Textbook oncological outcome of locally advanced gastric cancer patients with preoperative sarcopenia: a multicenter clinical study.

Background: The impact of postoperative sarcopenia on the Textbook Oncological Outcome (TOO) in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) remains uncertain. This study investigates the relationship between sarcopenia and TOO, explores its long-term prognostic value, and develops a prognostic model incorporating sarcopenia and TOO for survival prediction.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical and pathological data from patients with LAGC who underwent radical surgery at two Chinese tertiary referral hospitals.

The safety, feasibility, and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic completion total gastrectomy for remnant gastric cancer: a prospective study with 3-year follow-up (FUGES-004 study).

Background: The efficacy of laparoscopic completion total gastrectomy (LCTG) for remnant gastric cancer (RGC) remains controversial.

Methods: The primary outcome was postoperative morbidity within 30 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), 3-year overall survival (OS), and recurrence.

Robot-assisted versus laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy among malnourished patients with gastric cancer based on textbook outcome.

Background: Textbook outcome (TO) has been widely employed as a comprehensive indicator to assess the short-term prognosis of patients with cancer. Preoperative malnutrition is a potential risk factor for adverse surgical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to compare the TO between robotic-assisted gastrectomy (RAG) and laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) in malnourished patients with GC.

Long-term oncological outcomes of 3D versus 2D laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LG) is rapidly gaining popularity owing to its minimal invasiveness. Previous studies have found that compared with two-dimensional (2D)-LG, three-dimensional (3D)-LG showed better short-term outcomes. However, the long-term oncological outcomes in patients with locally resectable gastric cancer (GC) remain controversial.

Long-term treatment with the mPXR agonist PCN promotes hepatomegaly and lipid accumulation without hepatocyte proliferation in mice.

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is highly expressed in the liver and plays a pivotal role in xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. We previously reported that PXR activation by its specific mouse agonist pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN) significantly induces liver enlargement and lipid accumulation. However, the effect of long-term PCN treatment on PXR and mouse liver is still unknown.

Efficacy of needling acupoints of Guanyuan (CV4), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Zusanli (ST36), Pishu (BL20), Shenshu (BL23), Zigong (EX-CA1) on expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in ovarian tissue in rats with premature ovarian failure induced by cyclophosphamide.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of needling acupoins of Guanyuan (CV4), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Zusanli (ST36), Pishu (BL20), Shenshu (BL23), Zigong (EX-CA1) on the expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in ovarian tissue in rats with premature ovarian failure induced by cyclophosphamide, and to study the underlying mechanism.

Methods: Forty specific pathogen free female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the blank group, the model group, the acupuncture group, the Western Medicine group and the Western Medicine combined with acupuncture group. Except the blank group, the rest of the rats were given with cyclophosphamide for 14 d to establish premature ovarian failure model.

Hepatic Vps33b deficiency aggravates cholic acid-induced cholestatic liver injury in male mice.

Vacuolar protein sorting 33B (VPS33B) is important for intracellular vesicular trafficking process and protein interactions, which is closely associated with the arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis syndrome. Our previous study has shown a crucial role of Vps33b in regulating metabolisms of bile acids and lipids in hepatic Vps33b deficiency mice with normal chow, but it remains unknown whether VPS33B could contribute to cholestatic liver injury. In this study we investigated the effects of hepatic Vps33b deficiency on bile acid metabolism and liver function in intrahepatic cholestatic mice.

PXR mediates mifepristone-induced hepatomegaly in mice.

Mifepristone (Mif), an effective synthetic steroidal antiprogesterone drug, is widely used for medical abortion and pregnancy prevention. Due to its anti-glucocorticoid effect, high-dose Mif is also used to treat Cushing's syndrome. Mif was reported to active pregnane X receptor (PXR) in vitro and PXR can induce hepatomegaly via activation and interaction with yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway.

Schisandrol B promotes liver enlargement via activation of PXR and YAP pathways in mice.

Background: Schisandrol B (SolB) is one of the bioactive components from a traditional Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis or Schisandra sphenanthera. It has been demonstrated that SolB exerts hepatoprotective effects against drug-induced liver injury and promotes liver regeneration. It was found that SolB can induce hepatomegaly but the involved mechanisms remain unknown.

AMPKα1 confers survival advantage of colorectal cancer cells under metabolic stress by promoting redox balance through the regulation of glutathione reductase phosphorylation.

Patients with stage II or III colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibit various clinical outcomes after radical treatments. The 5-year survival rate was between 50 and 87%. However, the underlying mechanisms of the variation remain unclear.

Serum thrombospondin-2 is a candidate diagnosis biomarker for early non-small-cell lung cancer.

Thrombospondin-2 (THBS2) is a secreted protein overexpressed in numerous cancers and may function as a diagnostic tumor marker. The objective of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of serum THBS2 in early stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Serum THBS2 and Cyfra21-1 level were evaluated in blood samples of 112 patients from NSCLC groups and 51 healthy control (HC) groups.

Cantharidin Inhibits the Growth of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing Autophagy and Inducing Apoptosis in Vitro and in Vivo.

Background/aims: Cantharidin, a type of terpenoid secreted by the blister beetle Mylabris phalerata (Pallas), has attracted great attention in cancer therapy because of its potential anti-cancer activities. Here, we report the effects on apoptosis and autophagy in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines after treatment with cantharidin and attempt to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were treated with cantharidin and cell proliferation was examined using CCK-8 and clone formation assays.

Acidosis counteracts itch tachyphylaxis to consecutive pruritogen exposure dependent on acid-sensing ion channel 3.

