Discovery of lignans and curcuminoids as the effective inhibitors of pancreatic lipase: structure-activity relationship and inhibitory mechanism.

Pancreatic lipase (PL) is the main enzyme in the digestive system that breaks down triglyceride and promotes its absorption. In this paper, we found that lignans , and , curcuminoids exhibited significant inhibitory potential against PL. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) indicated that benzo-1, 3-dioxole group in the construction of lignans is essential to inhibitory effects against PL, while double bonds at C-7/C-2 position and 4-hydroxyphenyl moiety in the structure of curcuminoids are beneficial for PL inhibition.

Enhanced Nanoparticle Recognition via Deep Learning-Accelerated Plasmonic Sensing.

Surface plasmon microscopy proves to be a potent tool for capturing interferometric scattering imaging data of individual particles at both micro and nanoscales, offering considerable potential for label-free analysis of bio-particles and bio-molecules such as exosomes, viruses, and bacteria. However, the manual analysis of acquired images remains a challenge, particularly when dealing with dense samples or strong background noise, common in practical measurements. Manual analysis is not only prone to errors but is also time-consuming, especially when handling a large volume of experimental images.

[Estimation of soil moisture and organic matter content in saline alkali farmland by using CARS algorithm combined with covariates].

Rapid acquisition of the data of soil moisture content (SMC) and soil organic matter (SOM) content is crucial for the improvement and utilization of saline alkali farmland soil. Based on field measurements of hyperspectral reflectance and soil properties of farmland soil in the Hetao Plain, we used a competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm (CARS) to screen sensitive bands after transforming the original spectral reflectance (Ref) into a standard normal variable (SNV). Strategies Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were used to model the input variables of Ref, Ref SNV, Ref-SNV+ soil covariate (SC), and digital elevation model (DEM).

Inversion of soil water and salt information based on UAV hyperspectral remote sensing and machine lear-ning.

Accurate diagnosis of water and salt information in saline agricultural lands is crucial for long-term soil quality improvement and arable land conservation. In this study, we extracted field-scale vegetation canopy spectral information by UAV hyperspectral information, transforming the reflectance (R) to standard normal variate transformation (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), first derivative of reflectance (FDR) and second derivative of reflectance (SDR). We determined the optimal spectral transformation forms of soil water content (SWC), soil pH, and soil salt content (SSC) by the maximum absolute correlation coefficient (MACC), and extracted the feature bands by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS).

Hyperspectral inversion of soil water and salt information based on fractional order derivative technology.

Accurate and efficient acquisition of soil water and salt information is a prerequisite for the improvement and sustainable utilization of saline lands. With the ground field hyperspectral reflectance and the measured soil water-salt content as data sources, we used the fractional order differentiation (FOD) technique to process hyperspectral data (with a step length of 0.25).

The quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials of HuatuoZaizao pill for stroke.

HuatuoZaizao pill (HZP), a Chinese patent medicine, is often used in the treatment of stroke. However, there is still a lack of enough evidence to recommend the routine use of HZP for stroke. This study is aimed at evaluating the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on HZP for stroke.

Association of Nap Frequency With Hypertension or Ischemic Stroke Supported by Prospective Cohort Data and Mendelian Randomization in Predominantly Middle-Aged European Subjects.

Background And Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between daytime napping frequency and the incidence of essential hypertension or stroke as well as to validate causality in this relationship via Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: We conducted Cox regression analysis on 358 451 participants free of hypertension or stroke from UK Biobank. To validate the results of the observational analysis, we conducted a 2-sample MR for daytime napping frequency (123 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) with essential hypertension in FinnGen Biobank, stroke, and ischemic stroke in MEGASTROKE consortium and performed a corresponding 1-sample MR on the UK Biobank data.

[Effects of different spectra types on the accuracy and correction of soil salt content inversion in Yinchuan Plain, China].

Soil salinization is one of key drivers for the degradation of soil quality and yield in arable land. To accurately and quickly evaluate soil salt content in Yinchuan Plain, field and indoor hyperspectral data were processed with first order differential (FDR) transformation, then the feature bands were identified by stepwise regression (SR). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machines (SVM) were used to build models, which were verified to figure out the optimal hyperspectral type for the study area.

Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Experimental Ischemic Stroke: A Preclinical Systematic Review.

Stem cell transplantation offers promise in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Here we utilized systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression to study the biological effect of stem cell treatments in animal models of ischemic stroke. A total of 98 eligible publications were included by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception to August 1, 2020.

PTP-MEG2 regulates quantal size and fusion pore opening through two distinct structural bases and substrates.

Tyrosine phosphorylation of secretion machinery proteins is a crucial regulatory mechanism for exocytosis. However, the participation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in different exocytosis stages has not been defined. Here we demonstrate that PTP-MEG2 controls multiple steps of catecholamine secretion.

Generation of Transgenic Mice: A Tool for Inducible Gene Expression in the Liver.

The modification of the mouse genome by site-specific gene insertion of transgenes and other genetic elements allows the study of gene function in different developmental stages and in the pathogenesis of diseases. Here, we generated a "genomic safe harbor" () locus-specific knock-in transgenic mouse line in which the promoter is used to drive the expression of the reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA) in the liver. The newly generated transgenic mice were bred with ) mice to assess inducibility and tissue-specificity.

