Close relationship with the glandular capsule: a highly sensitive diagnostic indicator of major salivary gland metastatic malignancies in ultrasound.

Objectives: To investigate the ultrasound (US) characteristics of metastatic malignancies (MM) in the major salivary glands and to assess the diagnostic value of the close relationship with the glandular capsule in identifying MM.

Methods: From January 2016 and April 2022, 122 patients with major salivary gland malignancies, including 20 patients with MM and 102 patients with primary malignancies (PM) confirmed by histopathological examination, were enrolled in this study. Their clinicopathologic and US data were recorded and analysed.

A Nomogram Based on Conventional Ultrasound Radiomics for Differentiating Between Radial Scar and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.

We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram based on conventional ultrasound (CUS) radiomics model to differentiate radial scar (RS) from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. In total, 208 patients with histopathologically diagnosed RS or IDC of the breast were enrolled. They were randomly divided in a 7:3 ratio into a training cohort (n = 145) and a validation cohort (n = 63).

Prenatal diagnosis and appearance of nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma in a fetus: A case report.

We report a case of fetal nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH) first noted on prenatal ultrasound at 34 weeks. A solid-cystic mass which predominantly hyperechoicgenic and relatively clear margin, was located on the left nasal cavity and pharynx, with anterior extension and moderate blood flow. Further follow-up ultrasound examination depicted an enlargement of the tumor.

Pyroptosis is involved in maternal nicotine exposure-induced metabolic associated fatty liver disease progression in offspring mice.

We have investigated whether inflammasomes and pyroptosis are activated in maternal nicotine exposure (MNE) offspring mice and whether they are involved in MNE-promoted metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in adult offspring. We injected pregnant mice subcutaneously with saline vehicle or nicotine twice a day on gestational days 11-21. Offspring mice from both groups were fed with a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 months at postnatal day 21 to develop the MAFLD model.

The Ratio of Clavicle Length to Head Circumference: A Novel Date-Independent Clavicle Index.

We aimed to plot the growth curve of the fetal clavicle, identify gestational date-independent parameters. Using 2-dimensional ultrasonography, we obtained the clavicle lengths (CLs) from 601 normal fetuses between 12 and 40 gestational age (GA). The CL/fetal growth parameters ratio was calculated.

Polar Vessel: A New Ultrasound Sign for Complementary Diagnosis of Major Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.

Objectives: To investigate the characteristic ultrasonographic findings of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in major salivary glands and identify the value of polar vessel in color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for the diagnosis of ACC.

Methods: From January 2017 to December 2021, 76 patients with parotid and submandibular gland tumors, including 14 patients with ACC, as confirmed by surgery and histopathology, were enrolled. Their clinicopathologic information and ultrasound (US) features were recorded and analyzed.

Case report and literature review: antenatal diagnosis of a fetal anaplastic astrocytoma.

Objectives: To describe the ultrasonographic appearance of congenital anaplastic astrocytoma, so as to provide diagnostic clues for it. An updated review of the literature was also carried out.

Results: There was a case of fetal anaplastic astrocytoma detected by ultrasound at 37 + 1 weeks of gestation.

Maternal nicotine exposure aggravates metabolic associated fatty liver disease via PI3K/Akt signaling in adult offspring mice.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of maternal nicotine exposure (MNE) on the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in adulthood offspring and the underlying mechanism.

Methods: Pregnant mice (n = 22) were subcutaneously injected with either saline vehicle (n = 11) or nicotine (n = 11) twice a day on gestational days 11-21. Offspring mice (n = 176) from both groups were weaned at postnatal day 21, and for 6 months after postnatal day 21, 96 mice were fed either a standard chow diet (n = 48) or a high-fat diet (n = 48).

Activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway contributes to renal fibrosis in offspring rats induced by maternal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate.

Maternal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) can cause renal fibrosis in adult offspring rats. However, its underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether the RhoA/ROCK pathway plays an important role in offspring renal fibrosis induced by maternal exposure to DBP.

Three-dimensional sonographic minute structure analysis of fetal cerebellar vermis development and malformations: utilizing volume contrast imaging.

Purpose: To obtain three-dimensional ultrasonic (3D US) structural details and biometrics of the fetal cerebellar vermis and evaluate the value of developmental and malformation identification.

Methods: The 3D US minute structure of the fetal cerebellar vermis in mid-sagittal view was detected in normal fetuses (n = 438; 16-41 weeks). Biometric sizes were measured to establish the stage-specific norms and reproducibility analysis.

Prenatal Evaluation for Detection of Anorectal Atresia: Value of Ultrasound.

Objectives: To investigate the applicability and value of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of anorectal atresia.

Methods: Between January 2008 and January 2016, we prospectively evaluated 63,101 fetuses (gestational age, 20-38 weeks), including low- and high-risk populations using 2-dimensional US scans. An abnormal imaging finding was defined as an anal canal diameter of less than the 95% confidence interval (small anal canal) of the normal range or the absence of an anal canal and rectum.

Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Atom Transfer Radical Addition of Iododifluoroacetate to Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids.

The first example of copper-catalyzed decarboxylative atom transfer radical addition of alkynyl carboxylic acids has been developed with a readily available fluoroalkyl halide. This novel protocol has demonstrated a unique difunctionalization of nonterminal alkynes with a broad substrate scope and excellent functional-group tolerance. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the catalytic cycle was initiated by the attack of a difluoroalkyl radical to an in situ generated alkynylcopper species.

Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Difluoroalkylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids.

The first example of nickel-catalyzed decarboxylative fluoroalkylation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids has been developed with commonly available fluoroalkyl halides. This novel transformation has demonstrated broad substrate scope, excellent functional-group tolerance, mild reaction conditions, and excellent stereoselectivity. Mechanistic investigations indicate that a fluoroalkyl radical is involved in the catalytic cycle.

Nickel-catalyzed monofluoromethylation of aryl boronic acids.

Aryl boronic acids can be monofluoromethylated under nickel catalysis. The utility of this method is demonstrated by the monofluoromethylation of a borylated and acyl-protected derivative of the statin drug ezetimibe. Mechanistic investigations indicate that a fluoromethyl radical is involved in the Ni(I)/Ni(III) catalytic cycle.

Visible light-mediated C-H difluoromethylation of electron-rich heteroarenes.

A novel method for visible-light photoredox-catalyzed difluoromethylation of electron-rich N-, O-, and S-containingheteroarenes under mild reaction conditions is developed. Mechanistic investigation indicates that the net C-H difluoromethylation proceeds through an electrophilic radical-type pathway.

Pd(0)-Catalyzed radical aryldifluoromethylation of activated alkenes.

A Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular aryldifluoromethylation of activated alkenes under mild reaction conditions has been developed. This reaction provides a new method for construction of a variety of difluoromethylated oxindoles. Mechanistic investigations indicate that a difluoromethyl radical, which was triggered by Pd(0), initiated the cascade sequence through an addition to the alkene.

Maternal hypoxia increases the susceptibility of adult rat male offspring to high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment increases the risk for adult metabolic syndrome. However, the influence of prenatal hypoxia on the risk of fatty liver disease in offspring is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of reduced fetal oxygen on the development and severity of high-fat (HF) diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Pd-catalyzed C-H lactonization for expedient synthesis of biaryl lactones and total synthesis of cannabinol.

A practical Pd(II)/Pd(IV)-catalyzed carboxyl-directed C-H activation/C-O cyclization to construct biaryl lactones has been developed. The synthetic utility of this new reaction was demonstrated in an atom-economical and operationally convenient total synthesis of the natural product cannabinol from commercially available starting materials, with the newly developed method used for two key steps.

Growth and expression of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells modified by nerve growth factor in diabetic rat bladders.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transfected with the nerve growth factor (NGF) gene and then transplanted into diabetic rat bladder tissues survive and continue to express NGF. A recombinant lentiviral vector carrying the NGF gene was constructed and transfected into rat bone marrow MSCs. BrdU‑labeled immunohistochemistry was used to observe NGF expression in the transfected MSCs.

Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H activation/C-O bond formation: synthesis of chiral benzofuranones.

Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H activation of phenylacetic acids followed by an intramolecular C-O bond formation afforded chiral benzofuranones. This reaction provides the first example of enantioselecctive C-H functionalizations through Pd(II)/Pd(IV) redox catalysis.

Sonographic evaluation of the development of the fetal rectum and anal canal.

Purpose: To describe the sonographic (US) appearance of fetal anal canal and rectum and establish nomograms of their normal measurements.

Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of 524 healthy women (mean age, 27 years; range, 21-37 years) with normal singleton pregnancy between 18 and 40 weeks of gestational age (GA). High-resolution transabdominal US was used to visualize and measure the normal fetal anal canal and rectum.

Ultrasound probe pressure but not maternal Valsalva maneuver alters Doppler parameters during fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasonography.

Objective: To determine the effects of increased ultrasound probe pressure and maternal Valsalva maneuver (VM) on the middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler ultrasonography in fetuses.

Methods: A total of 120 healthy pregnant women in second and third trimesters were enrolled in the study. MCA blood flow was measured by pulsed Doppler sonography in 60 fetuses (24 and 40 weeks' gestation) before and after the application of increased ultrasound probe pressure.

[Spectral characteristics of normal breast samples in the 350-850 nm wavelength range].

Spectral characteristics of normal female breast samples in the 350-850 nm wavelength range were measured using a UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer system with integrating sphere attachment for measuring the diffuse reflectance and transmittance. The optical properties of normal breast tissue in vitro were obtained by the inverse adding doubling method. And then the optical penetration depths in this spectral range were analyzed based on the principle of tissue optics.