Understanding the Nonlinear Hammett Relationship in Osmylation of Olefins with OsO-Amine Ligands: Importance of Singlet-Diradical Character.

Although the concerted [3 + 2] mechanism of osmium-catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation has been generally accepted, the unusual nonlinear Hammett relationship induced by amine-type ligands remains unexplained. To understand this, we carried out a density functional theory (DFT) study for the osmylation of substituted styrenes by the following: OsO, OsO-pyridine, OsO-4-cyanopyridine, OsO-4-pyrrolidinopyridine, and OsO-quinuclidine. Calculations using the M06 functional successfully reproduce the experimentally observed nonlinear relationships.

A new synonym of (subg. ) from China (Ericaceae).

Based on a critical examination of type specimens, images of living plants, and the literature has shown to be conspecific with . Although slight variations in corolla colour exist amongst different populations of , it does not serve as a key distinguishing trait. Therefore, we reduced to a synonym of , and recommend placing it in Subsection Maculifera.

Catalytic glycosylation for minimally protected donors and acceptors.

Oligosaccharides have myriad functions throughout biological processes. Chemical synthesis of these structurally complex molecules facilitates investigation of their functions. With a dense concentration of stereocentres and hydroxyl groups, oligosaccharide assembly through O-glycosylation requires simultaneous control of site, stereo- and chemoselectivities.

[Effect of Xuming Decoction in Records of Proved Prescriptions, Ancient a nd Modern on cerebral ischemic injury and angiogenesis in rat model of acute cerebral infarction].

This paper aims to explore the effect of Xuming Decoction in the Records of Proved Prescriptions, Ancient and Modern on cerebral ischemic injury and angiogenesis in the rat model of acute cerebral infarction. SD rats were randomized into 6 groups: sham group, model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose(5.13, 10.

Photoinduced Site-Selective Aryl C-H Borylation with Electron-Donor-Acceptor Complex Derived from BPin and Isoquinoline.

Due to boron's metalloid properties, aromatic boron reagents are prevalent synthetic intermediates. The direct borylation of aryl C-H bonds for producing aromatic boron compounds offers an appealing, one-step solution. Despite significant advances in this field, achieving regioselective aryl C-H bond borylation using simple and readily available starting materials still remains a challenge.

Phenotypic characterisation of regulatory T cells in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication that occurs during pregnancy. Emerging evidence suggests that immune abnormalities play a pivotal role in the development of GDM. Specifically, regulatory T cells (Tregs) are considered a critical factor in controlling maternal-fetal immune tolerance.

Rational design of super reductive EDA photocatalyst for challenging reactions: a theoretical and experimental study.

We reported a novel electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) photocatalyst formed from isoquinoline, a diboron reagent, and a weak base. To further optimize the efficiency of this photocatalyst, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to investigate the substituent effects on the properties of vertical excitation energy and redox potential. Subsequently, we experimentally validated these effects using a broader range of substituents and varying substitution positions.

[CiteSpace knowledge map of gut microbiota research involving traditional Chinese medicine in recent twenty years].

We employed bibliometrics to comprehensively study the hotspots and frontiers of gut microbiota research involving traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), aiming to provide new ideas for the subsequent research in this field. The studies of gut microbiota with TCM published from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2021 were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Web of Science(WoS). After data screening and cleaning, CiteSpace 5.

Systematic evaluation and re-evaluation of buyang huanwu decoction in treating ischemic stroke.

Background: The Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) originated from Wang Qingren's "Yi Lin Gai Cuo". It has the effect of tonifying qi and activating blood circulation and dredging collaterals which is recommended for the treatment of Ischemic stroke in China. In recent years, there have been many systematic reviews of Ischemic stroke treated by BYHWD assessing the efficacy of BYHWD in the treatment of Ischemic stroke in the acute, convalescent and sequelae stages.

[Visual analysis on regulation of necroptosis with Chinese medicine based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace knowledge graphs].

The study was conducted by searching the literature related to the regulation of necroptosis with Chinese medicine from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2021 in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Web of Science(WoS), and PubMed. The obtained literature were imported into NoteExpress for eliminating duplicates and screening, and the final included articles were imported into Excel to plot the publication trend. The core authors were identified according to Price's law, and VOSviewer 1.

Photoinduced metal-free borylation of aryl halides catalysed by an formed donor-acceptor complex.

Organoboron compounds are very important building blocks which can be applied in medicinal, biological and industrial fields. However, direct borylation in a metal free manner has been very rarely reported. Herein, we described the successful direct borylation of haloarenes under mild, operationally simple, catalyst-free conditions, promoted by irradiation with visible light.

Merging Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Halogen Atom Transfer for Iodide-Catalyzed Radical Reductive Cyclization of 1,6-Enynes.

Described herein is the development of a metal-free iodide-catalyzed radical reductive cyclization of 1,6-enynes. A strategy involving iodination/radical cyclization/silyl radical-mediated halogen atom transfer/hydrogen atom transfer for the synthesis of functionalized pyrrolidines has been proposed. Using this halogen-atom abstraction protocol, 1,6-enynes with various vinyl halides including inert fluorides, chlorides, and reactive bromides could be transformed into substituted pyrroles a multistep radical isomerization process.

The Effect of Probiotics in Stroke Treatment.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the curative effect of probiotics combined with enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with stroke.

