in elucidating forensic issues. Postmortem chemistry may be essential for the determination of cause of death when morphological methods (diabetes mellitus, alcoholic ketoacidosis and electrolytic disorders) cannot detect the pathophysiological changes involved in the death process.

[Analysis of 59 Anaphylactic Death Cases].

Objective: To analyze the cases of anaphylactic death cases and explore the standards of judicial expertise of anaphylactic death for providing evidence for judicial expertise.

Methods: Fifty-nine cases death due to allergic reaction in Shanghai were collected. And details of medical history, clinical manifestation of anaphylactic reaction and postmortem examination findings were reviewed for all cases.

[Postmortem MSCT Analysis and Identification of Fall from Height: One Case Report].

Objective: To explore the application value of postmortem multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in cases of fall from height through observing and analyzing the injury features of the fall and reconstructing the process of the fall based on the the above procedure.

Methods: One real fatal case due to fall from height was fully examined using MSCT and three-dimensional reconstruction technique. Analyzing the manner and cause of death through combination of MSCT and systemic autopsy was also implemented.

[Whiplash injury analysis of cervical vertebra by finite element method].

Finite element method (FEM) is an effective mathematical method for stress analysis, and has been gradually applied in the study of biomechanics of human body structures. This paper reviews the construction, development, materials assignment and verification of FEM model of cervical vertebra, and it also states the research results of injury mechanism of whiplash injury and biomechanical response analysis of the cervical vertebra using FEM by researchers at home and abroad.

[Application of MSCT in the identification and analysis of traffic accidents: 2 fatal cases].

Objective: To explore the application value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in traffic accidents through observing and analyzing the injury features of the accidents.

Methods: Two fatal cases caused by traffic accidents were fully examined using MSCT, 3D imaging reconstruction and angiography through cardiac puncture. The features of traffic injury mechanism were analyzed through combination of MSCT and postmortem external examination.

[Screening and identification of forensic molecular markers of injury using MALDI-TOF-MS imaging mass spectrometry].

There are many deficiencies in forensic traumatic molecular markers detected by the techniques of traditional immunohistology and molecular biology, because these markers are isolated and obscure of the mechanism of interaction. The imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is more suitable for the forensic molecular markers using function of screening, analysis and graphical representation. In this paper, the techniques and the latest research in screening and identification of typical molecular markers by IMS based on matrix-assisted laser adsorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) are reviewed.

[Research development and application of virtopsy].

Autopsy represents traditional and classical examination in forensic medicine. It was suggested that conventional autopsy, nowadays sometimes rejected or not tolerated by people for its damage to corpse. Virtopsy offers a non-invasive investigation approach and can also reflect fracture, soft-tissue injury, wound track, organ trauma objectively and accurately.

[Analysis of biochemical markers in serum of guinea pigs after death caused by hypothermia].

Objective: To explore the changes and rules of biochemical markers in serum of guinea pigs after death caused by hypothermia and to provide references for fatal hypothermia diagnosis by serum biochemical markers.

Methods: Twenty guinea pigs were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The guinea pigs in the experimental group were kept at -30 °C until death, while the ones in control group were decapitated after same survival intervals at 25 °C.

Postmortem MSCT diagnosis of whiplash injuries in a traffic accident: a case report and review of the literature.

A 45-year-old male car driver died in a traffic accident of four cars rear-end collision on the highway. He was found to have died after a respiratory and cardiac arrest at the scene. No sign of skin injuries was observed from the external inspection.

3D finite element model of human knee injuries in the traffic accident.

Objective: To explore the injury mechanism of the human knee in a traffic accident by establishing a 3D finite element (FE) model.

Methods: The FE model, composed of femur, tibia, fibula, patella, meniscus, knee ligaments and surrounding soft tissues, was reconstructed by CT scanning data from a male volunteer. Validation was performed by the lateral impact simulation, and the stress and strain results were obtained to be compared with those previously reported for injury prediction.

[Changes of postmortem human blood biochemical indexes].

Objective: To investigate and analyze the changes of postmortem human biochemical indexes.

Methods: Subclavian venous blood samples were collected from 81 cases of traffic fatalities. Thirteen blood biochemical indexes including liver function (ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL), renal function (UA and Cr), cardiac function (CK, CK-MB and LDH), electrolytes (K+, Na+ and Cl-), and glucose (GLU) were tested by Roche cobas c311 automatic biochemical analyzer.