Tachyphylaxis of itch refers to a markedly reduced scratching response to consecutive exposures of a pruritogen, a process thought to protect against tissue damage by incessant scratching and to become disrupted in chronic itch. Here, we report that a strong stimulation of the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor C11 by its agonist, Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-NH (SL-NH) or bovine adrenal medulla 8-22 peptide, via subcutaneous injection in mice induces tachyphylaxis to the subsequent application of SL-NH to the same site. Notably, co-application of acid and SL-NH following the initial injection of the pruritogen alone counteracted itch tachyphylaxis by augmenting the scratching behaviors in wild-type but not in acid-sensing ion channel 3-null, animals.

Loss of the Opa interacting protein 5 inhibits breast cancer proliferation through miR-139-5p/NOTCH1 pathway.

Opa interacting protein 5 (OIP5) has been reported to be over-expressed in several kinds of human cancer. However, the biological function and clinical significance of OIP5 in human breast cancer remains unknown. In this study, we found that OIP5 was notably over-expressed in breast cancer tissues compared with their corresponding nontumorous tissues.

SHCBP1 is over-expressed in breast cancer and is important in the proliferation and apoptosis of the human malignant breast cancer cell line.

Background: SHC SH2-binding protein 1, a member of Src homolog and collagen homolog (Shc) family, has been recently identified in different contexts in unbiased screening assays. It has been reported to be over-expressed in several malignant cancers.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry of SHCBP1 on 128 breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of SHCBP1.

Schisandrol B protects against acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice via activation of the NRF2/ARE signaling pathway.

Aim: The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) acts through the antioxidant response element (ARE) to regulate the expression of many detoxifying and antioxidant genes responsible for cytoprotective processes. We previously reported that Schisandrol B (SolB) isolated from Schisandra sphenanthera produced a protective effect against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. In this study we investigated whether the NRF2/ARE signaling pathway was involved in this hepato-protective effect.

ASIC3 Mediates Itch Sensation in Response to Coincident Stimulation by Acid and Nonproton Ligand.

The regulation and mechanisms underlying itch sensation are complex. Here, we report a role for acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) in mediating itch evoked by certain pruritogens during tissue acidosis. Co-administration of acid with Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-NH2 (SL-NH2) increased scratching behavior in wild-type, but not ASIC3-null, mice, implicating the channel in coincident detection of acidosis and pruritogens.

Inhibiton of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and P-gp activity by multiple extracts of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decotion (HLJDD), an important traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used for various diseases in clinical practice, and thus has high potential to induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated herb-drug interactions (HDIs) with other co-administered drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of multiple extracts including aqueous extracts, total flavonoids, iridoids, alkaloids from HLJDD on the activities of CYPs in rats (CYP1A2, CYP2C6, CYP2D2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A1) and P-gp, and then to predict potential interactions with co-administered drugs.

Materials And Methods: The effects of the four extracts from HLJDD on the CYPs activity were evaluated in rat liver microsomes incubation system, and then determined by LC-MS/MS-based CYPs probe substrate assay.

[Effect of kurarinol on peripheral blood CTL surface PD-1 expression of patients with chronic hepatitis B].

Objective: To explore the anti-viral mechanism of kurarinol through studying its influence on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) surface program death receptor-1 (PD-1) expression of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods: 69 cases of CHB, HBV DNA > or = 10(4) copies/ml, HBeAg positive, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 positive, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 2 x upper limit of normal value(ULN).69 cases were randomly divided into two groups:34 cases in treatment group,600 mg of kurarinol glucose injection was used for intravenous dripping, once a day, one month later, 200 mg of kurarinol capsule was used orally,three times a day and 200 mg of silybin meglumine tablet was used orally, three times a day.

Acrolein induces Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies in vitro and in vivo.

The pathologic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been fully uncovered. Acrolein, a ubiquitous dietary pollutant and by-product of oxidative stress, can induce cytotoxicity in neurons, which might play an important role in the etiology of AD. Here, we examined the effects of Acrolein on the AD pathologies in vitro and in vivo.

[Study on effects of kurarinol combined with glycyrrhizic acid on cellular immunity of patients with chronic hepatitis B].

Objective: To explore effects of kurarinol combined with Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate on specific cellular immunity of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods: Sixty-three CHB patients were randomly divided into two groups, 32 cases in group of kurarinol combined with Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate group (combined therapy group) were treated with 600 mg kurarinol glucose injection intravenously, once a day for one month, then 200 mg kurarinol capsule was used orally, three times a day for two months. 150 mg Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate for Injection was added to 250 ml 10% glucose injection for intravenous drip, once a day for one month, then 150 mg Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate capsule was used orally, three times a day for two months; 31 case in kurarinol group (single drug group) only used kurarinol, methods and dosage were the same as those of treatment group.

Effect of oxymatrine on specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte surface programmed death receptor-1 expression in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Background: Oxymatrine has certain antiviral effects in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but its exact mechanism is unclear. The objective of the present study was to explore oxymatrine's antiviral mechanism by studying its effect on the hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) surface programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) expression in CHB patients.

Methods: Sixty-five CHB patients who had HBV DNA(3)10(4) copies/ml, positive HBeAg, positive human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 2 x upper limit of normal value (ULN) were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n = 33), treated with an intravenous infusion of 600 mg oxymatrine in glucose solution once a day for a month, then with a 200 mg oxymatrine oral capsule three times a day, and a 200 mg silibin meglumine tablet three times a day; control group (n = 32) patients were treated only with silibin meglumine tablet, method and dosage were the same as those of treatment group.