Novel SPAST mutation in a Han Chinese SPG4 patient: a case report.

Spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4), the predominant form of Autosomal Dominant Hereditary spastic paraplegia (AD-HSP), is characterized by variants in the SPAST gene. This study reports a unique case of a late-onset SPG4 in a Han Chinese male, manifesting primarily as gait disturbances from lower extremity spasticity. Uncovered through whole-genome sequencing, a previously undocumented frameshift variant, c.

Regulation of Fuzheng Huayu capsule on inhibiting the fibrosis-associated hepatocellular carcinogenesis.

In the current study, bioinformatics analysis of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) dataset was conducted with the hepatoprotective effect of the Fuzheng Huayu (FZHY) capsule against the diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC progression analyzed. Eight cell clusters were defined and , , and , compounds of the FZHY capsule, inhibit HCC progression-related fibrosis by regulating the expression of and . Combined with the ameliorative effect of the FZHY capsule against liver dysfunctions and expression of PLAU and IGFBP3, our study confirmed the effect of the FZHY capsule on inhibiting the fibrosis-associated HCC progression regulating the expression of PLAU and IGFBP3.

The effects of voluntary running exercise on the astrocytes of the medial prefrontal cortex in APP/PS1 mice.

Pathological changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and astrocytes are closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Voluntary running has been found to effectively delay AD. However, the effects of voluntary running on mPFC astrocytes in AD are unclear.

Research on the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of Cangzhu in the treatment of gouty arthritis.

Objective: We aimed to identify the active ingredients and elucidate the underlying mechanism of action of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC (namely, Cangzhu) for the treatment of gouty arthritis (GA) based on network pharmacology methods. These findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of GA.

Long-term running exercise improves cognitive function and promotes microglial glucose metabolism and morphological plasticity in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.

Background: The role of physical exercise in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been widely studied. Microglia play an important role in AD. Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is expressed on microglia and is known to mediate microglial metabolic activity and brain glucose metabolism.

Anti-LINGO-1 antibody ameliorates cognitive impairment, promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and increases the abundance of CB1R-rich CCK-GABAergic interneurons in AD mice.

In view of the negative regulatory effect of leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing nogo receptor-interacting protein 1 (LINGO-1) on neurons, an antibody against LINGO-1 (anti-LINGO-1 antibody) was herein administered to 10-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice for 2 months as an experimental intervention. Behavioral, stereology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the anti-LINGO-1 antibody significantly improved the cognitive abilities, promoted adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), decreased the amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, enlarged the hippocampal volume, and increased the numbers of total neurons and GABAergic interneurons, including GABAergic and CCK-GABAergic interneurons rich in cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R), in the hippocampus of AD mice. In contrast, this intervention significantly reduced the number of GABAergic interneurons expressing LINGO-1 and CB1R in the hippocampus of AD mice.

Ketamine Induces Lasting Antidepressant Effects by Modulating the NMDAR/CaMKII-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in Depressive Stroke Model.

Background: Ketamine has been shown to possess lasting antidepressant properties. However, studies of the mechanisms involved in its effects on poststroke depression are nonexistent.

Methods: To investigate these mechanisms, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a single local dose of ketamine after middle cerebral artery occlusion and chronic unpredicted mild stress.

Diuretic Effect and Metabolomics Analysis of Crude and Salt-Processed Plantaginis Semen.

Plantaginis Semen (PS) is well recognized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and health products. Crude PS (CPS) and salt-processed CPS (SPS) are the two most commonly used decoction pieces of PS, and are included in the 2020 edition of . Although they all have multiple effects, the mechanisms for treating diseases are different and remain unclear, the processing mechanism of SPS is also indeterminate, which hinders their clinical application to a certain extent.

Fatal and Rapid Progressive Isolated Cerebral Mucormycosis Involving the Bilateral Basal Ganglia: A Case Report.

Isolated cerebral mucormycosis is a clinical type of mucormycosis that is estimated to account for 8% of all mucormycosis cases. The clinical symptoms of isolated cerebral mucormycosis are elusive, and thus conventional techniques often lake sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, cultures are often negative, even when direct microscopy examination is positive.

A Review of Recent Advances in Neuroprotective Potential of 3-N-Butylphthalide and Its Derivatives.

The research of alternative treatment for ischemic stroke and degenerative diseases has always been a priority in neurology. 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP), a family of compounds initially isolated from the seeds of Linn., has shown significant neuroprotective effects.

Problem/case-based learning with competition introduced in severe infection education: an exploratory study.

Background: Problem/case-based learning (PCBL) is one of the most commonly used educational methods in medical schools.

Aim: To further improve PCBL in clinical course of severe infection by introducing competition mode.

Methods: Two classes of medical students were divided into two groups by class-based simple randomization and were taught the course of severe infection by PCBL.

Optimal target range for blood glucose in hyperglycaemic patients in a neurocritical care unit.

Background: Hyperglycaemia is common among patients with critical neurological injury, even if they have no history of diabetes. The optimal target range for normalizing their blood glucose is unknown.

