Correction: Yang et al. Construction and Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Oral Administration of Exenatide in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. 2022, , 2181.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

Optical determination of layered-materials InSe thickness via RGB contrast method and regression analysis.

Indium selenide (InSe) features intriguing thickness-dependent optoelectronic properties, and a simple, and precise way to identify the thickness is essential for the rapid development of InSe research. Here, a red, green, and blue (RGB) color contrast method with regression analysis for quantitative correlation of three optical contrasts from RGB channels with the InSe thickness (1-35 nm), is demonstrated. The lower accuracy of the thickness identification obtained from the individual channels was discussed.

Operando photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of graphene field-effect transistors.

In this study, operando photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize the performance of graphene field-effect transistors under working conditions. By sweeping the back-gate voltages, the carrier concentration of the graphene channel on the 150 nm SiN/Si substrate was tuned. From the C1s core level spectra acquired under the application of different gate voltages, the binding energy shifts caused by electric-field effects were obtained and analyzed.

Construction and Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Oral Administration of Exenatide in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides has been a daunting challenge due to poor transport across the tight junctions and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. Numerous advancement in nanomedicine has been made for the effective delivery of protein and peptide. Owing to the superior performance of chitosan in opening intercellular tight junctions of epithelium and excellent mucoadhesive properties, chitosan-based nanocarriers have recently garnered considerable attention, which was formulated in this paper to orally deliver the GLP-1 drug (Exenatide).

Formulation and Evaluation of Chitosan/NaCl/Maltodextrin Microparticles as a Saltiness Enhancer: Study on the Optimization of Excipients for the Spray-Drying Process.

Spray-dried chitosan/NaCl/maltodextrin microparticles have the potential to be used to enhance saltiness; however, its notable hygroscopicity results in handling and storage problems, thus limiting its application. In the present study, we attempted to introduce maltodextrin, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and waxy starch (WS) as excipients into the spray drying formulation of microparticles to reduce the cohesiveness and caking behavior and improve the yield simultaneously by ameliorating the moisture absorption tendency. The prepared microparticles showed a spherical appearance and had particle sizes ranging from 6.

Isotypes of autoantibodies against novel differential 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified peptide adducts in serum is associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwanese women.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder with systemic inflammation and may be induced by oxidative stress that affects an inflamed joint. Our objectives were to examine isotypes of autoantibodies against 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) modifications in RA and associate them with increased levels of autoantibodies in RA patients.

Methods: Serum samples from 155 female patients [60 with RA, 35 with osteoarthritis (OA), and 60 healthy controls (HCs)] were obtained.

Engineering an Indium Selenide van der Waals Interface for Multilevel Charge Storage.

As the continuous miniaturization of floating-gate transistors approaches a physical limit, new innovations in device architectures, working principles, and device materials are in high demand. This study demonstrated a nonvolatile memory structure with multilevel data storage that features a van der Waals gate architecture made up of a partially oxidized surface layer/indium selenide (InSe) van der Waals interface. The key functionality of this proof-of-concept device is provided through the generation of charge-trapping sites via an indirect oxygen plasma treatment on the InSe surface layer.

Intracellular Restructured Reduced Glutathione-Responsive Peptide Nanofibers for Synergetic Tumor Chemotherapy.

Self-assembled peptide nanofibers have been widely studied in cancer nanotherapeutics with their excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity of degradation products, showing the significant potential in inhibiting tumor progression. However, poor solubility prevents direct intravenous administration of nanofibers. Although water-soluble peptide precursors have been formed via the method of phosphorylation for intravenous administration, their opportunities for broad in vivo application are limited by the weak capacity of encapsulating drugs.

Doxorubicin derivative loaded acetal-PEG-PCCL micelles for overcoming multidrug resistance in MCF-7/ADR cells.

This study was aimed to develop DOX-TPP loaded acetal-PEG-PCCL micelles to improve the clinical efficacy of drug resistance tumor. Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for breast cancer but is plagued by multidrug resistance (MDR). DOX-TPP-loaded micelles can enhance the specific concentration of drugs in the tumor and improve the efficacy and overcome MDR.

Dipolar magnetism in assembled Co nanoparticles on graphene.

The magnetic properties of the assembled Co nanoparticles on graphene were studied using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), magneto-optical Kerr effects, and a modeling simulation. We demonstrate that the superparamagnetic nanoparticles reveal a ferromagnetic phase when they are assembled on graphene. The moderate increase of the XMCD asymmetry and magnetization with coverage for this assembly indicates a dipolar-mediated magnetism, which is further verified by a model simulation considering the dipolar interaction between neighboring nanoparticles.

Low Levels of IgG Recognizing the α-1-Antitrypsin Peptide and Its Association with Taiwanese Women with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

The aim of this study was to examine oxidative stress and low level of α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and evaluate the associated autoreactivity against unmodified and their 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified peptides with pSS. Two differentially expressed proteins, α-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (A1AG1) and A1AT, exhibited 2-fold differences, and their HNE modifications were identified by depleted-albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum protein, in-solution digestion, in-gel digestion, and nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) from pSS patients and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Furthermore, levels of proteins, confirmation of HNE modifications, HNE-protein adducts and autoreactivity against unmodified and their HNE-modified peptides were further validated.

