Multidisciplinary approaches in the management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Exploring future directions.

Recently, we read the article "Pathologically successful conversion hepatectomy for advanced giant hepatocellular carcinoma after multidisciplinary therapy: A case report and review of the literature" published in the . The prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor, and multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment is currently the main research direction. This case report demonstrated the efficacy of the combination therapy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, epclusa, lenvatinib and sintilimab for a patient with advanced HCC, and the report can serve as a reference for clinical practice.

Refining the targeted population and achieving better for colorectal cancer screening.

This editorial comments on the article entitled "Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer through diagnostic route: Who should be screened?" by Agatsuma , who conducted a retrospective study aiming at clarifying the stage at colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis based on different diagnostic routes. We share our opinion about CRC screening programs. The current situation suggests the need for a more specific and targeted population for CRC screening.

Cross-modal digit span and vocabulary proficiency in deaf or hard-of-hearing children.

This study aims to examine the relationship between vocabulary proficiency and short-term memory capacity in deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. We test the hypothesis that the relationship between vocabulary skills and digit span performance could be strengthened when the digit span task encompasses cross-modal integration processes. A group of DHH children performed two types of auditory digit span tasks.

Effect of an artificial intelligence-assisted system on endoscopic diagnosis of superficial oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions: a multicentre, tandem, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Despite the usefulness of white light endoscopy (WLE) and non-magnified narrow-band imaging (NBI) for screening for superficial oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions, these lesions might be missed due to their subtle features and interpretation variations among endoscopists. Our team has developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system to detect superficial oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions using WLE and non-magnified NBI. We aimed to evaluate the auxiliary diagnostic performance of the AI system in a real clinical setting.

Auditory memory span in Mandarin-speaking preschoolers with congenital hearing loss: Impact of task structure.

The current research was conducted to test the prediction that children who have hearing loss and are developing spoken language can perform at the same level as hearing children in an auditory memory span task if actual production of speech is excluded from task requirement. A listen-and-point digit span task and two sub-tests of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (Verbal Digit Span and Matrix Reasoning) were administered to thirty hearing children and thirty-three children with hearing loss. A language assessment instrument for Mandarin-speaking preschool children was also administered to the participants with hearing loss.

[The in vitro inhibition and induction of cytochrome P450 activities by bentysrepinine: a novel candidate of anti-hepatitis B virus drug].

Bentysrepinine (Y101), a derivative of phenyalanine dipeptide, has a novel mechanism in the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with a good anti-HBV effect. In the present study, a fluorometric-based high throughput method using cytochrome P450 (CYP) screening kit was adopted to evaluate in vitro inhibition potential of Y101 on CYP isoenzymes by calculating remaining enzyme activities and inhibitory potential (IC(50) values) using the determined values of fluorescence intensity. The result showed that Y101 exhibited little activity in the inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 (IC(50) > 100 μmol·L(-1)).

[The in vitro transport mechanism of bentysrepinine: a novel anti-hepatitis B virus drug candidate].

Bentysrepinine (Y101), a derivative of phenylalanine dipeptide, is a novel drug candidate for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Our previous preclinical pharmacokinetic study showed that its in vivo absorption and distribution characteristics were probably related to transmembrane transport after Y101 was administered intragastically in rats. In this study, Caco-2 and MDCK-MDR1 cell models were used to investigate interactions between Y101 and P-gp through the apparent permeation coefficient (P(app)) and efflux ratio (RE); the results showed that Y101 was a substrate of P-gp.

The Targeted-liposome Delivery System of Antitumor Drugs.

The liposome delivery system has been intensively explored as novel drug delivery system (DDS) for antitumor drugs, due to its safety, selective cytotoxicity, long circulation and slow elimination in blood, which is favorable for cancer therapy. The liposome-based chemotherapeutics are used to treat a variety of cancers to enhance the therapeutic index of antitumor drugs. Here, the author reviewed the important targets for cancer therapy and the pharmacokinetic behavior of liposomal drugs in vivo, as well as the application of the targeting liposomal system in cancer therapy.

Effects of Drug Transporters on Pharmacological Responses and Safety.

Recently, it is realized that transporters, apart from enzymes, play a key role in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. More and more pharmaceutical researchers focused on transporter study and found that drug transporters not only involved in pharmacokinetics including absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). but also in Drug-Drug interactions (DDIs).

Inhibitory effect of medicinal plant-derived carboxylic acids on the human transporters hOAT1, hOAT3, hOATP1B1, and hOATP2B1.

A significant number of organic carboxylic acids have been shown to influence the absorption and distribution of drugs mediated by organic anion transporters (OATs). In this study, uptake experiments were performed to assess the inhibitory effects of cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, oleanolic acid, deoxycholic acid, and cynarin on hOAT1, hOAT3, hOATP1B1, and hOATP2B1. After a drug-drug interaction (DDI) investigation, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, deoxycholic acid, and cynarin were found and validated to inhibit hOAT1 in a competitive manner, and deoxycholic acid was found to be an inhibitor of all four transporters.

Herb-drug interactions involving drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters.

Herbal medicines and their active ingredients are widely used worldwide, and they have become an important part of clinical medicine. The combined use of herbs and drugs has increased the possibility of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the combined use of herbs and drugs can enhance or attenuate the drug efficacy and toxicity.