Methods: Retrospective data were extracted from 890 hyperglycaemic individuals (glucose > 200 mg/dL) admitted to neuroscience critical care unit (NCCU) and these patients were divided into two groups: intensive glucose control group with target glucose of < 140 mg/dL achieved and moderate control with glucose levels 140-180 mg/dL.

Prevalence and control of dyslipidaemia among diabetic patients with microalbuminuria in a Chinese hospital.

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that dyslipidaemia plays an important role in the progression of kidney disease in patients with diabetes. Hyperlipidaemia is a risk factor for microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes. Little information exists on the prevalence and control of dyslipidaemia among diabetic patients with microalbuminuria in China.

PPARγ-mediated advanced glycation end products regulate neural stem cell proliferation but not neural differentiation through the BDNF-CREB pathway.

Aims: To investigate the roles of PPARγ in advanced glycation end product (AGE)-mediated characteristics of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the molecular mechanisms of action.

Methods: We prepared pLentiLox3.7 lentiviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against PPARγ and transduced NSCs.

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from foot ulcers in diabetic patients in a Chinese care hospital: risk factors for infection and prevalence.

A retrospective case-control study of 118 (male : female, 68 : 50) Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with foot ulcers (Wagner's grade 3-5) was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in relation to the original community or hospital parameters. Ulcer specimens were processed for Gram staining, aerobic culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Staphylococcus species were tested for meticillin resistance using oxacillin.

Involvement of serotonin neurotransmission in hippocampal neurogenesis and behavioral responses in a rat model of post-stroke depression.

Ischemia-stimulated dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis is hypothesized to be an etiological factor of post-stroke depression (PSD) and a potential target of selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in PSD. Clinical investigations have explored the strategy of augmenting SSRIs action by combination with a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. We investigated the relative importance of the effects on ischemia-stimulated neurogenesis and depressive-like behavior of WAY-100635 versus citalopram at different dose levels in PSD animals.

Notch1 signaling related hippocampal neurogenesis in adult poststroke depression rats: a valid index for an efficient combined citalopram and WAY100635 pharmacotherapy.

We investigated the hypothesis that hippocampal neurogenesis related to Notch1 signaling could be a valid index for a combined citalopram and WAY100635 pharmacotherapy for the treatment of depression arising after stroke. Adult rats were exposed to a chronic mild stress paradigm after ischemic surgery. Behavioral tests included the open-field test and a sucrose consumption test.

Dyslipidaemia among diabetic patients with ischemic stroke in a Chinese hospital.

Background: Dyslipidaemia is a potential independent risk factor for cerebrovascular disease in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate dyslipidaemia, treatment and control of dyslipidaemia among diabetic patients with ischemic stroke in a Chinese hospital.

Methods: A total of 1046 type 2 diabetic patients were assigned to diabetes with (n = 522) and diabetes without stroke groups.

Decreased expression of serotonin 1A receptor in the dentate gyrus in association with chronic mild stress: a rat model of post-stroke depression.

Alterations of serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission are implicated in post-stroke depression (PSD). Serotonin 1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor-based abnormalities have been the focus of intensive study in depression. Here we investigated the expression of the 5-HT(1A) receptor and gene in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) by chronic mild stress (CMS) after stroke and the effect of citalopram.

PPARgamma-mediated advanced glycation end products regulation of neural stem cells.

Hyperglycemia is accompanied by an accelerated rate of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation, which is found to be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic cognitive deficit, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays an important role in controlling the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their neuronal differentiation. We investigate the hypothesis that PPARgamma could mediate AGEs-related regulation of NSCs, by which AGEs possibly fulfill important roles in diabetic-related cognitive impairment.

Diabetes impairs hippocampal function via advanced glycation end product mediated new neuron generation in animals with diabetes-related depression.

The diabetes-induced reduction of neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate and its reversal with antidepressant medications implies a potential mechanism for diabetes-related depression and cognitive decline. In the following article, the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in hippocampal neurogenesis deficits in diabetic animals with depression has been further explained in the light of an in vitro study. Diabetes was induced in animals with the use of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.

Notch1 signaling, hippocampal neurogenesis and behavioral responses to chronic unpredicted mild stress in adult ischemic rats.

Accumulating evidence indicates that the Notch signaling pathway fulfills important roles in ischemia-stimulated neurogenesis, which may be regarded as an etiological factor in post-stroke depression. Here we explored Notch(1) signaling, hippocampal neurogenesis and behavioral responses to chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) in adult ischemic rats. Animals were treated with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by an 18 day CUMS procedure.

[Dynamic changes of the expression of Notch(1) and Jagged(1) in the hippocampus after focal ischemia: experiment with rats].

Objective: To detect the expression patterns of Notch(1) and Jagged(1) in the hippocampus of focal ischemia and find out whether the Notch pathway is involved in the regulation of the differentiation of the proliferated neural precursor cells in the dentate gyrus under ischemic conditions.

Methods: 42 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group undergoing MCAO by intraluminal thread technique so as to cause focal cerebral infarction, sham operation group, and normal control group.19 and 28 days after the operation 6 rats in each group were killed with their hippocampus taken out.