Resveratrol enhances the functionality and improves the regeneration of mesenchymal stem cell aggregates.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based regeneration, specifically cell aggregate or cell sheet engineering, is a promising approach for tissue reconstruction. Considering the advantages of ease of harvest and lack of immune rejection, the application of autologous MSCs (i.e.

Gq activity- and β-arrestin-1 scaffolding-mediated ADGRG2/CFTR coupling are required for male fertility.

Luminal fluid reabsorption plays a fundamental role in male fertility. We demonstrated that the ubiquitous GPCR signaling proteins Gq and β-arrestin-1 are essential for fluid reabsorption because they mediate coupling between an orphan receptor ADGRG2 (GPR64) and the ion channel CFTR. A reduction in protein level or deficiency of ADGRG2, Gq or β-arrestin-1 in a mouse model led to an imbalance in pH homeostasis in the efferent ductules due to decreased constitutive CFTR currents.

Matrix Effects Originating from Coexisting Minerals and Accurate Determination of Stable Silver Isotopes in Silver Deposits.

Except for extensive studies in core formation and volatile-element depletion processes using radiogenic Ag isotopes (i.e., the Pd-Ag chronometer), recent research has revealed that the mass fractionation of silver isotopes is in principle controlled by physicochemical processes (e.

Arrestin-biased AT1R agonism induces acute catecholamine secretion through TRPC3 coupling.

Acute hormone secretion triggered by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation underlies many fundamental physiological processes. GPCR signalling is negatively regulated by β-arrestins, adaptor molecules that also activate different intracellular signalling pathways. Here we reveal that TRV120027, a β-arrestin-1-biased agonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), stimulates acute catecholamine secretion through coupling with the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C 3 (TRPC3).

Adaptive Activation of a Stress Response Pathway Improves Learning and Memory Through Gs and β-Arrestin-1-Regulated Lactate Metabolism.

Background: Stress is a conserved physiological response in mammals. Whereas moderate stress strengthens memory to improve reactions to previously experienced difficult situations, too much stress is harmful.

Methods: We used specific β-adrenergic agonists, as well as β-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and arrestin knockout models, to study the effects of adaptive β2AR activation on cognitive function using Morris water maze and object recognition experiments.

Tong Luo Jiu Nao, a Chinese Medicine Formula, Reduces Inflammatory Stress in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Aim: The aim of this study is to extend the molecular mechanism of Tong Luo Jiu Nao (TLJN) for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is a modern Chinese formula that has been used to treat AD.

Methods: The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain (SAMP8) is one of the most appropriate models to study the mechanism that underlies AD. The levels of plasma amyloid β (Aβ) and the Aβ deposits were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry.

Transforming growth factor-β signaling participates in the maintenance of the primordial follicle pool in the mouse ovary.

Physiologically, only a few primordial follicles are activated to enter the growing follicle pool each wave. Recent studies in knock-out mice show that early follicular activation depends on signaling from the tuberous sclerosis complex, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. However, the manner in which these pathways are normally regulated, and whether or not TGF-β acts on them are poorly understood.

Central apelin-13 inhibits food intake via the CRF receptor in mice.

Apelin, the novel identified peptide, is the endogenous ligand for the APJ. Previous studies have reported the effect of apelin on food intake, however the action of acute central injected apelin on food intake in mice remains unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism as well as the effect of central apelin-13 on food intake in mice.

[The tk gene mutation analysis in WTK1 cell line by multiplex PCR].

Objective: To explore the tk gene mutation spectrum in spontaneous and induced WTK1 mutants.

Methods: After exposure to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), mitomycin (MMC) or sodiam azide (NaN3), spontaneously-arising and induced mutants of WTK1 cell line were selected. The spectrum and hotspot of tk gene mutation were analyzed by multiplex PCR.

[Evaluation of the genotoxicity of vincristine and colchicine using mouse lymphoma tk mutation assay].

Objective: To evaluate the genotoxicity of two mitotic inhibitors vincristine and colchicine, and to compare the detecting sensitivity of tk gene mutation assay with short-and long-term treatment by them.

Methods: Tk gene mutation assay was performed by microwell method with L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line after exposing to vincristine and colchicine for 3 h and 24 h respectively, and the results of two different treating time were compared.

Results: The two chemicals didn't show positive responses in mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) with 3h treatment, but they could induce tk mutation frequency increase 1.

Extraction kinetics of heavy metal-containing sludge.

In order to remove and recover copper, zinc, cadmium, and chromium from the wastewater treatment sludge generated by an electroplating process, the heavy metal extraction kinetics was studied in a batch reactor using two different extraction agents (nitric and citric acid) at constant agitation speed (150 rpm) and solid to liquid ratio (10 g/L), but varying acid concentrations (0.02-0.10 N), temperatures (25-85 degrees C in nitric acid solution, 25-95 degrees C in citric acid solution), and sludge particle sizes.

[TK locus mutation assay: comparison of L5178Y and TK6 cell lines].

Objective: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing L5178Y and TK6 cell lines in the TK locus mutation assay.

Methods: The two cell lines were used for detecting and assessing the mutability of four chemicals (MMS, EMS, MMC and KCl); the microwell method of TK locus mutation assay was adopted.

Results: The two cell lines brought about similar results in the study.