Urolithin-A Promotes CD8+ T Cell-mediated Cancer Immunosurveillance via FOXO1 Activation.

Unlabelled: Naïve T cells are key players in cancer immunosurveillance, even though their function declines during tumor progression. Thus, interventions capable of sustaining the quality and function of naïve T cells are needed to improve cancer immunoprevention.In this context, we studied the capacity of Urolithin-A (UroA), a potent mitophagy inducer, to enhance T cell-mediated cancer immunosurveillance.

Enhancing the identification of voriconazole-associated hepatotoxicity by targeted metabolomics.

Voriconazole-associated hepatotoxicity is a common condition that generally manifests as elevated liver enzymes and can lead to drug discontinuation. Careful monitoring of voriconazole-associated hepatotoxicity is needed but there are no specific plasma biomarkers for this condition. Metabolomics has emerged as a promising technique for investigating biomarkers associated with drug-induced toxicity.

Mitochondria Dictate Function and Fate of HSCs and T Cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and T cells are intimately related, lineage-dependent cell populations that are extensively used as therapeutic products for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and certain types of solid tumors. These cellular therapies can be life-saving treatments; however, their efficacies are often limited by factors influencing their activity and cellular properties. Among these factors is mitochondrial metabolism, which influences the function and fate commitment of both HSCs and T cells.

Traditional Chinese medicine formula T33 inhibits the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells by inducing autophagy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Although surgery is still the major method for CRC therapy, the adoption of alternative treatments, such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), for CRC treatment is increasing. Our previous study has indicated the anti-breast cancer activity of T33 (a TCM formula).

Experience of patients with COVID-19 in hospital isolation in Taiwan.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted everyone's lives, challenging us in ways that can be frustrating, daunting, and intensely emotive. This qualitative study explored the isolation experiences of patients with COVID-19 in a hospital in northern Taiwan. We collected data from nine patients in June-July 2020, conducting semi-structured, virtual face-to-face, in-depth interviews to gather input on two topics: (1) the psychological effect of hospital isolation on patients, including the psychological burden, stress response, support, disease stigma, and fear of returning to society; and (2) the patients' cognition and behaviors, which included tracking epidemic information, monitoring disease progression, soliciting suggestions about hospital isolation, and gauging comprehension after recovery.

Integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling activates human platelets through serine 24 phosphorylation of Disabled-2.

Background: Bidirectional integrin αIIbβ3 signaling is essential for platelet activation. The platelet adaptor protein Disabled-2 (Dab2) is a key regulator of integrin signaling and is phosphorylated at serine 24 in eukaryotic cells. However, the mechanistic insight and function of Dab2-serine 24 phosphorylation (Dab2-pSer24) in platelet biology are barely understood.

Cell-to-Cell Spread of Dengue Viral RNA in Mosquito Cells.

Dengue virus (DENV) is an important mosquito-borne arbovirus that is particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The virus is generally ingested with a blood meal, replicates in host tissues, and disseminates into salivary glands for transmission to the next host. Membrane-bound vacuoles carrying DENV particles have been documented in mosquito cells and play a role in the cell-to-cell transmission of DENV2.

Safety assessment of miraculin using in silico and in vitro digestibility analyses.

Miraculin is a glycoprotein with the ability to make sour substances taste sweet. The safety of miraculin has been evaluated using an approach proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization for assessing the safety of novel proteins. Miraculin was shown to be fully and rapidly digested by pepsin in an in vitro digestibility assay.

The MAP4 Kinase SIK1 Ensures Robust Extracellular ROS Burst and Antibacterial Immunity in Plants.

Microbial patterns are recognized by cell-surface receptors to initiate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs), such as BIK1, and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are engaged during PTI to activate the NADPH oxidase RBOHD for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It is unknown whether protein kinases besides CPKs and RLCKs participate in RBOHD regulation.

Association of auditory hallucination and anxiety symptoms with depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: A three-month follow-up.

This study was to investigate the association of auditory hallucinations and anxiety symptoms with depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia for three months. The participants (N = 189) were evaluated using Characteristics of Auditory Hallucination Questionnaire (CAHQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory-II. Forty-two participants suffered from depressive symptoms at both baseline and 3-month follow-up.

A novel p53 paralogue mediates antioxidant defense of mosquito cells to survive dengue virus replication.

