Northward geographic diversification of a kleptoparasitic spider (Araneae, Theridiidae) from the Philippine Archipelago to Orchid Island.

Oceanic islands are unique geographic systems that promote local adaptations and allopatric speciation in many of their highly endemic taxa. This is a common case in the Philippine Archipelago, where numerous unrelated taxa on islands have been inferred to have diversified in isolation. However, few cases have been reported in invertebrates especially among parasitic organisms.

Cytotoxicity and reversal of multidrug resistance by tryptanthrin-derived indoloquinazolines.

Aim: To evaluate the effects and elucidate the mechanisms of a series of indoloquinazolines as novel anticancer agents.

Methods: Condensation of the substituted isatoic anhydride with the substituted isatin was performed to prepare compounds 1-4, followed by adding malononitrile to prepare compounds 5-7. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assays.