Isotypes of autoantibodies against differentially expressed novel malondialdehyde-modified peptide adducts in serum of Taiwanese women with rheumatoid arthritis.

Unlabelled: This study identified and validated four differentially expressed novel malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified peptide adducts and evaluated autoantibodies against native and MDA-modified peptides among Taiwanese women patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy controls (HCs). Ig kappa chain C region, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, and apolipoprotein B-100 exhibiting 2-fold differences in relative modification ratios were identified by concanavalin A (Con A) affinity chromatography, 1D SDS-PAGE, in-gel digestion, nano-LC/MS/MS and nano-LC/MS using pooled serum-derived Con A-captured proteins from 9 RA and 9 age-matched HCs. Furthermore, the levels of proteins, serum MDA, and MDA-modified protein adducts were further validated against individual serum from 20 RA and 20 HCs, and autoantibodies against native and their MDA-modified peptides used 45 RA, 30 OA and 45 HCs.

High photosensitivity and broad spectral response of multi-layered germanium sulfide transistors.

In this paper, we report the optoelectronic properties of multi-layered GeS nanosheet (∼28 nm thick)-based field-effect transistors (called GeS-FETs). The multi-layered GeS-FETs exhibit remarkably high photoresponsivity of Rλ ∼ 206 A W(-1) under 1.5 μW cm(-2) illumination at λ = 633 nm, Vg = 0 V, and Vds = 10 V.

High performance and bendable few-layered InSe photodetectors with broad spectral response.

Two-dimensional crystals with a wealth of exotic dimensional-dependent properties are promising candidates for next-generation ultrathin and flexible optoelectronic devices. For the first time, we demonstrate that few-layered InSe photodetectors, fabricated on both a rigid SiO2/Si substrate and a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, are capable of conducting broadband photodetection from the visible to near-infrared region (450-785 nm) with high photoresponsivities of up to 12.3 AW(-1) at 450 nm (on SiO2/Si) and 3.

Cyclometalated iridium(III)-β-carboline complexes as potent autophagy-inducing agents.

Two cyclometalated Ir(III)-β-carboline complexes were identified as potent inducers of autophagic cell death. Autophagy induced by these complexes is ROS-mediated and caspase-independent.

Metallomics insights into the programmed cell death induced by metal-based anticancer compounds.

Since the discovery of cisplatin more than 40 years ago, enormous research efforts have been dedicated to developing metal-based anticancer agents and to elucidating the mechanisms involved in the action of these compounds. Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are important hallmarks of malignant transformation, and the induction of apoptotic cell death has been considered to be a main pathway by which cytotoxic metal complexes combat cancer. However, many cancers have cellular defects involving the apoptotic machinery, which results in an acquired resistance to apoptotic cell death and therefore reduced chemotherapeutic effectiveness.

Chemical vapor deposition synthesis and Raman spectroscopic characterization of large-area graphene sheets.

We present a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to catalytically synthesize large-area, transferless, single- to few-layer graphene sheets using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) on a SiO2/Si substrate as a carbon source and thermally evaporated alternating Ni/Cu/Ni layers as a catalyst. The as-synthesized graphene films were characterized by Raman spectroscopic imaging to identify single- to few-layer sheets. This HMDS-derived graphene layer is continuous over the entire growth substrate, and single- to trilayer mixed sheets can be up to 30 μm in the lateral dimension.

Sunlight-activated long-persistent luminescence in the near-infrared from Cr(3+)-doped zinc gallogermanates.

Visible-light persistent phosphors are being widely used as self-sustained night-vision materials because of their sufficiently strong and long afterglow (>10 h) and their ability to be excited by sunlight as well as room light. In contrast, persistent phosphors for near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths are lacking. Here we report a series of Cr(3+)-doped zinc gallogermanate NIR persistent phosphors that exhibit strong emission at 650-1,000 nm, extending beyond the typical 690-750 nm, and with a super-long afterglow of more than 360 h.

Near infrared long-persistent phosphorescence in La3Ga5GeO14:Cr3+ phosphor.

Near infrared (NIR; 660-1300 nm) long-persistent phosphorescence from Cr(3+) ions with persistence time of more than 1 hour was realized in La(3)Ga(5)GeO(14):Cr(3+) phosphor (with or without co-dopants such as Li(+), Zn(2+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Dy(3+)). The NIR phosphorescence can be effectively achieved under UV illumination (~240-360 nm) but is barely achieved by blue light (~480 nm) irradiation, even though the blue light excitation are effective to the NIR fluorescence. The NIR phosphorescence mechanisms were discussed by measuring the irradiation energy dependence of the phosphorescence intensity.

Calcified reticulate rind sign: a characteristic feature of gossypiboma on computed tomography.

We herein report a gossypiboma resulting from a retained surgical swab, which had been left in peritoneum for 20 years after appendectomy. CT revealed a cystic mass with a calcified reticulate rind. Subsequent surgery and pathological examination showed a gossypiboma.