Methods: We retrieved randomized controlled trials and case-controlled trials on the use of probiotics for stroke treatment from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and Weipu databases. Retrieval times were from the databases' inception to November 6, 2020.

Zhuifeng Tougu capsules improve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms in rats by regulating the toll-like receptor 2/4-nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of Zhuifeng tougu capsules (, ZFTG) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in rats and study its mechanism, focusing on the toll-like receptor 2/4-nuclear factor kappa-B (TLR2/4-NF-κB) signaling pathway.

Methods: Type Ⅱ collagen and an artificial climate box were used to construct the rat model of collagen-induced arthritis with wind-cold-dampness arthralgia syndrome. The rats were divided randomly into a control group, wind-cold-dampness syndrome model group, and high-, medium-, and low-dose ZFTG groups.

Effect of Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction Combined with Western Medicine on Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the curative effect of Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction (TQHXD) combined with Western medicine treatment (WMT) on Ischemic Stroke (IS).

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TQHXD in the treatment of IS by computer retrieval of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and Weipu Database. The retrieval time was taken from the establishment of the database to July 30, 2020.

Electroacupuncture ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing autophagy the SIRT1-FOXO1 signaling pathway.

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury occurs when blood flow is restored in the brain, causing secondary damage to the ischemic tissues. Previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) treatment contributes to brain protection against CIR injury through modulating autophagy. Studies indicated that SIRT1-FOXO1 plays a crucial role in regulating autophagy.

Modulators of microglia activation and polarization in ischemic stroke (Review).

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. However, there is a current lack of effective therapies available. As the resident macrophages of the brain, microglia can monitor the microenvironment and initiate immune responses.

MicroRNA-23a promotes colorectal cancer cell survival by targeting PDK4.

MicroRNA (miR) is important regulators of gene expression, and aberrant miR expression has been linked to oncogenesis; however, little is understood about their contribution to colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we determined that miR-23a is overexpressed in human colorectal cancer cell lines and tissues compared with that of normal cells. The stable over-expression of miR-23a in CRC cells was sufficient to promote cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo.

Novel, nano-sized, liposome-encapsulated polyamidoamine dendrimer derivatives facilitate tumour targeting by overcoming the polyethylene glycol dilemma and integrin saturation obstacle.

Drug delivery systems (DDSs) commonly employ arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-dependent enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect to optimise tumour-targeting. However, the PEG dilemma and integrin saturation obstacle are major challenges. To address these issues, we constructed a novel, nano-sized DDS by encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded folic acid derivatives of polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM G5.

[Pharmacodynamics of liposomes modified with different chain length of sialic acid derivatives].

A large number of experimental and clinical data indicates that tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) were involved in the whole process of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Like macrophages in other tissues, TAMs originate from blood monocytes, which are recruited to the tumor tissues by cytokines and then differentiated into TAMs. It is interesting that the monocytes overexpress siglec receptor in their surface, which has a high binding specificity to sialic acid(SA).

["PEG dilemma" for liposomes and its solving approaches].

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is extensively used to increasing the in vivo and in vitro stability of liposomes. However, PEGylated liposomes also produce some negative effects with further research, such as low cellular uptake, poor "endosomal escape" of pH sensitive liposome (PSL) and accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon, and this situation is referred as the "PEG dilemma". "PEG dilemma" posed severe challenges for the targeted delivery of PEGylated liposomes-loaded anticancer drugs, effective intracellular release of PEGylated PSL-encapsulated gene and protein drugs, and repeated administration of PEGylated liposomes.

Lignans from the bark of Zanthoxylum simulans.

Investigation on the EtOAc extract of the bark of Zanthoxylum simulans led to the isolation of four new lignans including zanthoxylumin A (1), zanthoxylumin B (2), ( - )-magnolin (3), and ( - )-pinoresinol-di-3,3-dimethylallyl ether (4). Their structures were established by comprehensive analysis of the spectral data, especially 1D and 2D NMR spectra.

Characterization and biological evaluation of six new dimeric lignans with an unusual α,β-unsaturated ketone motif from Zanthoxylum simulans.

Investigation of the bark of Zanthoxylum simulans afforded six new dimeric lignans zanthpodocarpins C-H (1-6) bearing an unusual α,β-unsaturated ketone group. The new structures of 1-6 were determined by using detailed spectroscopic analysis. All of the isolated compounds were examined for their inhibitory effects against rat joint synovial cell and splenocyte proliferation.

Preparation and characterization of stable pH-sensitive vesicles composed of α-tocopherol hemisuccinate.

The current study aims to develop a stable pH-sensitive drug delivery system. First, cleavable polyethylene glycol-α-tocopherol hemisuccinate (PEG-THS) was synthesized. Conventional pH-sensitive vesicles composed of the Tris salt of α-tocopherol hemisuccinate (THST) were then prepared using the detergent removal technique.

[Effect of polyethylene glycol-lipid derivatives on the stability of grafted liposomes].

It is reported that polyethylene glycol-lipid (PEG-lipid) derivatives increase liposomes stability, prolong the blood circulation of liposomes, enhance their tumor-targeting efficiency, and improve drug efficacy. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate the influence of modified PEG-lipid derivatives on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of liposomes for the promotion of dealing with the existed problems, such as the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon when repeated intravous injection at a certain time-interval, and developing novel targeted pharmaceutical preparations. In this review, the effects of modified PEG-lipid derivatives were summarized in many aspects.