Mosquito cells allow dengue viruses (DENVs) to undergo replication without causing serious deleterious effects on the cells, leading to advantages for dissemination to other cells. Despite this, increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is usually detected in C6/36 cells with DENV2 infection as shown in mammalian cells. Uniquely, oxidative stress caused by the ROS is alleviated by eliciting antioxidant defense which leads to protection of mosquito cells from the infection.

XBP1-Mediated BiP/GRP78 Upregulation Copes with Oxidative Stress in Mosquito Cells during Dengue 2 Virus Infection.

Dengue viruses (DENVs) cause dengue fever which is an important mosquito-borne disease in tropical areas. Generally, DENV does not cause cellular damage in mosquito cells. However, alterations in cytosolic calcium ions ([Ca]cyt) and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as well as accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anions (O) and hydrogen peroxide (HO), can be detected in C6/36 cells with DENV2 infection.

PERK Signal-Modulated Protein Translation Promotes the Survivability of Dengue 2 Virus-Infected Mosquito Cells and Extends Viral Replication.

Survival of mosquitoes from dengue virus (DENV) infection is a prerequisite of viral transmission to the host. This study aimed to see how mosquito cells can survive the infection during prosperous replication of the virus. In C6/36 cells, global protein translation was shut down after infection by DENV type 2 (DENV2).

Determination of (87)Sr/(86)Sr and δ(88/86)Sr ratios in plant materials using MC-ICP-MS.

A protocol for highly accurate and precise determination of Sr isotope ratios in plant materials, (87)Sr/(86)Sr and δ (88/86)Sr, by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) is presented in this study. An Eichrom Sr resin was used for matrix separation and an improved Zr empirical external normalization coupled with standard-sample bracketing method (Zr EEN-SSB) was applied to mass bias correction during Sr isotope MC-ICP-MS measurements. Potential influences of matrix elements, and polyatomic and isobaric interferences on the Sr isotopic determination were further evaluated using NIST SRM 987 Sr isotopic standard spiked with various amount of Ca, Mg, and Rb contents.

Proline isomerization of the immune receptor-interacting protein RIN4 by a cyclophilin inhibits effector-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis.

In the absence of pathogen infection, plant effector-triggered immune (ETI) receptors are maintained in a preactivation state by intermolecular interactions with other host proteins. Pathogen effector-induced alterations activate the receptor. In Arabidopsis, the ETI receptor RPM1 is activated via bacterial effector AvrB-induced phosphorylation of the RPM1-interacting protein RIN4 at Threonine 166.

Interorganelle interactions and inheritance patterns of nuclei and vacuoles in budding yeast meiosis.

Many of the mechanisms by which organelles are inherited by spores during meiosis are not well understood. Dramatic chromosome motion and bouquet formation are evolutionarily conserved characteristics of meiotic chromosomes. The budding yeast bouquet genes (NDJ1, MPS3, CSM4) mediate these movements via telomere attachment to the nuclear envelope (NE).

SCF(KMD) controls cytokinin signaling by regulating the degradation of type-B response regulators.

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play critical roles in growth and development. In Arabidopsis, the transcriptional response to cytokinin is regulated by action of type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs). Although central elements in the cytokinin signal transduction pathway have been identified, mechanisms controlling output remain to be elucidated.

The HopQ1 effector's nucleoside hydrolase-like domain is required for bacterial virulence in arabidopsis and tomato, but not host recognition in tobacco.

Bacterial pathogens deliver multiple effector proteins into host cells to facilitate bacterial growth. HopQ1 is an effector from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 that is conserved across multiple bacterial pathogens which infect plants.

Identification of cytokinin-responsive genes using microarray meta-analysis and RNA-Seq in Arabidopsis.

Cytokinins are N(6)-substituted adenine derivatives that play diverse roles in plant growth and development. We sought to define a robust set of genes regulated by cytokinin as well as to query the response of genes not represented on microarrays. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis of microarray data from a variety of cytokinin-treated samples and used RNA-seq to examine cytokinin-regulated gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

Functional characterization of type-B response regulators in the Arabidopsis cytokinin response.

Cytokinins play critical roles in plant growth and development, with the transcriptional response to cytokinin being mediated by the type-B response regulators. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), type-B response regulators (ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS [ARRs]) form three subfamilies based on phylogenic analysis, with subfamily 1 having seven members and subfamilies 2 and 3 each having two members. Cytokinin responses are predominantly mediated by subfamily 1 members, with cytokinin-mediated effects on root growth and root meristem size correlating with type-B ARR expression levels.